• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Histoire évolutive et patrons de sélection d’un gène codant un peptide antimicrobien chez deux annélides extrémophiles : le ver côtier Capitella capitata et le ver hydrothermal Alvinella pompejana / Molecular evolution of two antimicrobial peptides encoding genes characterized from extremophile annelids : the hydrothermal worm Alvinella pompejana and the coastal annelid Capitella spp

Papot, Claire 20 December 2017 (has links)
Les peptides antimicrobiens (PAMs) font partie intégrante du système immunitaire inné de la plupart des organismes en constituant une première ligne de défense contre un large éventail d'agents pathogènes et peuvent également être impliqués dans le contrôle et/ou le confinement de la microflore symbiotique. Le but de cette thèse était d'étudier l'évolution moléculaire de deux gènes codant pour deux précurseurs protéiques de PAMs (preprocapitellacine et preproalvinellacine) caractérisés chez deux annélides extrémophiles : le ver côtier Capitella spp (Cc) et le ver hydrothermal Alvinella pompejana (Ap). Ces précurseurs à partir desquels sont maturés les PAM présentent une structure typique des protéines à BRICHOS: un peptide signal, une propiece, un domaine chaperon BRICHOS et un peptide en épingle à cheveux beta (ici le PAM). Les résultats ont montrés que le même type de mécanismes pourrait co-exister entre les deux taxons annélides étudiés pour promouvoir et maintenir la diversité génétique des deux effecteurs immunitaires dans les différents domaines des précurseurs protéiques (duplication, recombinaison, sélection positive, introgression). Une différence majeure peut être mise en évidence dans la région du PAM qui est monomorphe (sélection purifiante) pour Ap et polymorphe pour Cc. Ceci serait dû à l'absolue nécessité de cultiver une communauté épibiotique hautement spécialisée et obligatoire pour le ver hydrothermal malgré des conditions abiotiques très fluctuantes alors que les espèces côtières de Capitella spp évoluent dans un environnement pathogène dans lequel la diversification de l'arsenal immunitaire constitue un avantage pour renforcer leur potentiel défensif. / Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are integral components of the innate immune system of most organisms in which they provide an early and a first line of defense against a wide range of microbial and microeukaryotic agents. They are also known to shape and control the symbiotic microflora. The aim of this thesis was to study the molecular evolution of two antimicrobial peptides encoding the genes: preproalvinellacin and preprocapitellacin that have been characterized from two annelids: the coastal species Capitella spp (Cc) and the hydrothermal species Alvinella pompejana (Ap). These precursors from which are matured the AMPs alvinellacin and capitellacin, display an original structure of a BRICHOS chaperon: a signal peptide, a propiece, a BRICHOS domain and a beta hairpin peptide (here the AMP). Results show that the same kind of mechanisms might co-occur between the two distinct annelid taxa to promote and maintain genetic diversity for both immune effectors in the precursor domains (duplication, recombination, positive selection, introgression). One major difference can be highlighted in the AMP region that is strictly monomorphic for the Ap species (purifiying selection) and is highly polymorphic in the Cc species. This can be due to the absolute need of farming a highly specialized epibiotic community for the hydrothermal worm despite highly fluctuating abiotic conditions whereas the coastal species of Capitella spp evolved in a more pathogenic environment in which the immune arsenal diversification should be an advantage in enhancing their defensive potential.
2

THE CYTOCHROME P450 SUPERFAMILY COMPLEMENT (CYPome) IN THE ANNELID CAPITELLA TELETA

Dejong, Christopher A. January 2013 (has links)
<p>CYPs are a large and diverse protein superfamily found in all domains of life and are able to metabolize a wide array of both exogenous and endogenous molecules. The CYPome of the polychaete annelid Capitella teleta has been robustly identified and annotated with the genome assembly available (version 1). Annotation of 84 full length and 12 partial CYP sequences predicted a total of 96 functional CYPs in C. teleta. A further 13 CYP fragments were found but these may be pseudogenes. The C. teleta CYPome contained 24 novel CYP families and seven novel CYP subfamilies within existing families. A phylogenetic analysis was completed, primarily with vertebrate sequences, and identified that the C teleta sequences were found in 9 of the 11 metazoan CYP clans. Clan 2 was expanded in this species with 51 CYPs in 14 novel CYP families containing 20 subfamilies. There were five clan 3, four clan 4, and six mitochondrial clan full length CYPs. Two CYPs, CYP3071A1 and CYP3072A1, did not cluster with any metazoan CYP clan. C. teleta had a CYP51A1 gene with ~65% identity to vertebrate CYP51A1 sequences and was predicted to have lanosterol 14 α-demethylase activity. Several CYPs (CYP376A1, CYP3068A1, CYP3069A1, and CYP3070A1) are discussed as candidate genes for steroidogenesis. There are two CYP1-like CYPs and a total of four CYP331s found in C. teleta, which may play a role in PAH metabolism and warrant further analysis.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Page generated in 0.0374 seconds