Som tandhygienist är det mycket intressant att studera karies-epidemiologiska undersökningar på både nationell och internationell nivå. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva och jämföra kariesstatus (DMFT) hos 12-åringar i Sverige och Irak, och några av de faktorer som kan påverka DMFT komponenternas roll och inverkan.För att besvara syftet användes information från litteratur och tidskrifter samt WHO:s databas om länderna. Resultatet visar att DMFT för 12-åringar i Irak var 1.7 (2003) och i Sverige 1.0 (2005). DT-komponenten, d.v.s. obehandlad karies, var hög hos irakiska barn medan FT- komponenten var hög för danska barn (inga data tillgängliga för Sverige). DMFT-medelvärde, sockerkonsumtion, ekonomiska resurser för tandvård, antal tandvårdpersonal och fluorprogram var mycket olika i Sverige och Irak, men differensen i DMFT var ändå inte markant. / As a dental hygienist it is relevant to study caries epidemiological studies on both national and international levels. The purpose of this literature study has been to describe and compare dental caries status (DMFT) of 12 years olds in Sweden and Iraq and the factors underlying the DMFT and DMFT components and facilitating role. To achieve the objective information from scientific literature and publications, and data from WHO database on these countries were used. Results showed that the DMFT for 12 year olds in Iraq and Sweden was 1.7(2003), 1.0 (2005) respectively. DT component was high among Iraqi children (untreated caries) while the FT component was high in Denmark, (no data was available for Sweden). DMFT mean, sugar consumption, economic resources for dental care, number of dental health professionals, and fluoride applications were very different in Sweden and Iraq, yet DMFT difference was not marked and serious.

This dissertation focuses attention on the trends in secondary school education globally, with the Zambia backdrop providing a platform for a comparative study of the global scenario. Research results reveal that analysis of education planning and the process of policy formulation may be hinged on different ideological, economic, technological and social premises. Shifts in regimes and ideologies have often left behind paradigm shifts and discontinuities in the educational sectors of countries. The processes of globalisation and internal accommodation of national forces have conjoined to impact heavily on educational policies. Be it in commandist Russia or neo-liberal USA, there. has always been the felt need to use education planning as a leverage to score multiple points, including the gaining of national competitive advantage on the frontiers of knowledge and intelligence. There is strong evidence in this dissertation to suggest that exhaustive policy analysis is cardinal to the successful implementation of education policies in Zambia, more especially in this post-modern age of information sharing / Public Administration and Management / M. Admin. (Public Administration)

This dissertation focuses attention on the trends in secondary school education globally, with the Zambia backdrop providing a platform for a comparative study of the global scenario. Research results reveal that analysis of education planning and the process of policy formulation may be hinged on different ideological, economic, technological and social premises. Shifts in regimes and ideologies have often left behind paradigm shifts and discontinuities in the educational sectors of countries. The processes of globalisation and internal accommodation of national forces have conjoined to impact heavily on educational policies. Be it in commandist Russia or neo-liberal USA, there. has always been the felt need to use education planning as a leverage to score multiple points, including the gaining of national competitive advantage on the frontiers of knowledge and intelligence. There is strong evidence in this dissertation to suggest that exhaustive policy analysis is cardinal to the successful implementation of education policies in Zambia, more especially in this post-modern age of information sharing / Public Administration and Management / M. Admin. (Public Administration)

