The thesis follows the development of charity, both as a theological concept and as the activity of increasing number of social institutions, over two centuries. The main narrative of the thesis follows these two themes, but it also identifies other background factors, particularly developments in social history. It uses insights from anthropological gift theory, reflected in part in the concept of noblesse oblige, a standpoint which both demands support from the rich to the poor and legitimates social divisions: points frequently made in charity sermons. The thesis explores the development of theologies of charity, in particular in the writings of Butler, Wesley, Sumner, Chalmers, Maurice, and Westcott, and also considers the philosophy of J S Mill and T H Green. From these, it is argued that the key development in theoretical analyses of charity is a shift in discourse from an emphasis on the duty of the rich to behave charitably (as in Butler's concept of benevolence) to a concern with the outcome of such giving on the recipients of charity. This is first seen in the writings and practice of the early leaders of the evangelical revival who saw the poor as children of God, but also as being in need of moral reformation. With the advent of a Christian approach to economics based on the thinking of Malthus and Sumner, a harsher approach developed which saw charity as undermining a divinely ordered social economy and was expressed in the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. The reaction against this led to a split in thinking about charity: on the one side a mix of economic theory, Comtean altruism and Greenian Idealism resulted in the growth of an autonomous, secular and professional approach to charity exemplified by C S Loch, and on the other a changing Christian approach to the position of the poor in society, going back to Maurice which was expressed in a call for justice rather than charity by the Christian Socialists of the late nineteenth century. Meanwhile, other political developments were resulting in a greater state involvement in what had hitherto been an independent field of charitable work, and resulted in very different patterns of welfare, in which charity took second place to state provision. The thesis ends by revisiting the split in discourse between givers and receivers of charity, and argues that both sides need to be considered in any theological discussion, including the need for recipients to be allowed to reciprocate to others.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_se_me_assis.pdf: 853453 bytes, checksum: 4ed51f94e6a5f608611f9d93c70077e1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As realidades políticas e sociais são determinantes na explicação da prevalência de modelos de caridade e assistência em detrimento de outros. No Reino Português o sistema assistencial acompanhou a evolução do modelo europeu, estruturado nos valores do Cristianismo, em que couberam à comunidade as respostas para os problemas sociais. Com base na filosofia das Luzes, além de questões de cunho técnico-científico em busca do progresso econômico, ou com a garantia das fronteiras territoriais, nota-se após a transferência da Corte para o Brasil, e principalmente após a Independência, um despertar para a realidade social brasileira, em que ação do Estado na intervenção na questão assistencial esteve ligada não só à preocupação de que esse cuidado não caísse sobre si, mas também à política de manutenção da ordem tradicional. Pensando nisso, essa pesquisa procurou conhecer o comportamento do Estado monárquico constitucional brasileiro diante dos .socorros públicos. no momento da organização de suas bases jurídicas e administrativas. As principais fontes que a fundamentaram foram as Leis e Decisões de Governo do Império do Brasil de 1822 a 1834, cuja análise permitiu dimensionar as mudanças na concepção das obrigações do Estado e o discurso que ele próprio produzia de si, tornando explícita a estreita relação entre pobreza, desordem, trabalho e o desenvolvimento de uma moral, logo, a intimidade da questão da assistência com os interesses do Estado. / Political and social realities are determining factors in the explanation of the predominance of certain charity and social assistance models. In the Portuguese Kingdom the social assistance system followed the evolution of the European model, based on Christian values, in which the community was in charge of responding to social problems. Based on the Enlightment philosophy, apart from technical scientific issues in search of economic progress or guarantees for territorial frontiers, after the transfer of the Royal Court to Brazil and especially after Independence, an awakening is observed as to Brazil.s social reality, in which State agency in social assistance issues was tied not only to the preoccupation that such care would not be devolved to the State itself but also to the policy of maintaining traditional order. With such in mind, this research seeks to reveal the behavior of the Brazilian Constitutional Monarchy as to public social aid at the moment of organizing her legal and administrative foundations. The main sources that grounded these were the Leis e Decisões de Governo do Império do Brasil de 1822 a 1834 (Laws and Decisions of the Government of the Empire of Brazil from 1822 to 1832), the analysis of which enabled dimensioning the changes in the conception of the State.s responsibilities and the discourse it produced on itself, revealing the tight relation between poverty, disorder, work and the development of a moral, therefore, between the intimacy of the social assistance issue and the concerns of the State.

