ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV / The use of differential GPS post-procesing for precise trajectography computation has been widely used since early 90s. Up to recent dates, installation of a GPS receiver in a well known position (base station) has been mandatory. Operating range from this base station varies from 50 km up to 100 km, depending on the accuracy required, which impose single or dual frequency GPS technique. Nowadays, the huge amount of GPS base stations continuous logging data worldwide have allowed to improve the error models a lot. Using these precise models, it is possible to achieve centimeter accuracy in GPS trajectography by using only one GPS receiver without range to a base station restrictions. This technique is called Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The performance results for PPP obtained after a real 10 flights campaign will be presented.

In order to fully understand the role methane (CH₄) plays in the microwave emission spectra of the deep atmospheres of the outer planets, over 280 laboratory measurements of the opacity of ammonia in a methane environment have been made in the 5-20 cm wavelength range. All opacity measurements were made with either 100 or 200 mbars of ammonia and with 1 to 3 bars of added methane in the 330-450K temperature range. A formalism for the absorptivity of ammonia broadened by methane has now been developed and had been applied to the Hanley et al. (Icarus, v. 202, 2009) model for the opacity of ammonia. Due to methane's relatively low abundance at Jupiter (~0.2% by volume), its effect on the microwave spectrum which will be observed by the Juno MWR (Microwave Radiometer) will be minimal. However, these experimental results will significantly improve the understanding of the microwave emission spectrum of Uranus and Neptune where methane plays a more dominant role.

La pyrolyse est une étape clé des procédés de synthèse thermochimique des biocarburants de deuxième génération. Notre objectif a été d'améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués à l'échelle d'une particule. Il apparaît nécessaire en premier lieu d'acquérir de nouvelles données expérimentales en maîtrisant les conditions opératoires, pour dans un second temps valider des modèles. Un dispositif expérimental a été développé pour étudier la pyrolyse d'une particule de bois de taille centimétrique entre 450 et 1050°C. La température interne, la masse et les dimensions de la particule ainsi que les rendements instantanés en gaz ont été suivis en temps réel. Les produits de pyrolyse ont été caractérisés. Le modèle développé dans un système à deux dimensions par l'Université Catholique de Louvain a été utilisé pour décrire les conditions expérimentales et simuler les résultats. Des écarts significatifs entre modèle et expérience ont été observés. La comparaison des données simulées et expérimentales ainsi que l'analyse des résultats d'une étude paramétrique permettent d'identifier des pistes d'amélioration du modèle. Les propriétés thermiques de la particule ont été déterminées expérimentalement. Des corrélations sont proposées pour décrire les variations des chaleurs massiques et des conductivités thermiques du bois et du résidu carboné en fonction de la température de pyrolyse, jusqu'à 1050°C. / Pyrolysis is a key step in the thermochemical conversion processes of biomass for the synthesis of second generation biofuels. The objective is to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of pyrolysis at the particle scale. It appears necessary to first get new data by controlling the operating conditions in order to secondly validate models. An experimental device has been developed to study the pyrolysis of wood centimeter-scale particle between 450 and 1050°C. The internal temperature, the mass and size of the particle, and instantaneous gas yields were monitored continuously. The products of pyrolysis were characterized. The model developed in a two dimensional system by the Catholic University of Louvain was chosen to describe the experimental conditions and simulate the results. Significant differences between model and experiments were observed. The comparison between simulated and experimental results and the results of a parametric study are used to identify ways to improve the reliability and the predictive ability of the simulations. The measurement of the particle thermal properties was one of the identified ways and was studied carefully. Correlations are proposed to describe the variations of both wood and char heat capacities and thermal conductivities with the pyrolysis temperature until 1050°C.

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