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1	Fundamental Study of two Selected Tropical Biomasses for Energy : coconut and cashew nut shells Tsamba, Alberto Júlio January 2008 (has links) Cashew nut and coconut shells are two potential renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources that are commonly found as agro-industrial wastes in tropical countries. Despite this fact, they are not yet widely studied as such. Given this lack of specific technical and reliable data, technologies for their conversion into energy cannot be designed with confidence as it happens with other commonly studied biomass feedstock. Thus, the need to generate these data guided this research in order to provide technical information for the designing of appropriate thermochemical conversion technologies for energy generation, particularly, in remote areas, where electricity grid is neither a feasible nor an affordable solution.Among thermochemical processes, pyrolysis plays a key role as it is found in both combustion and gasification at their earlier stages. In both technologies, pyrolysis products are generated and later submitted to further transformations according to the process in use.Hence, pyrolysis was selected for thermal characterisation of cashew nut and coconut shells. The main characteristics envisaged are i) pyrolysis profiles; ii) global, semi-global and individual kinetics; iii) pyrolysis global and individual yields; iv) modelled pyrolysis yields at high heating rates; and, v)char combustion kinetics and reactivity. The main technique used for experimental data generation is thermogravimetry and FTIR spectroscopy. Data experimentally generated from TG and TG-FTIR experiments were processed through different methods and codes, such as the Coats and Redfern model-fitting method, the modelfree methods of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Friedman and ASTM E698, for semi-global and global kinetics; DAEM and FG-Biomass were used for pyrolysis individual kinetics and yields determination. Proximate and ultimate analyses were performed as well.The study revealed peculiar characteristics compared to the commonly known lignocellulosic biomass. The volatiles content was above 66%w/w; hemicelluloses DTG peak did not overlap with the cellulose peak; the global pyrolysis activation energies were around 200 and 120 kJ/mol for coconut and cashew nut shells, respectively. Hemicelluloses and cellulose showed varying activation energies as 130-216 and 155-208 kJ/mol, respectively. Char combustion showed two steps with activation energies of 135 and 121 kJ/mol (cashew nut shells); 105 and 190kJ/mol (coconut shells). Individual yields and kinetics were determined for 17 compounds, including tars. These data are of key importance for modelling and the consequent data generation for the designing of appropriate thermochemical energy for these biomasses. / QC 20100914 Cashew nut shells coconut shells biomass thermogravimetry pyrolysis kinetics combustion TECHNOLOGY TEKNIKVETENSKAP
2	Organisational Learning in Business Model Innovation in the Bottom of Pyramid market : An empirical fieldwork about the market introduction of clean cookstoves in Mozambique Premer, Stefan, Nansubuga, Brenda January 2018 (has links) There is a need for cleaner technology initiatives into the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) market to combat the effects of climate change. The difficulty of these initiatives lies in their business model innovation process, as those organisations struggle in finding adequate strategies to establish their business in the BoP market. The BoP market is characterised as highly uncertain, which makes the operation of businesses challenging. Hereby the thesis aims at answering the question on how organisational learning occurs in business model innovation in the BoP market. Through a case study approach, the thesis intends to understand the requirements to establish a functioning business model by analysing organisational learning under business model innovation within the BoP market. This has been realised through a three week field study in Northern Mozambique, observing the market introduction of a cleantech company operating in this context. Hereby the business model innovation process and the environment of operation was analysed. This research contributes to the current discussion of business model innovation in BoP markets by detecting organisational learning as a useful mechanism and adding relevant insights on how organisational learning occurs in this specific context. Therefore the study opens the discussion on organisational learning in business model innovation in the context of the BoP market by asking for further studies on the topic. Organisational Learning Organizational Learning Knowledge Knowledge Transfer Experimental Learning Experiental Learning SECI Tacit Explicit External Learning Internal Learning Learning from the environment Business Model Business Model Innovation Bottom of Pyramid Bottom of Pyramid market BoP cleantech clean technology clean cookstoves clean cooking gasification cashew cashew nut cashew nut shells market introduction Mozambique Africa Sub-Saharan Africa development sustainability climate change renewable energies ethnographic studies fieldwork Environmental Management Miljöledning Climate Research Klimatforskning Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap Business Administration Företagsekonomi Globalisation Studies Globaliseringsstudier Human Geography Kulturgeografi Social Anthropology Socialantropologi

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Fundamental Study of two Selected Tropical Biomasses for Energy : coconut and cashew nut shells

Organisational Learning in Business Model Innovation in the Bottom of Pyramid market : An empirical fieldwork about the market introduction of clean cookstoves in Mozambique