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Lopes Vieira.pdf: 614513 bytes, checksum: 24f9b30101d81b3840014d51720119ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-03 / The main objective of this study comprises the analysis of the distribution of municipal income per capita in the Paraná state, in the period 1999-2006. Economy that arises as the fifth most expressive of Brazil, is characterized by a reasonable rent for domestic and large regional disparities. This last feature has motivated this study, which sought to verify the occurrence of convergence of per capita income among the municipalities. For this venture, we used the AEDE and spatial econometric model for panel data with fixed effects, estimated by MQO, using the computer program GeoDa. We used four proxies of explanatory variables which: Productive Capital, Human Capital, Natural Capital and the natural logarithm Neperiano of GDP per capita and the dependent variable, the growth rate of GDP per capita municipal. It was evident that some factors potentiate the process of local economic growth, there is the productive capital, that among the variables, played a major positive role. Human Capital already had secondary importance, and Natural Capital, did not appreciably affect growth. The results also showed that spatiality has proved extremely important factor for the Parana s economy, suggesting that the economic performance of a particular locality, in general, is directly influenced by the performance of its neighbors. It should also be noted that even municipalities sharing some common characteristics, idiosyncrasies and potential sites have played key role in the growth rates. In short, the analysis revealed that the disparities in per capita income tended to decrease between the Parana s municipal economies, in a context established, evidenced the occurrence of convergence of per capita income, either absolutely or conditionally, demonstrating that economic development is tending to spread state by geographic areas. However, it is estimated they would need nearly 59 years for the differences in income per capita municipal reached the half-life, which characterizes the need for public politics aimed at reducing these disparities, since the convergence even tending to occur, is quite slow between the municipalities of Paraná. / O objetivo principal deste estudo compreende a análise da distribuição municipal de renda per capita do Estado do Paraná, no período de 1999-2006. Economia que se coloca como a 5a mais expressiva do Brasil, é caracterizada pela razoável renda relativa e grandes disparidades regionais internas. Esta última particularidade motivou este estudo, o qual buscou verificar a ocorrência da convergência de renda per capita entre os municípios do Estado. Para esta empreitada utilizou-se a AEDE e a modelagem econométrica espacial para dados de painel com efeitos fixos, estimada por MQO, através do programa computacional GeoDa. Foram empregadas 4 proxies de variáveis explicativas sendo: Capital Produtivo, Capital Humano, Capital Natural e o logaritmo neperiano do PIB per capita, e como variável dependente, a taxa de crescimento do PIB per capita municipal. Evidenciou-se que alguns fatores potencializam o processo de crescimento econômico municipal, destaca-se o Capital Produtivo, que dentre as variáveis analisadas, desempenhou o principal papel positivo. Já o Capital Humano apresentou importância secundária, e o Capital Natural, praticamente não influenciou o crescimento. Os resultados também apontam que a espacialidade se mostrou fator extremamente importante para a economia paranaense, sugerindo que o desempenho econômico de uma determinada localidade, de modo geral, é influenciado diretamente pelo desempenho de seus vizinhos. Deve ser destacado também, que mesmo os municípios compartilhando de algumas características comuns, as idiossincrasias e potencialidades locais desempenharam papel fundamental para o crescimento destes. Em suma, as análises revelaram que as disparidades quanto à renda per capita apresentaram tendência de redução entre as economias municipais paranaenses, ou seja, dada a conjuntura estabelecida, ficou evidenciado a ocorrência do processo de convergência de renda per capita, tanto absoluta quanto condicional, demonstrando que o desenvolvimento econômico está tendendo a se disseminar pelos espaços geográficos estaduais. No entanto, estima-se que precisariam quase 59 anos para que as diferenças de renda per capita municipais atingissem a half-life, o que caracteriza a necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas à redução destas disparidades regionais, visto que a convergência mesmo tendendo a ocorrer, é bastante lenta entre os municípios paranaenses.

The thesis deals with the issues of financing the regional school system (schools established by regions, municipalities or associations of municipalities) in all regions of the Czech Republic from the state budget with respect to particular types of schools (kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools) and in accordance with applicable regulations and the ways proposed by the Ministry of Education. It also mentions potential future prospects. The thesis is based on the conclusions of Educational Policy Strategy of the Czech Republic till 2020, which prefers stability and greater predictability in financing the education policy. The thesis compares the regional per capita amounts for individual types of schools, calculated according to the current method of financing, with the Conceptual Reform Plan for Financing the Regional Education System, issued by the Ministry of Education in 2011. The aim of the thesis is to decide (through the analysis and critical evaluation of the results obtained) which funding system appears to be preferable and fairer for particular types of schools. The results of the research could potentially be used for making comparisons with the newly prepared reforms of financing the regional education system.

博士(経済学) / 乙第429号 / vii, 140, [137]p / 一橋大学

DEd (Educational Management) / Department of Educational Management / The study investigated the effectiveness of information collected through the SASAMS form in the Department of Basic Education in John Taolo Gaetsewe District in the Northern Cape. The research adopted the two research paradigms, namely, positivism and interpretivism. The research is situated within theories of leadership and organizational effectiveness. The mixed methods research design was used in this study. The study used the survey, interviews, documentary analysis and observation as research methods. The population comprised 171 schools in John Taolo Gaetsewe District. A simple random sampling procedure was employed to get a sample of 30 schools comprised 240 teachers, 3 teacher union representatives and 5 school governing body (SGB) members. Purposive sampling technique was also employed to choose 6 school principals and two EMIS Unit personnel. Qualitative data was generated through interviews, observation and documentary analysis. A survey was administered to obtain quantitative data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used for statistical information. Grounded theory was also employed, and it further provided a descriptive framework which assists in the understanding of a phenomenon that was being investigated. It was established that there were big disparities between enrolment figures declared and the actual ones that prevailed in schools. The study recommends that Circuit District Offices should constantly check and monitor the existence and maintenance of data source documents in schools in order that correct enrolment figures are maintained in schools at all times to enable effective planning processes. The SA-SAMS form should also incorporate a mechanism for detecting ‘ghost personnel’ and ‘ghost learners.’ The study further recommends the linking of HRMS and SA-SAMS tools to play complimentary roles so as to curb malpractices bedeviling the DBE. Additionally, the DBE should consider revising the policy where schools are allowed to factor in a 10% enrolment increase as it creates a good foundation for data falsification by unscrupulous officials. / NRF

