No description available.

Angl. resumé

No description available.

In the Czech Republic, caraway (Carum carvi L.) is one of the most cultivated LAKR crops. In the last two years there has been a significant increase in growing areas. In 2017 and 2018, caraway was grown at 4 125 ha and 4 685 ha, which is the highest cultivation in the last six years. Average caraway yields in the Czech Republic are based on production and its quantity are around 0,86 t.ha-1. In the case of the addressed enterprises, the total direct costs were averagely ranged between 17 384-25 801 CZK.ha-1. From the years under review, cost profitability was negative only in 2018, namely for Business No. 2 (-32 %) and Business No. 3 (-20 %). In contrast, profitability of Business No. 1 was beneficial in all years under review. In the monitored enterprises the price of cumin seeds per ton in the period 2016-2018 fluctuated from 20 000 to 65 000 CZK. The results show that it is an attractive crop from the group of medicinal, aromatic and spicy herbs and it is confirmed that caraway is a suitable market crop that requires ongoing attention from a marketing perspective.

In 1996-2000 during expeditions were found and described 123 Carum carvi habitats. Mostly common caraway is found in pasture type habitats of Cynosurion cristati confederation communities. Plants of Carum carvi cenopopulations are characterized by wide diversity of phenotypic traits strongly influenced by ecological conditions and anthropogenic activity in natural habitats. The most stable parameters are weight of 1000 fruit and biochemical composition of essential oil. Essential oil synthesis in fruits is positively affected by warm and dry weather at the stage of caraway flowering – fruit ripening, carvone content – by warm and wet weather. The identified morphological types of Carum carvi leaves were as follows: normal, dill and parsley. Early-season caraway forms in comparison to others distinguished for the lowest height, fruit weight and total yield, but had the highest carvone content in fruit essential oil. Pink petals are characteristic for early-season caraway cenopopulations. White petal color, greater pigments amount in leaves, higher fruit productivity, as well as essential oil and carvone output characterize medium late and late forms. Various caraway genotypes with different levels of leaf carotinoids, chlorophyll content and ratio, anthocianins amount in petals, different reaction to cold and lighting stress reveal specific adaptive plasticity of caraway. Caraway intercenopopulation genetic diversity was determined at the molecular level.

<p>U ovom radu je izvr&scaron;eno kvantitativno&nbsp;određivanje i identifikacija biljnih fenola i&nbsp;<br />flavonoida etanolih ekstrakata ploda per&scaron;una&nbsp;(<em>Petroselini fructus</em>), kore kru&scaron;ine (<em>Frangulae&nbsp;cortex</em>), lista pitome nane (<em>Mentha piperitae&nbsp;folium</em>), ploda kima (<em>Carvi fructus</em>) i lista breze&nbsp;(<em>Betulae folium</em>), kao i komercijalnog preparata Vitalplant^&reg;((<em>Frangulae cortex</em>(35 %),&nbsp; <em>Mentha&nbsp;piperitae folium</em>(20%),&nbsp; <em>Carvi fructus</em>(20 %),&nbsp;<em>Petroselini fructus&nbsp;</em>(25 %)). U nastavku&nbsp;istraživanja ispitivana je antioksidantna aktivnosti etanolih ekstrakata primenom&nbsp;direktnih, ESR &ldquo;spin trap&ldquo; spektroskopskih&nbsp;metoda određivanja &ldquo;skevindžer&ldquo; aktivnosti na&nbsp;superoksid anjon i &nbsp;hidroksil radikale i&nbsp;indirektnih, spektrofotometrijskih testova za&nbsp;određivanje skevindžer&ldquo; aktivnosti na DPPH˙&nbsp;radikale, redoks potencijala i helatacione&nbsp;aktivnosti, kao i antioksidantne aktivnosti u&nbsp;sistemu&nbsp; &beta;-karoten-linolna kiselina. Osim navedenog, deo istraživanja je posvećen&nbsp;ispitivanju termičke stabilnosti ekstrakata&nbsp;navedenih biljaka i komercijalnog preparata&nbsp;Vitalplant^&reg;&nbsp;radi sticanja uvida u mogućnost&nbsp;njihove primene u &nbsp;pekarskim proizvodima. U&nbsp;poslednjoj fazi rada, izvr&scaron;eno je određivanje sposobnosti pulvisa i etanolnog ekstrakta komercijalnog &nbsp;preparata Vitalplant^&reg; da inhibiraju oksidaciju lipida u keksu, primenom spektrofotometrijskih testova &ldquo;skevindžer&ldquo; aktivnosti &nbsp;na DPPH˙ radikale i MDA testa. Ispitane biljne sirovine, kao i komercijalni preparat Vitalplant^&reg;&nbsp;su bogat izvor jedinjenja iz klase biljnih fenola. Sve ispitane biljne droge poseduju antioksidantnu aktivnost, koja se značajno ne menja usled termičkog tretmana. Dodatak biljne me&scaron;avine Vitalplant^&reg;&nbsp;, upravo proporcionalno njenom sadržaju, &nbsp;dovodi do povećanja antioksidantne aktivnosti keksa i smanjenja stepena lipidne peroksidacije.&nbsp;</p> / <p>In this paper, quantitative determination and identification of plant phenolics and flavonoids of ethanolic extracts obtained from parsley fruit (<em>Petroselini fructus</em>), buckthorn bark (<em>Frangulae cortex</em>), mint leaves (<em>Mentha piperitae folium</em>), caraway fruit&nbsp; (<em>Carvi fructus</em>), birch leaves (<em>Betulae folium</em>), as well as from commercial preparation Vitalplant&reg; ((<em>Frangulae cortex</em>(35 %), <em>Mentha piperitae folium</em>&nbsp;(20%), <em>Carvi fructus</em>(20 %), <em>Petroselini fructus&nbsp;</em>(25 %)) was performed. In addition, antioxidant&nbsp; activity of ethanolic extracts was tested, by applying direct, ESR &ldquo;spin trap&ldquo; &nbsp;spectroscopic methods for the determination of scavenging activity on superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, and indirect, spectrophotometric methods for the determination of DPPH˙ radical scavenging activity, reducing power, chelating activity and antioxidant activity in&nbsp; &beta;-carotene-linoleic acid model system. Moreover, thermal stability of the ethanolic extracts was tested in order to get insight into possible application of the extracts in bakery products. Finally, the ability of the commercial preparation Vitalplant&reg;, in the form of powder and extract, to inhibit oxidative changes of cookies was tested by applying spectrophotometric DPPH radical scavenging and MDA tests.</p><p>According to obtained results, investigated plant samples, including commercial preparation Vitalplant&reg;, are rich source of plant phenolics. Investigated plant drugs possess antioxidant activity, which is not significantly changed after the thermal treatment. Cookie supplementation with commercial preparation Vitalplant&reg; results in&nbsp; better oxidative stability of lipids and enhanced antioxidant activity of the cookies.</p>