Food waste is considered to be a big problem worldwide. Different research projects have been done within this area in order to find ways that can help reduce this problem. This thesis addresses the problem of food waste in the supermarkets of Kosovo, by identifying the amounts of food waste in 3 supermarkets of this region. In addition, it explores the possibility of connection between supermarkets and charity organizations by using a developed prototype that corresponds to the field of web technologies. The prototype is implemented based on the feedback of supermarket workers. Interviews with open-ended questions were realized with supermarket workers and charity organization workers in order to identify the best medium that can be used to connect them. The prototype is realized using Wordpress, and evaluated first using the SUS questionnaire. Furthermore, it is also evaluated by performing usability test with supermarket and charity organization workers. The participants were asked to perform different tasks during the evaluation. The study shows that the use of the developed prototype reduces the amount of food waste in supermarkets. Furthermore, it successfully connects charity organizations with supermarkets. In addition, it provides a new way of controlling expiry dates of items resulting in reduction of waste inside supermarkets.

Orientador: Ivan Aparecido Manoel / Banca: Nainôra Maria Barbosa de Freitas / Banca: Patrícia Carla de Melo Martins / Resumo: O presente estudo tem por objetivo destacar a presença da Doutrina Social da Igreja nas ações ditas como assistencialistas realizadas pela CNBB, através das Campanhas da Fraternidade dos anos de 1986, 2002 e 2007, que tratam, especificamente da questão da terra. Escolhemos a temática a respeito da terra, pois, observamos que a questão da propriedade privada é início e fim da Doutrina em questão, que tem por projeto moldar a sociedade atual como aquela dita necessária para a realização do projeto divino na Terra, através de ações levariam à construção de uma sociedade que retomasse a preocupação com o bem comum. Os documentos que nos embasam nossa pesquisa são, além dos textos base e a documentação referente às Campanhas, as encíclicas papais e diversa bibliografia que transmite os pontos principais da Doutrina Social Católica, além de autores que, de alguma forma, já abordaram questões apontadas pela Doutrina / Abstract: The present study aims to contrast the Church Social Doctrine presence in assistance action, undertaken by CNBB, through the Fraternity Campaigns from the years 1986, 2002 and 2007, dealing specifically with the land‟s issue. We chose the land‟s theme because we observed that the private property issue is the beginning and the end of the doctrine question, whose design shape today's society such as that expressed need for the creation of the divine plan on Earth, through actions would lead to building a society that, would take the concern for the comfort. The documents that underlie our research are beyond the basic texts and documentation relating to Campaigns, the papal encyclicals and diverse bibliography that conveys the main Catholic Social Doctrine points, and authors who, somehow, have discussed issues raised by the doctrine / Mestre

With the emergence of the concept of crowdfunding, a new alternative has arisen for non-profit organizations to procure funding for their cause. But several of the issues plaguing non-profits still remain. Attracting people to give in the first place is one major challenge, but retaining the relationship and keeping the donors giving is an even bigger one. This thesis delves into the issue of getting donors to sustain their giving, more commonly known as donor retention. More specifically, this thesis aims to identify what factors are important when aiming to improve donor retention in both charity and crowdfunding contexts. Additionally, the thesis explores what is important in the general structure and content of a non-profit crowdfunding platform, and what possible measures can be taken in order to improve donor retention through the platform. This was achieved by conducting a literature study in the field of donor retention in both a charity as well as crowdfunding context to find important factors as well as measures to be considered. In parallel, 15 interviews were conducted to gather insights on the attitudes, donation habits and motivations of people who had previous experience of giving to charity. In sequence with the interviews, 15 user tests on the crowdfunding platform of the non-profit organization Help to Help were