This study analysed the effects of international trade on human development in two developing regions, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The choice of comparing SADC and ASEAN is motivated by the many similarities between both regions half a century ago, and the stark divergence of their respective development pathways which has led to different development outcomes half a century later. Annual data from 2000 to 2018 and dynamic panel data econometric techniques were used in this study, controlling for individual country characteristics, endogeneity, serial correlation, heterocedasticity and interdependencies between the countries in each region. Two estimations were done in this study; sample wide estimations and country specific estimations. In the sample wide estimations the Generalised Method of Moments of Arellano and Bover (1995) with forward orthogonal deviations, and Feasible Generalised Least Squares of Parks (1967) and Kmenta (1986) were used, whilst Swamy’s Random Coefficients were used in the country specific estimations. Trade is measured using the current account balance as a percentage of GDP, whilst human development is captured by the United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI). In the sample wide estimations, the study found that trade openness enhances human development for both SADC and ASEAN as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). Gross fixed capital formation, economic growth and technological progress all had positive effects on human development in both regions. Unemployment had a counter intuitive positive effect on human development. This raises issues on the nature and quality of employment, including concerns on cheap production labour and vulnerable employment. The ASEAN region had a higher mean level of economic growth, a trade surplus and higher level of technological progress than SADC. This is consistent with the manufacturing focus of ASEAN, compared to the primary commodity exporting nature of SADC which had a trade deficit. However, in each region there were country specific differences in terms of what drives human development. The country specific disparities in drivers of human development have implications for the regional trade and development nexus. In particular, these disparities must be considered in the conceptualization and implementation of the SADC Industrialisation and Strategy Roadmap, and the most recent African Continental Free Trade Area. The policy implication is that such regional trade agreements should accommodate countries’ specific heterogeneity as the policy pathways will differ between countries. / Business Management / D. Phil. (Management Studies)

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar los factores que influyeron en el desarrollo de la demanda turística de los principales países para el Perú, durante el periodo 1996-2018. El objetivo principal es confirmar si el PBI per cápita de los turistas internacionales, la apertura comercial y el tipo de cambio real, influyen positivamente en los turistas internacionales al momento de realizar un viaje al Perú. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis de los principales países que representan la mayor demanda turística para el Perú, los cuales representan más del 60%. Asimismo, se ha usado un modelo de data panel dinámico; sometiéndose el mismo a pruebas previas de verificación de datos, para dar veracidad al modelo. El presente trabajo de investigación posee un enfoque cuantitativo, basado en información de fuentes secundarias. Por otra parte, como forma complementaria, se realizaron entrevistas a expertos en el turismo para poder tener un panorama más amplio sobre el tema y así realizar un trabajo más enriquecedor. Según los resultados obtenidos del modelo, se evidencia que existe una relación estructural obtenida, lo cual brinda una relación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre las variables explicativas PBI per cápita y apertura comercial. Finalmente, la variable tipo de cambio real si bien es cierto no constituye una variables explicativa, si adopta al modelo en su rol de forma logarítmica como una variable determinística, es decir es excluida de las elasticidades a largo plazo pero cumple su rol de establecer tendencia que siguen las demás variables. / The main objective of this research is to analyze the factors that influenced the development of tourism demand in the main countries for Peru during the period 1996-2018. The main objective is to confirm whether the GDP per capita of international tourists, trade opening and the real exchange rate, positively influence international tourists when making a trip to Peru. To this end, an analysis has been carried out of the main countries representing the highest tourism demand for Peru, which represent more than 60 %. A dynamic data panel model has also been used; it is submitted to previous data verification tests to give the model accuracy. This research has a quantitative approach, based on information from secondary sources. Moreover, as a complementary form, interviews were conducted with tourism experts in order to have a broader picture on the subject and thus to carry out a more enriching work. According to the results obtained from the model, it is evident that there is a structural relationship obtained, which provides a positive and statistically significant relationship between the explanatory variables GDP per capita and trade opening. Finally, the real exchange rate variable while true does not constitute an explanatory variable, if it adopts the model in its role logarithmically as a deterministic variable, that is, it is excluded from long-term elasticities but fulfills its role in establishing trends that follow the other variables. / Tesis

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