[EN] In 1914, the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) designed and started to build a wooden house on the steep hillside of Lake Eidsvatnet in Skjolden, Norway. In this small village, Wittgenstein had found the required peace to work on logic. But their plans to settle in Norway were cut short by the outbreak of World War I and he only occupied the house in some visits throughout his life, the last of them only five months before his death in Cambridge. Nevertheless, the House of Skjolden was central to Wittgenstein's thinking development and the only place he really felt capable of working. To date, the relationship between Wittgenstein and architecture was limited to the 1929's house of Vienna for his sister Margaret, built in collaboration with the architect Paul Engelmann. This thesis develops for the first time the project of the only one house that the philosopher thought and built for himself, certifies its ethical commitment to architecture, reclassified as Loos did vernacular architecture and presents elements that anticipate solutions that he would apply in the house of Vienna. / [ES] En 1914, el filósofo Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) proyectó e inició la construcción de una casa de madera en la escarpada ladera del lago Eidsvatnet en Skjolden, Noruega. En esa pequeña villa, Wittgenstein había encontrado la tranquilidad necesaria para trabajar en lógica. Sin embargo sus planes de instalarse en Noruega se vieron truncados por el estallido de la Primera Guerra Mundial y sólo ocupó la casa en algunas visitas a lo largo de su vida, la última de ellas cinco meses antes de morir en Cambridge. Pese a ello, la casa de Skjolden fue central en el desarrollo del pensamiento de Wittgenstein y el único lugar en el que de verdad se sintió capaz de trabajar. Hasta hoy, la relación entre Wittgenstein y la arquitectura se había limitado a la casa de Viena que construyó para su hermana Margaret en 1929 en colaboración con el arquitecto Paul Engelmann. Esta tesis desarrolla por primera vez el proyecto de la única casa que el filósofo pensó y construyó para sí mismo, certifica su compromiso ético con la arquitectura, recalifica como hiciera Loos, la arquitectura vernácula y plantea elementos que anticipan soluciones que aplicaría años más tarde en la casa de Viena. / [CA] En 1914, el filòsof Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) va projectar i va iniciar la construcció d'una casa de fusta a l'escarpada vessant del llac Eidsvatnet a Skjolden, Noruega. En aquest xicotet poble, Wittgenstein havia trobat la tranquil·litat necessària per treballar en lògica. No obstant això, els seus plans d'instal·lar-se a Noruega es van veure truncats per l'esclat de la Primera Guerra Mundial i només va ocupar la casa en algunes visites al llarg de la seva vida, l'última només cinc mesos abans de morir a Cambridge. Malgrat això, la casa de Skjolden va ser central en el desenvolupament del pensament de Wittgenstein i l'únic lloc en què de veritat es va sentir capaç de treballar. Fins avui, la relació entre Wittgenstein i l'arquitectura s'havia limitat a la casa de Viena que va construir el 1929 junt a l'arquitecte Paul Engelmann per a la seua germana Margaret. Aquesta tesi desenvolupa per primera vegada el projecte de l'única casa que el filòsof va pensar i va construir per a si mateix, certifica el seu compromís ètic amb l'arquitectura, requalifica, com va fer Loos, l'arquitectura vernacla i planteja elements que anticipen solucions que aplicaria més endavant a la casa de Viena. / Clemente Quintana, E. (2015). EL PROYECTO DE LA CASA DE LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN EN SKJOLDEN, NORUEGA [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/56462

Yes / OBJECTIVES: Variation in plasma hormone levels influences the neurobiology of brain regions involved in cognition and emotion processing. Fluctuations in hormone levels across the menstrual cycle could therefore alter cognitive performance and wellbeing; reports have provided conflicting results, however. The aim of this study was to assess whether objective assessment of cognitive performance and self-reported wellbeing during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle is feasible and investigate the possible reasons for variation in effects previously reported. METHODS: The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to assess the cognitive performance and wellbeing of 12 women. Data were analysed by self-reported and hormone-estimated phases of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Recruitment to the study and assessment of cognition and wellbeing was without issue. Plasma hormone and peptide estimation showed substantial individual variation and suggests inaccuracy in self-reported menstrual phase estimation. CONCLUSION: Objective assessment of cognitive performance and self-assessed wellbeing across the menstrual cycle is feasible. Grouping data by hormonal profile rather by self-reported phase estimation may influence phase-mediated results. Future studies should use plasma hormone and peptide profiles to estimate cycle phase and group data for analyses.

