The doctoral thesis deals with the cost rationalization in the process of small electric machines production. The rationalization can be done on two different levels: technical and economic. The doctoral thesis is divided into two parts, each focusing on the particular level and describing the production processes in which it is possible to optimize the costs. The main part of the doctor thesis concentrates on the economic side of the problém. It presents and analyses the origin of the costs, their identification and classification.Production costs specification and calculation are analysed. Due to the fact that there are many possibilities of optimal production cost calculations used in the process of small electric machines production, much attention is devoted to possibile calculation methods and calculation formulas.