Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Dentistry. / Growth and development of the skull is influenced by metabolic factors such as the endocrinopathies. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of induced hypothyroidism on growth and development of the skull of the Vervet monkey. Seven infant monkeys of the subspecies Ceraop-ithecus aethiops cloetei were selected as the experimental animals in this study. Two of the seven monkeys were used as the control group, the remaining five monkeys were given radio-active iodine to depress their thyroid activity. Cephalometric records were taken of the animals for a period of approximately one year, at the end of which time they were sacrificed. At the age of 15 months the radiographs of the hypothyroidic monkeys, when compared to those of the control group, exhibit marked differences in cranial form. However, the most marked changes are seen in the cranial vaults of the experimental animals. Some of the findings are examined in the light of a number of theories which have been proposed for the control of the growth and development of the skull. / WHSLYP2017

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Dentistry of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. / This dissertation studies the development of the anterior successional teeth prior to eruption, their eruption paths and position of emergence of these teeth in Cercopithecus aethiops, the vervet monkey. The eruption of the permanent dentition is divided into four stages, equivalent to four chapters, with a fifth chapter devoted to an analysis of the pattern or sequence of eruption. This pattern is compared to those of other workers and possible reasons for tooth sequence polymorphism are discussed. Twenty three skulls, fourteen female and nine male are examined and a representative sample chosen from each phase of dental development for dissection. Photographs of each stage are presented, accompanied by a descriptive text but no measurements are recorded. This is a visual and descriptive presentation which 'opens the window' to those aspects of the Cercopithecoid dentition which are not as readily observable by other methods such as clinical examination or radiography. / WHSLYP2017

No description available.

The distribution of vervets in Barbados was not uniform across the island, vervets being more abundant in parishes with high vegetative cover and low human population density. Ranging patterns for 4 troops of vervets in Barbados were shown to be influenced by the maximum daily temperature and the mean daily humidity. The frequency of use of an area decreased with increasing distance from the sleeping site, and the duration of use increased with increasing distance from the sleeping site. An interpopulation comparison of home range size and ranging patterns of vervet populations from Africa and St. Kitts, showed a positive correlation between home range size and group size and a negative correlation between home range size and population density. / The genetic structure of the Barbados population was characterized by relatively high levels of heterozygosity and gene diversity at the group level, and small genetic distances between groups indicating adequate gene flow between groups. Three of the 6 polymorphic loci investigated showed differences in allele frequency between east and west sub-populations of vervets, indicating some genetic differentiation.

In 2012, a new monkey species, Cercopithecus lomamiensis (lesula), was discovered in the Central Congo basin. Lesula is a semi-terrestrial rainforest guenon endemic to the area. Using a systematic grid approach, three terrestrial camera trap surveys (two inside the Lomami National Park; one in the buffer zone) were conducted over three years to capture the cryptic species. The objectives of my study were to expand knowledge on the behavioral ecology of lesula and evaluate lesula’s sensitivity to hunting threats. The main findings from my study included: confirmation of terrestriality and diurnality, births clustering during the wet season, social group living of one male and multiple females, and high impact of hunting on group size. By studying the latest added species to the Cercopithecini tribe, my thesis helps to better understand the ecological diversity occurring within this radiation of African primates and contributes to the species’ long-term conservation efforts. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Medicine University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine / In this thesis are presented briefly the results of studies extending over the period 1955 to 1974. The use of vervet monkeys in South Africa for the production and testing of poliomyelitis vaccine made acquaintance with their viruses inevitable; and the subsequent introduction of the baboon as a laboratory animal of major importance also necessitates a knowledge of its viral flora. Since 1934 when Sabin and Wright described the B Virus which was recovered from a fatal human infection contracted as the result of a macaque monkey bite, numerous viral agents have been isolated from monkeys and baboons. In the United States of America, Dr. Robert N. Hull initiated the classification of simian viruses in an SV (for Simian Virus) series according to cytopathic effects as seen in unstained infected tissue cultures. In South Africa, viruses recovered from monkeys and baboons were designated numerically in an SA (for Simian Agent) series on the basis of cytopathic changes seen in stained preparations of infected cells. Integration of these two series is in progress. Simian viruses in South Africa have been recovered mainly through the inoculation of tissue cultures with material obtained by means of throat and rectal swabs, and also through the unmasking of latent agents present in kidney cells prepared as tissue cultures. Some evidence concerning viral activity has been derived from serological tests. In this thesis the classification of simian viruses later proposed by Dr. Hull in 1968 has been adopted. This Ill comprises five categories based on nucleic acid type and strandedness, and on' ether sensitivity. It has not been possible to provide conclusive proof for the inclusion of a number of South African viruses in the categories to which they have been assigned under this scheme, but the available evidence suffices to indicate that representatives of the five main categories occur in South Africa. Some viruses found in this country are recognized as prototype strains in the internationally recognized classification of simian viruses, and one vervet adenovirus has been widely distributed and studied for its oncogenic properties. The herpesvirus SA8 is sufficiently closely related to the dangerous B Virus of macaques to warrant extreme care in the handling of non-human primates. This virus has been recovered from baboons as well as vervet monkeys. It is becoming evident that viruses recovered from one species may eventually be found to be more common in another species. In South Africa much remains to be done in the field of simian virology, and in this thesis are indicated techniques which could be further exploited and expanded to increase our knowledge of this group of potentially dangerous viruses. / IT2017

