No / The issue of communicated accountability is particularly important in Faith-Based Charity Organisations as the donated funds and use of those funds are often meant to fulfil religious obligations for the well-being of society. Integrating Stewart¿s (1984) ladder of accountability with the Statement of Recommended Practice guidance for charities, this paper examines communicated accountability practices of Muslim and Christian Charity Organisations in England and Wales. Our content analysis results indicate communicated accountability to be generally limited, focusing on providing basic descriptive information rather than judgement-based information. Our interviews with trustees and preparers of Trustee Annual Reports in Muslim Charity Organisations identified the reasons being due to high donor trust and consequently weak demand by stakeholders for the latter type of information, as well as internal organisational issues related to the organisational structure and culture, lack of internal professional expertise and high accountability cost.

This thesis examines various aspects of English and Canadian charity law in terms of their relationship with the contested categories of ‘public law’ and ‘private law’. It argues that the law of charities can be regarded as a hybrid legal discipline in both a general or categorical sense, and in the context-specific or functional sense that both the conditions for obtaining charitable status, and the regulation of the conduct of charities and their trustees, are continually being adjusted in such a way as to maintain in a broad sense a functional equilibrium between individual project pursuit and collective project pursuit; that is to say, an equilibrium between the protection of the autonomy of property-owning individuals to control and direct their own wealth, and the furtherance of competing public interests or visions of the good. After sketching out the history and nature of the common law charities tradition and the contemporary English and Canadian regulatory regimes, the thesis pursues its analytical and comparative hypotheses by examining two important features of English and Canadian charity law, the public benefit doctrine and the rules of locus standi that determine who may seek relief for misapplications of charity property. It then addresses the comparatively modern issue of the governmental co-optation of charitable resources, considering to what extent modern pressures associated with the retrenchment of welfare states threaten to destabilize charity law’s hybrid equilibrium in EW and Canada. The thesis then turns to the emerging phenomenon of social enterprise, arguing that shifts to charity law’s functional equilibrium may explain the emergence of this ‘post-charitable’ legal form. The thesis concludes with some observations on the hybrid nature of the law of charities, and on the different functional equilibriums between individual project pursuit and collective project pursuit that have been reached by English and Canadian charity law.

Författare: Emil Herder, Filip Nilsson och Mats Seglarvik Handledare: Anders Hytter Examinator: Bertil Hultén Kurs: Examensarbete 30hp, Civilekonomprogrammet inriktning marknadsföring, Linnéuniversitetet Kalmar, VT 2016, 4FE63E. Rapportens namn: Kredit-kort och gott Frågeställning: Hur värderar svenska konsumenter olika kreditkortsattribut? Syfte: Det primära syftet med vår studie är att undersöka hur svenska konsumenter värderar kreditkortsattribut på den svenska marknaden och att undersöka eventuella samband som existerar mellan deras värderingar och olika valda variabler. Som delsyfte ämnar vi att utifrån vår undersökning komma med relevanta rekommendationer som kan hjälpa Resurs Bank att skapa attraktiva kreditkortserbjudanden för konsumenter på den svenska marknaden. Metod: Uppsatsen har till en början en induktiv ansats som sedan övergår till en mer deduktiv ansats. Datainsamling har i huvudsak skett genom enkätundersökning, men även genom intervjuer. Resultat & slutsatser: Vi har rangordnat hur svenska konsumenter har värderat olika kreditkortsattribut och funnit att det existerar samband mellan hur olika individer värderat olika kreditkortsattribut baserat på andra värderingar och grupptillhörighet. Teoretiskt och praktiskt bidrag: Teoretiskt har vi bidragit med en grund för hur svenska konsumenter värderar olika kreditkortsattribut samt en undersökningsmodell som kan användas som underlag för vidare forskning. Våra praktiska bidrag är att informationen kan användas som beslutsunderlag när ett kreditkortserbjudande som inriktar sig mot kundens upplevda värde ska läggas fram. Nyckelord: Kreditkortsattribut, kreditkort, bonussystem, välgörenhet, konsumentbeteende, konsumentvärde / Author: Emil Herder, Filip Nilsson and Mats Seglarvik Mentor: Anders Hytter Examiner: Bertil Hultén Course: Master Thesis 30 credits, Master of Business and Economics, Marketing, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Spring 2016 4FE63E. Name of report: Kredit-kort och gott Research question: How do swedish consumers value different credit card attributes? Purpose: The primary purpose of our study is to reserach how swedish consumers value credit card attributes on the swedish market and research possible correlations that exists between their values and different chosen vairables. The subpurpose of the study is to come up with relevant recommendations which may help Resurs Bank to create attractive credit card offerings for the swedish credit card market. Method: The study starts off with and inductive approach that later turns into a more deductive approach. The data was collected from a survey and interviews. Results and conclusion: We’ve ranked how swedish consumers value different credit card attributes based on other values and group membership. Theoretical and practical contribution: Theoretically we’ve contributed with a foundation on how swedish consumers value different credit card attributes and a researchmodel that can be used as a basis for further research. Our practical contribution is that the information from our study can be used to support decisions when it comes to creating a credit card offering that targets the customers percieved value. Keywords: Credit card attributes, credit card, bonus system, charity, consumer behaviour, consumer value.