performed. The user tests aimed to evaluate and collect donors' opinions and conceptions of the contents and layout of an existing non-profit crowdfunding platform. From the literature study several factors found to improve donor retention were identified. These were: satisfaction, trust, commitment and involvement. The literature study, interviews and user tests resulted in finding a large number of possible actions to take when constructing a non-profit crowdfunding platform. The measures were summarized and condensed into a collection of recommendations and considerations to take when designing such a platform to increase donor retention. The thesis also identified that crowdfunding components can make a charity website appear more transparent and innovative. Additionally, the thesis found that many donors continue to donate based on their initial conviction. Where the ability to provide proof of where the donations end up and ability to appear transparent were the most cited reasons for deciding to support an organization.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:27:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1875349 bytes, checksum: 0311137d09456f56d29355831323095b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper has like main reason to analyse the oldness through the perspective of alterity. Looking for knowing the differences that mark the experiences of getting old in the modern society through practices which were developped by old voluntary women of a charity association, close to old people who live in an asylum in the city of Campina Grande - PB. The Associação Internacional de Caridades (AIC - Charity International Association), core of Campina Grande - PB,it corresponds to a feminine, lay organization composed mostly by old women of middle class in which attends to socialy excluded segments, between them, old people in asylums. The meeting between oldness make possible that old people inserted in these groups and contexts prepare a self-image, stablish relations of gerational sociability and exercise the principle of alterity constructed in the interpersonal relation between myself and the other in oldness. The heterogeneus character that distinguish the old person in the present time, discussed by scholars, is spotlightened in the research that was realized. The stablished relationship between the cheritable and the refugee reveals multiple meanings that involve the oldness and enlighten the aspects of subjectivity and identity of the old people who integrate the reported groups. / Esta dissertação possui como objetivo analisar a velhice, através da perspectiva da alteridade. Buscamos conhecer as diferenças que marcam as experiências de envelhecer na sociedade contemporânea, através das práticas desenvolvidas por idosas voluntárias de uma associação de caridade, junto aos idosos residentes de uma instituição asilar da cidade de Campina Grande - PB. A Associação Internacional de Caridades (AIC), núcleo de Campina Grande PB, corresponde à uma organização leiga, feminina, composta, em sua maioria, por idosas de classe média, que atende a segmentos socialmente excluídos, dentre eles, os idosos asilados. O encontro entre velhices possibilita que os idosos inseridos em tais grupos e contextos elaborem sua autoimagem, estabeleçam relações de sociabilidade geracional e exercitem o princípio da alteridade, construído na relação interpessoal entre o eu e o outro na velhice. O caráter heterogêneo que particulariza o idoso na atualidade, discutido por estudiosos, é evidenciado na pesquisa realizada. As relações estabelecidas entre as caridosas e os asilados revelam múltiplos significados que envolvem a velhice e elucidam aspectos da subjetividade e identidade dos idosos que integram os referidos grupos.

The aim of my work was to cover the activity of the Poor School Nuns de Notre Dame since they have been found. The high attention was paid to their centralization to the Nunnery´s branch in Kardašova Řečice in the fifties. I have tried to outline the period of problematic religious and political systems that kept clashing. The work is divided into several topics that describe particular spheres of persecution. The most extensive chapter {--} Kardašova Řečice {--} captures the time since the institute had been established to the day when the last nun left it. There are the memories of the witnesses that narrate about nuns and their activity in the House for Seniors and Citizens unabled to work. The whole work is accompanied by the archival material, but also looks at the nuns´ witness with the true-life experience.

nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo discute a historicidade da prÃtica da caridade como uma sensibilidade na experiÃncia da morte a partir da atuaÃÃo de Guilherme Chambly Studart (1856-1938). Conhecido como o BarÃo de Studart, foi um personagem bastante relevante no cenÃrio intelectual e polÃtico cearense da virada do sÃculo XIX para o XX, e se destacou por sua aÃÃo caritativa. MÃdico, historiador, intelectual, catÃlico, foi fundador e membro de inÃmeras instituiÃÃes como o Instituto HistÃrico do Cearà e Sociedade SÃo Vicente de Paulo (cuja atuaÃÃo lhe rendeu o tÃtulo de BarÃo pela Santa SÃ). Preocupado com a morte durante toda a vida, e em praticar a caridade, elaborou uma imagem prÃpria de homem exemplar, a partir da produÃÃo de um arquivo de si, sendo caracterizado como caridoso, intelectual, devoto e patriota. O argumento da dissertaÃÃo, a partir da atuaÃÃo do BarÃo de Studart, à que a prÃtica da caridade diante da morte era um componente das relaÃÃes sociais do perÃodo. A afirmaÃÃo tem base no estudo dos testamentos, documentos privilegiados para exposiÃÃo de sensaÃÃes e sentimentos, nos quais se percebeu uma sensibilidade mais latente: a caridade. Para essa reflexÃo, o trabalho se referencia nas discussÃes sobre a histÃria das sensibilidades, pensando a morte de forma relacional ao tempo histÃrico, como forma de agir, pensar, ser e estar no mundo. O acervo de Guilherme Studart, nesse sentido, à bastante produtivo, contando com fotografias, documentos, cartas e livros. Esse acervo, somado ao seu testamento à entendido aqui como um ato autobiogrÃfico. Deste modo, o trabalho foi recortado a partir da vida de Guilherme Studart, entendendo-o com alguÃm que operacionalizava a caridade no seu tempo, nÃo interessado no fim da pobreza, mas em aÃÃes paliativas que proporcionam conforto momentÃneo, que justifiquem a riqueza material de alguns e demonstre como aquele que pratica a caridade à bondoso e necessÃrio para o funcionamento da engrenagem social. / This dissertation discusses the historicity of charity as a form of sensibility through the experience of death based on the actions of Guilherme Chambly Studartâs (1856- 1938). Known as the BarÃo de Studart, he was a relevant player in the political and intellectual landscape in Cearà between the late XIXth and early XXth century. Physician, historian, intellectual, Catholic, Studart was a founder and member of many institutions such as the Historical Institute of Cearà and the SÃo Vicente de Paulo Society (whose experience resulted in the title of baron by the Catholic Church). Concerned about death throughout his whole life, Studart created a self-image of an exemplary man by practicing charity and producing his own personal archive, which framed him as a charitable, intellectual, devout and patriot man. I argue, based on Studartâs life reveals, that charity before death was a component of social relationships in the studied period. The argument is based on the study of wills, documents meant for the exhibition of emotions in which charity played a major role. This reflection focuses on the history of sensibilities thinking revolving around death, which is definitive of the time and demonstrated a way of acting, thinking and being. Studartâs personal archive, in this sense, is fruitful, containing with photos, personal documents, letters, and books. With his will, the archive is understood as an autobiographic act. Therefore, this dissertation follows Guilherme Studartâs life, seeing him as a person who practiced charity in his time, with no interest in ending poverty, but doing palliative actions which gave momentary comfort, justifying the wealth of some and showing that those who practice charity were essential cogs in the wheel of society.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-13T17:50:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rosanacastrodelunarezende.pdf: 12049157 bytes, checksum: a728ced93c2dc99569e3bf66eef292fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:24:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosanacastrodelunarezende.pdf: 12049157 bytes, checksum: a728ced93c2dc99569e3bf66eef292fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosanacastrodelunarezende.pdf: 12049157 bytes, checksum: a728ced93c2dc99569e3bf66eef292fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-29 / Em meio às tendências individualistas da sociedade contemporânea e das ações de grupos sociais, particularmente os religiosos no sentido de interagir com essa tendência, para minorá-la, requer que se compreenda a trajetória religiosa do sentido da caridade. Para tal, busca-se neste trabalho focar o transcorrer da história de duas tradições religiosas no país, a saber, o Catolicismo e o Espiritismo kardecista. Nesse processo, a prática da caridade foi passando por profundas alterações e sendo ressemantizada pelas interpenetrações, rupturas e diferenciações advindas da pluralidade religiosa brasileira e das adaptações sociopolíticas de cada contexto. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar como vem reconfigurando-se a caridade, diante das mudanças das práticas filantrópicas, na cidade de Juiz de Fora, tendo como referencial religioso os enfoques Católico e Espírita Kardecista, da Sociedade São Vicente de Paulo e do Instituto Jesus, respectivamente. Para isso, o objeto de pesquisa estende-se à compreensão de como o ideal de caridade vem sendo vivenciado pelos adeptos do Catolicismo e Espiritismo Kardecista. Para isso, será feita uma revisão bibliográfica e uma pesquisa de campo nas instituições acima elencadas. A hipótese deste estudo é de que, nessas práticas, a intenção sociopolítica subjaz à caridade desenvolvida por essas vertentes religiosas, tanto nos seus aspectos de controle, de exercício de poder, quanto naqueles de justiça social e de gratuidade. Busca-se, com esse enfoque comparativo, partindo desta investigação, refletir sobre o espaço da caridade na sociedade contemporânea como ethos de sociabilidade bem como sua correspondência com as transformações desta sociedade na direção da filantropia e da cidadania. / Amid the individualistic tendencies of contemporary society, and actions of social groups, particularly religious in order to interact with this trend, to diminish it, requires you to understand the religious path of the sense of charity. To do this, search in this work focus on the course of the history of two religious traditions in the country, namely Catholicism and Kardecist Spiritualism. In this process, the practice of charity was undergoing profound changes and being re-semanticizing by interpenetration, ruptures and differences arising from the Brazilian religious plurality and sociopolitical adaptations of each context. This work then has to investigate as has been reconfiguring the charity, before the change of philanthropic practices in the city of Juiz de Fora, having as reference the Catholic religious approaches and Spiritualist Kardecist, the St. Vincent de Paul Society and the Institute Jesus, respectively. For this, the research object extends to the understanding of how the ideal of charity is being experienced by the followers of Catholicism and Spiritism Kardecist. Thus, it will be a literature review and field research in the above listed institutions. The hypothesis is that these practices, the socio-political intent underlying the charity developed by these religious aspects, both in aspects of control, power exercise, as those of social justice and gratuity. Search up with this comparative approach, starting this research, reflect on the space of charity in contemporary society as sociability ethos as well as his correspondence with the transformation of this society in the direction of philanthropy and citizenship.

In many countries, non-profit organisations provide enormous help to the public in the form of services, aid, education, advocacy, and many other humanitarian supports. However, despite the important work of many non-profit organisations in their fields, there has been little research about the role on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in facilitating aid distribution. In an effort to improve understanding of non-profit organisations working in charitable programmes, this research assesses the impact of ICTs in charitable organisations in the State of Kuwait. One of the purposes of this study is to provide guidelines to improve the use of ICTs in order to meet the needs of charities, their donors and beneficiaries, and their ability to comply with state legislation. This research uses a multi-methodology approach, which employs two system methodologies in tackling the research problem. The research methodologies that have been applied are Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer based System (ETHICS). The participants of the research included charities, authorities, staff, beneficiaries, and donors. The results showed that the current services and activities do not meet the needs and satisfaction of the charities, donors, and beneficiaries. The results also showed that the charities fall short in coping with the national and international compliance requirements. Consequently, there is a need for an appropriate change in systems and procedures, which include database system, communication, technical, confidentiality and security of donors and beneficiaries, co-operation and coordination, and awareness and attitudes of authorities. The study provides the changes needed to improve the current situation in Kuwaiti charities. As one of these changes, a novel design of a web-based Information Exchange System amongst Kuwaiti Charity Organisations (IESKCO) has been developed. This web-based system will combine all Kuwaiti charitable programmes in to one appropriate system, which offers the highest level of benefits at the lowest cost for their clients. In order to ensure that this new system meets the users' needs, an empirical evaluation method has been chosen to evaluate the IESKCO prototype. The results revealed that the users' needs are met using the application. This research has also led to conclusions and directions for further research on the impact of ICTs in charitable sectors.