It is generally accepted that comparative studies on animal communication can provide insights into the coevolution of social life, vocal communication, cognitive capacities and notably the emergence of some human language features. Recent studies suggested that non-human primates possess combinatorial abilities that may allow a diversification of vocal repertoires or a richer communication in spite of limited articulatory capacities. However, the functions of combined calls and the information that receivers can extract remain poorly understood. This thesis investigated call combination systems in two species of guenons: Campbell's monkey (Cercopithecus Campbelli) and Diana monkey (Cercopithecus Diana). Firstly, I studied the combinatorial structure and relevance to receivers of combined calls in of both species using playback experiments. Results confirmed the presence of a suffixation mechanism reducing the emergency of danger signaled by calls of male Campbell's monkeys. Also, they showed that combined calls of females Diana monkeys convey linearly information via their two units, which signal respectively caller's emotional state and identity. Secondly, focusing on the context associated with the emission of simple and combined female Campbell's monkey calls, results revealed flexible use of combination reflecting the immediate need to remain cryptic (i.e. simple calls) or to signal caller's identity (i.e. combined calls). Finally, I compared females' communication systems of both species to identify their similarities and differences. As predicted by their close phylogenetic relatedness, their repertoires are mostly based on homologous structures. However, the females differ strongly in their use of those structures. In particular, the great number of calls combined by Diana monkeys increases considerably their vocal repertoire compared to Campbell's monkeys. Given that the combinations are non-random, meaningful to receivers and used flexibly with the context, I propose a parallel with a rudimentary form of semantic morphosyntax and discuss more generally the possible existence of similar capacities in other non-human animals.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading cause of inherited mental retardation and developmental delay. In the vast majority of cases, this X-linked disorder is due to a CGG expansion in the 5' untranslated region of the fmr-1 gene and the resulting decreased expression of its associated protein, FMRP (Fragile X associated Mental Retardation Protein). FXS is characterized by a number of cognitive, behavioural, anatomical, and biological abnormalities. This monogenic disorder provides a unique opportunity to study the consequence of a mutation in a single gene on the development and proper functioning of the CNS. / Histological work on FMRP expression in the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has revealed differential staining in the magnocellular and parvocellular layers, with increased expression in the magnocellular layers (Kogan, Boutet, Cornish, Zangenehpour, & Mullen, 2004). In individuals with fragile X, this differential expression pattern is correlated at the behavioural level with impairments in the M but not the P-visual pathway processing. These findings by Kogan and colleagues, led to the hypothesis that brain regions that express high levels of FMRP are particularly susceptible to its reduced expression, as occurs in FXS. It was therefore of interest to extend this work to determine the pattern of FMRP expression throughout the monkey brain, with the aim of identifying the brain structures most susceptible to reduced expression of the fmr-1 gene product. / The current focus on the role of FMRP in RNA translation and neuronal maturation makes it timely to assemble the extant information on how reduced expression of the fmr-1 gene leads to neuronal dysmorphology. The first section of this manuscript offers a summary of recent genetic, neuroanatomical, and behavioural studies of fragile X syndrome, and provides potential mechanisms to account for the pleiotropic phenotype of this disorder. The following section presents a detailed account of the FMRP expression profile in the monkey brain, and reveals the striking correlation between the expression of the protein and behavioural deficits associated with its reduced expression, as occurs in FXS. / The last chapter of this manuscript offers insight into future trends in FXS research. A number of electrophysiological and behavioural studies point to a particular involvement of the metabotropic glutamatergic system in FXS, with a preeminent role for metabotropic glutamate receptor type V (mGluR5). The involvement of this receptor in FXS and the potential therapeutic implications of pharmacological regulation of this receptor will be discussed. / There is a body of work pointing to the remarkable behavioural similarities between FXS and autism. While FXS is a single-gene disorder, autism is associated with a number of genes, which have not yet been precisely identified. The final section of this manuscript delineates the neuroanatomical, behavioural, and linguistic overlap, as well as the differences between the two conditions. Finally, this section affords some insight as to how FXS, a single-gene disorder, may assist us in our understanding of autism. / Keywords: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), fmr-1 mutation, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), dentate gyros (DG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), cerebellum, metabotropic glutamate receptor type V (mGluR5), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), dendritic spine, autism / Abbreviations: fragile X syndrome (FXS), long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), RNA-binding protein (RBP), lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), dentate gyrus (DG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), metabotropic glutamate receptor type V (mGluR5), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), region of interest (ROI), deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 4, 2005). Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-86).

No description available.