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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Suco desidratado de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) por atomiza??o: caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica, bioativa e estudo da vida de prateleira do produto

Moraes, Francisca Pereira de 25 July 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscaPM_DISSERT.pdf: 2495955 bytes, checksum: b18c8af2fb41798837d2d3aa838470af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Despite the relatively organized cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) productive chain and the number of cashew derivatives found in the market, it is estimated that over 90% of the cashew peduncle is wasted. A possible strategy for a better commercial exploitation of this agroindustrial commodity would be the production of spray dried cashew pulp. Thus, this paper approaches the yellow cashew pulp spray drying process and the final product evaluation. Based on that, the shelf life of the spray dried cashew pulp packed in different packaging was evaluated. Drying was conducted in two drying temperatures (140 ?C to 150 ?C) and two concentrations of Arabic gum (AG, 15% and 25%), which summed four experimental groups. The drying performance was evaluated as well as the physicochemical characteristics (moisture, water activity, total soluble solids, pH, density, solubility, particle diameter, hygroscopicity, degree of caking, color, scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction), composition (protein, ash, fat and sugars) and bioactive and functional value (total phenolic compounds, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity) of the final products. Results showed spray drying efficiency higher than 65% for all experiments, mainly for the C4 group (150 ?C and 25% AG) which reached efficiency of 93.4%. It was also observed high solubility (94.7% to 97.9%) and the groups with lower hygroscopicity (5.8% and 6.5%) were those with the highest proportion of drying coadjuvant. The particle diameters ranged between 14.7 μm and 30.2 μm and increased with the proportion of AG. When comparing the product before and after spray drying, the drying impact was evident. However, despite the observed losses, dried yellow cashew showed high phenolic concentration (from 235.9 to 380.4 mg GAE eq / 100 g DM), carotenoids between 0.22 and 0.49 mg/100 g DM and remarkable ascorbic acid levels (852.4 to 1346.2 mg/100 g DM), in addition to antioxidant activity ranging from 12.9 to 16.4 μmol TE/ g DM. The shelf life study revealed decreased phenolic content over time associated to a slight water activity increase. Overall, our results unveil the technological and bioactive potential of dried yellow cashew as a functional ingredient to be used in food formulations or as a ready-to-use product. The technological approach presented here can serve as an efficient strategy for a rational use of the cashew apple, avoiding its current underutilization / Apesar da cadeia do caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) relativamente organizada e da diversidade de derivados encontrados no mercado a partir dessa fruta tropical, estima-se que mais de 90% do ped?nculo seja desperdi?ado. Uma poss?vel estrat?gia de aproveitamento comercial do ped?nculo seria utiliz?-lo para a produ??o de polpa de caju desidratada, por meio da secagem em spray. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho aborda o processo de spray drying da polpa de caju amarelo e o estudo do produto final. A partir disso, a vida de prateleira do produto obtido acondicionado em diferentes embalagens foi avaliada. A secagem foi conduzida em duas temperaturas de secagem (140 oC e 150 ?C) e duas concentra??es de goma ar?bica (GA, 15% e 25%), constituindo assim, quatro grupos experimentais. O rendimento da secagem foi avaliado, bem como as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas (umidade, atividade de ?gua, s?lidos sol?veis totais, pH, densidade, solubilidade, di?metro de part?cula, higroscopicidade, grau de caking, cor, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e difra??o de raios X (DRX)), composi??o (prote?na, cinzas, gordura e a??cares) e valor bioativo e funcional (compostos fen?licos totais, carotenoides, ?cido asc?rbico, e atividade antioxidante) dos produtos finais. Os resultados mostram que todos os ensaios apresentaram ?timo rendimento de secagem, com valores superiores a 65% em todos os ensaios, com destaque para o grupo C4 (150 ?C e 25% GA) que alcan?ou 93,4%. Observou-se tamb?m que os p?s apresentaram alta solubilidade (94,7% a 97,9%) e os grupos com menor higroscopicidade (5,8% e 6,5%) foram aqueles com maior propor??o de coadjuvante. O di?metro das part?culas variou entre 14,7 μm e 30,2 μm, aumentando com a propor??o de GA. Ao se comparar o produto antes e ap?s a secagem por spray, ficou claro o impacto da secagem. No entanto, apesar das perdas observadas, os p?s de caju apresentaram elevada concentra??o fen?lica (235,9 a 380,4 mg GAE eq/100 g MS), carotenoides entre 0,22 e 0,49 mg/100 g MS e consider?vel teor de ?cido asc?rbico (852,4 a 1346,2 mg/100 g MS), al?m de apreci?vel atividade antioxidante 12,9 a 16,4 μmol Trolox Eq/g MS. O estudo de vida de prateleira revelou decr?scimo do conte?do de fen?licos das amostras, al?m de ligeiro ganho de atividade de ?gua. Os resultados avaliados em conjunto mostram o potencial tecnol?gico e bioativo dos p?s de caju amarelo como ingrediente funcional a ser utilizado em formula??es aliment?cias ou como produto pronto para reconstitui??o. A rota tecnol?gica aqui apresentada pode servir como eficiente estrat?gia para melhor utiliza??o do ped?nculo de caju, evitando o alto desperd?cio desse material que se observa atualmente

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