Las principales crisis financieras del siglo XX han generado distintos mecanismos de respuesta para regular el sistema financiero de modo que se puedan evitar. Para ello, han diseñado instrumentos normativos, como los acuerdos del New Deal, Breton Woods, o instrumentos metodológicos como la metodología CAMELS. El presente artículo explora las principales posturas encontradas sobre la evolución, adaptación y utilización de la metodología CAMELS en distintos mercados financieros publicadas en distintas publicaciones realizadas en un marco temporal comprendido, principalmente, entre los años 2014-2020, y publicaciones anteriores que analizan en profundidad periodos de crisis financieras y bancarias a nivel mundial. Con este propósito, se han delineado cinco objetivos. En un primer momento, se determina el recorrido histórico de su desarrollo y adaptación, la aplicación en distintos mercados de América, Europa, Asia y Oriente medio. Por otro lado, se analizan los factores que determinan su manejo, mientras que en la cuarta sección se evalúa cómo uno de sus componentes adquiere un valor sobre los otros. Otro objetivo que se persigue es entender cómo algunos reforzadores de cada componente mejoran su manejo y cuál es el impacto que la aplicación de este método tiene. Por último, se busca revisar cuáles son otros métodos similares que tienen una finalidad en común. Las principales conclusiones que se desprenden es que no hay un consenso respecto a un único manejo de este método, pues es flexible de acuerdo con las necesidades de cada mercado financiero en el que se aplica. Sin embargo, todas las fuentes exploradas coinciden en que es uno de los métodos más utilizados de supervisión financiera, sino el más importante. / Financial crisis originated trough XX Century impulsed different instruments as response to regulate the financial system in order to avoid a future similar scenario. Because of this purpose, governments and economists have designed both different prescriptive instrument, such as New Deal’ Roosevelt, Breton Woods, and methodologic instruments as CAMEL Methodology. This paper explores main points of view found about evolution, adaptation and application of CAMEL Methodology on diverse financial markets published in different journals among the 2014-2020 periods. Five objectives have made in order to describe all these areas. First, an historic frame is determinate to recognize the evolve and adaptivity of this economic instrument, as the way about how is applied in different financial markets like America, Europe, Asia and Middle East. Besides, factors that model its application are analyzed, whereas in the fourth section is explored how one of its six components result an element with a better value than other. A different chapter is focused to understand how several financial enhancers improve the performance of each CAMEL component and what is the real impact of this method in the valuation of an economic market. The last aim pursued is describe another two methods commonly used by credit rating agencies. Principle conclusions are two. There is not consensus about a unique application of this method, due to is flexible to each financial market requires where is used. Nevertheless, all explored sources in this paper agree to put on CAMEL as one of the most financial inspection instruments used ever, but the most important, perhaps. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

This thesis studies Tang sancai, a multi-coloured lead-glaze ceramic decorated ware which emerged in the Tang dynasty (AD 618 - AD 907), attaining mass production in the middle of the Tang era and declining towards its end. It examines the functions of sancai in its different aspects, namely as burial objects, as containers for ritual offerings and as architectural material. I argue that Tang sancai ware as burial objects were employed exclusively by the Tang imperial and elite families. The approach to my argument is made, in a first stage, through the observation of the physical locations of tombs that contained Tang sancai wares to demonstrate that these tombs belonged to the Tang imperial and elite family members. In a further step, I bring up two Tang decrees which laid down regulations for burials, to indicate that there was a strict hierarchical system for the allocation and utilization of burial land. These two Tang texts enable us to establish that the tombs located around the area of the imperial tombs belonged to the Tang officials and elite, and therefore not to ordinary people. In addition, the study I undertake of the structure of the tombs, with layout and organization mirroring palatial environments, reinforces my argument to that end. Lastly, I look at the cost of production of Tang sancai showing that it was higher than that of unglazed ceramics and that, consequently, sancai wares were, from an economical point of view, inaccessible to the common people. This thesis also reflects on the agency of Tang sancai, considering its aesthetic qualities and its suitability in the functions for which it served, as a force in engaging the viewers. The lasting debate on whether Tang sancai utensil-shaped wares were used for everyday eating and drinking is dealt with in this thesis by carefully examining the locations of the shards that were excavated at the sites of imperial palaces. My research enables to point out that this data is not sufficient to ascertain that this type of Tang sancai was used as daily wares. On the contrary, on the grounds that these locations were the places where ritual performances took place, I argue that sancai utensil wares were used as presentation containers for ritual performances. In the absence of records in Tang texts which could have informed about the relationship between Tang sancai and religious practice, I borrow an evidence from Japan, in the form of the hand-brush writing on a couple of Nara sancai dishes, which were copies of Tang sancai made in Japan during the time of Tang, mentioning that these vessels were specifically for use for ritual ceremonies. Furthermore, on the basis of analyses made on lead-glazed ware, some scholars assert that such ware is poisonous and could not have been used to contain food or drink, as much as no evidence exists to show that ancient Chinese had used lead-glazed wares for that purpose. This leads to the clarification that Tang sancai utensil-shaped wares were not produced for everyday use, their purpose having actually been to serve as vessels for offerings in rituals. I further observe that this connection between sancai and ritual-themed objects, initiated by the Tang, has in fact pervaded through the succeeding dynasties affirming its role in religious ceremonials. Finally, this thesis also looks at Tang sancai as an architectural material to show that it was skillfully used in decorating buildings, not only as tiles and tile-ends, but also as large-sized roof ornaments. The research reveals, in the process, the possible dates when sancai architectural material started to be used popularly during the Tang era.