Cette thèse se concentre sur la production d’Ada Cambridge (1844 – 1926) et de Mary Fortune (1833 – 1909), deux écrivaines coloniales australiennes aujourd’hui méconnues mais très populaires au cours de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Nous nous intéressons à la représentation de l’expérience coloniale de ces femmes ayant quitté le Royaume-Uni pour l’Australie ainsi qu’à la manière dont leurs récits, majoritairement publiés dans des journaux, agirent sur le statut des femmes dans la société coloniale. Plus spécifiquement, nous étudions leur expérience en tant qu’écrivaines, c’est-à-dire le contexte de production et de réception de leurs récits, ainsi que leur représentation de la différence culturelle et de la différence de genre. Le corpus étudié contient des textes issus des archives littéraires australiennes, notamment des romans-feuilletons, nouvelles et articles de journalisme publiés dans des journaux de l’époque coloniale comme The Australian Journal, The Age et The Australasian. En inscrivant ces textes dans leur contexte historique, cette thèse révèle leur importance dans le contexte social de leur époque tout en mettant en lumière les choix littéraires de ces écrivaines, longtemps délaissées par une vision nationaliste et masculiniste de l’histoire de la littérature australienne. Cette thèse a ainsi deux objectifs principaux : enrichir notre connaissance de l’expérience coloniale australienne en prenant en compte des récits méconnus et étudier la poétique des oeuvres d’Ada Cambridge et de Mary Fortune au regard de leur contexte de production afin de réévaluer ces récits ainsi que leur place dans l’histoire littéraire australienne. / This thesis deals with the works of Ada Cambridge (1844 – 1926) and Mary Fortune (1833 – 1909), two Australian colonial women writers who have been neglected and long forgotten, yet who were very popular in the nineteenth century. It focuses on how these women, who left the United Kingdom to settle in Australia, represent their colonial experience, as well as on the influence of their narratives, mostly published in newspapers, on women’s status in the colonial society. More precisely, it is a study of their experience as women writers, a study that includes the context of production and reception of their work as well as their respective representations of cultural and gender difference in the Australian colonies. This analysis includes texts previously buried in the Australian literary archives, such as serial novels, short stories and press articles published in colonial newspapers such as The Australian Journal, The Age, and The Australasian. By inscribing these texts in their historical context, this thesis reveals their importance in the social context of their time and reconsiders the literary choices of these writers, long decried by the dominant nationalist and masculinist vision of Australian literary history and criticism. This thesis thus has two main objectives: developing our knowledge of the Australian colonial experience by taking into account little known or unknown narratives, and studying the poetics of Ada Cambridge’s and Mary Fortune’s narratives in the light of their production context in order to reassess these texts as well as their place in Australian literary history.

Il presente lavoro mira a collocare il pensiero di Henry Sidgwick (1838-1900) sul diritto alla libertà all'interno del background culturale inglese dell'epoca tardo-vittoriana, dedicando una particolare attenzione ad un confronto con la speculazione, il metodo ed i risultati ottenuti di due eminenti filosofi della medesima generazione, Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882) e Herbert Spencer (1820-1903). / The study aims to connect the thought of Henry Sidgwick (1838-1900) about liberty with British intellectual background of the late-Victorian age, paying a special attention to a comparison of it with the philosophy, the methods and goals of two important philosophers of his generation, Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882) e Herbert Spencer (1820-1903).

Insomni och depression är psykiatriska åkommor som idag drabbar många människor. Forskning har visat att det råder en stor samsjuklighet mellan diagnoserna där många drabbade lider av samtidig insomni och depression vilket utgör en stor belastning för den enskilde individen. Patienter rapporterar ofta en negativ påverkan på kognitiva funktioner, bland annat minnessvårigheter och problem med koncentration och uppmärksamhet. Inom forskningen råder det i dagsläget en osäkerhet kring vilka kognitiva nedsättningar som karakteriserar personer med dessa diagnoser och på vilka sätt de skiljer sig åt. Det finns också ett behov av att undersöka vilken roll kognitiv förmåga spelar för människors möjlighet att tillgodogöra sig psykologisk behandling. I föreliggande studie var syftet att undersöka dessa båda områden. Resultaten visade inte på några signifikanta skillnader mellan personer med insomni, personer med depression och personer med det komorbida tillståndet avseende kognitiva funktioner, när det mättes genom test av uppmärksamhet, arbetsminne och exekutiva funktioner. Däremot framkom vissa samband mellan arbetsminne och förbättring av upplevda sömnbesvär, liksom mellan förmåga till bibehållen uppmärksamhet och förbättring av depressionssymtom. Vidare forskning med större och jämnare urvalsgrupper behövs för att undersöka stabiliteten i dessa fynd.

