No / The tensions and pressures that mothers experience when they have to make decisions about combining the care of children with entry into the labour market are by now well established. Much of the research in this area, however, has focused on Europe or North America. In this article, the focus is on a society where women's employment and its relationship to childcare has seldom been explored: Iran. Iran has often been presented as a state that is not particularly women-friendly and as distinctly different from the seemingly more pluralistic and egalitarian states of Western Europe. The argument here is that mothers' employment in Iran should not be viewed through cliches of religion and patriarchy, rather that it is significantly affected, as in other countries, by care structures, the general acceptance of leaving one's children to a caregiver, the availability of employment opportunities and the general policy environment.

This thesis deals with ethical dimension of homeless people´s life and dying. It is devoted to ethical questions of homelessness phenomenon and is primary aimed at dignity and reasonability of life on the street, value system of homeless persons, influenced by the way of their life, and feeling about their own mortality. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how the homeless people feel about the reasonability of life and their own mortality, in the framework of their value system, and about their responsibility for their situation or if they devolve it to others or state. Using qualitative research techniques it analyses realized controlled interviews with homeless persons in thier own environment, that helps to clarify their perception of life and dying on the street. Research aggregate was made up of 15 homeless persons living in the territory of the city České Budějovice.

Practice managers are facing challenging expectations when deploying a managed-care paradigm. The problem addressed in this study was a gap in knowledge regarding practice managers' decision-making strategies that affect, or could be perceived to affect, a climate of excellence with business and client relationships, primary health care, physicians, and patients in a managed-care paradigm. The purpose of the qualitative exploratory study was to explore practice managers' decision-making strategies affecting primary health care, physicians, and patients. Guided by Simon's ideology of decision-making strategies in a management environment, the overarching research question and 3 subquestions centered on how practice managers delineate their decision-making strategies and how those strategies affect primary health care, physicians, and patients. To close the gap in knowledge, the study included (a) a homogeneous purposive sampling of 14 practice managers (n = 2, pilot study; n = 12, main study) as research participants; (b) face-to-face interviews with semistructured, open-ended questions to collect data; and (c) in vivo and pattern coding during data analysis. The study results indicated a need for change agents, interactions, partnerships, and accountability in a managed-care paradigm. Managing health care is complex and practice managers will continue to be challenged. Alliances between practice managers and stakeholders are recommended to meet those challenging expectations. As a result, positive social changes may be observed in improved access to primary health care, better health care treatments, and collaborative interactions in a managed-care paradigm.