The need for arithmetic is well nigh universal. Children and adults are continuously confronted with situations involving "how many" and "how much." The "how-manyness" and "how-muchness" of situations lead to the need for counting and measurement. These needs are conveniently called quantitative needs, needs requiring number meanings and skills. / Typescript. / "January, 1956." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: W. Edwards, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 22).