No description available.

Existing research on the foraging ecology and breeding biology of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great tits(Parus major) has mainly concentrated on populations in woodland. However increasing urbanisation means much of the suitable tit habitat is represented by fragmented areas, not large woodlands, and little is known about factors that may affect reproductive success in urban environments. Using General and Generalised Linear Models this study compared reproductive performance in four habitat types with differing levels of habitat modification: the Cambridge University Botanic Garden (CUBG) with an abundance of non-native vegetation and structural fragmentation, two marginal sites with native scrubby vegetation and structural fragmentation and small fragments and large fragments of native woodland. Compositional analysis was used in a study focused on how foraging blue tits used the heterogeneous habitat of the CUBG. Additionally frequency tests were used to compare foraging preferences and foraging behaviours of both species in the CUBG. Productivity was poor in the CUBG compared to all of the other habitats, with great tits appearing to do worse than blue tits, rearing lower quality chicks (significantly lower mean mass than in other habitats). Within the CUBG, positive relationships were found between the abundance of native trees and shrubs and breeding success for both blue tits and great tits. A positive relationship was found between breeding success in blue tits and the abundance of Quercus and Betula. However, habitat and year interactions showed that habitat and reproductive relationships were complicated by annual variation. The two species differed in their foraging preferences in the CUBG; blue tits were observed feeding in native deciduous trees significantly more than in non-native species and had a preference for birch trees over other taxa. Great tits however showed no strong preferences for any of the habitat types. With regards to foraging behaviours, great tits used a wider range of foraging heights and different foraging locations and capture techniques than blue tits. Blue tits were observed‘hanging’ from twigs more frequently, and appeared to be more effective at foraging in the wider variety of plants available in the heterogeneous vegetation of the garden. The data presented in this thesis suggest that blue tits have adopted a better foraging strategy by preferentially choosing native deciduous trees over the abundance of non-natives available in the CUBG. However, despite the apparent better foraging strategy of blue tits, reproductive performance of both species is poor in this urban garden compared to marginal sites and woodland. Urbanisation and the associated loss of optimal tit habitat are likely to continue. It is therefore important to offset urbanisation by the addition of appropriate foraging habitats that are likely to improve reproductive success, such as native trees and shrubs.

The syllabus in natural philosophy and mathematics was radically changed in the course of the sixteenth century with new subjects, textbooks and methods introduced. Education became more practical and less dependent on medieval antecedents. Printing technology improved textbooks and made it possible to replace them with newer versions. Following sweeping syllabus reform around 1500, the Cambridge Master of Arts course was heavily slanted towards humanism. The old scholastic textbooks were rejected and replaced with modern authors. The purpose of natural philosophy was explicitly to illuminate the providential work of the creator, especially through natural history (a newly developing subject in the sixteenth century thanks to newly translated and promulgated Greek texts) where examples of God's work were there for all to see. Oxford remained wedded to scholastic texts although the trivium was reformed along humanistic lines. Cromwell's visitors in 1535 outlawed scholasticism by decree but gave little indication of the alternative (their white list stipulating only Aristotle). The solution adopted by the Oxford masters was to import the Cambridge syllabus and textbooks wholesale. When the evangelical regime of Edward VI reformed the universities in 1549, the humanist natural philosophy syllabus was adjudged appropriate, especially those parts promoted by Philip Melanchthon at the University of Wittenberg. However, the visitors' background at court meant they valued ethics and politics more highly. The Reformation itself left natural philosophy largely unaffected although the barrier preventing Catholics from entering clerical careers after 1558 appears to have encouraged some to remain philosophers. In mathematics, the 1549 visitation was highly significant. Cambridge University's initiative in 1500 in employing a university lecturer in the subject was in danger of stagnating due to inappropriate appointments. However, John Cheke's statutes in 1549 promoted the use of modern textbooks of practical arithmetic, finance and surveying useful to the centralised Tudor state. He also introduced the new subject of geography as a result of his contacts at court with merchants and explorers. The thesis concludes that during the second half of the sixteenth century,English students could expect a mathematical and philosophical education comparable to that of their Italian peers. This was sufficient to provide graduates with the knowledge they needed to carry these subjects forward in the seventeenth century.

Thesis. 1976. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Rotch. / Bibliography: leaf 38. / by David R. Mayner. / M.Arch.

Thesis. 1976. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Rotch. / Bibliography: leaf 7. / by Jean-Pierre Carniaux. / M.Arch.