This thesis explores cultural differences on interactive design features used in websites of South Korea and the United Kingdom from the perspective of both: professional website designers and end-users. It also investigates how the use of interactive design features from different cultures change over time. Four interaction types on websites; User to Interface (U2I), User to Content (U2C), User to Provider (U2P), and User to User (U2U) interactivity, and three interaction types on blogs; Blogger to Interface (B2I), Blogger to Content (B2C) and Blogger to Blogger (B2B) interactivity have been identified. Four cultural dimensions were used for the theoretical base of this study based on which four hypotheses were proposed in relation to the interaction types identified above; (a) High versus Low Context cultures for U2I, (b) High versus Low Uncertainty Avoidance for U2C, (c) High versus Low Power Distance for U2P and (d) Individualism versus Collectivism for U2U interactivity, in order to discover the effects of national cultures on interactivity in websites. We derived our own interactivity dimensions and mapped them to the four interaction types for websites and three for blogs. Interactive design features were derived from interactivity dimensions and examined in our studies. The findings revealed that there have been some changes towards homogeneity in the use of interactive design features on charity websites between South Korea and United Kingdom although there is still evidence of some cultural differences. With regard to end-users’ perspective, the result show that the use of interactive design features of blogs may be influenced by culture but this is only within a certain context. The findings also provide a valuable indication that users interacting within the same blog service can be considered as being shared concerns rather than shared national location, thus create a particular type of community in which bloggers are affected by social influence so they adopt a shared set of value, preferences and style that would indicate almost a common social culture. As a result, the cultural differences derived from their country of origin do not have that much impact.

The Miracle of Carville, as the late 1930’s and 1940’s have been called, is considered the pivotal point for those isolated with leprosy at the National Leprosarium in Carville, Louisiana. Scholars, researchers and folklorists alike have grappled with these decades as providing the environment in which patient reform was cultivated and eventually sown without a serious consideration of the labor and advocacy of the Sisters missioned there. Understanding the multiple roles of the Sisters at the Louisiana Leper Home, those of home makers, care takers and patient advocates, provides the foundation for the patient reforms won during the Miracle of Carville.

The purpose of this study is to examine the driving forces within the non-profit organization, Läxhjälpen. This study will limit itself to examining the non-profit organization Läxhjälpen which provides homework assistance throughout the country with its seat located in Stockholm - Sweden. In order to fulfill the purpose of this study, the following two questions are put forth: what motivates collaborators within Läxhjälpen, and which societal contribution dose the collaborators within Läxhjälpen see themselves contributing with to society as a whole? The data was collected with the help of semi-structured interviews. Interviews were held with a homework assistant, a coworker in charge of contacts, a coach and the person in charge of the region. The gathered material was subsequently analyzed with the help of the leading theories in motivation and sustainable development. The conclusions of this paper shows that the employees of the organization that has participated in this study get their motivation from multiple sources including but not limited to: autonomy, a feeling of responsibility, self-realization needs, competence development, and last but not least an opportunity to help the less fortunate. / Att arbeta ideellt fyller ett syfte i samhället. I Sverige existerar det cirka 251 000 verksamma ideella organisationer. Det är inte helt lätt att definiera vad en ideell organisationen är. Wijkström och Lundström (2002) diskuterar inom vilket ramverk en organisation skall befinna sig för att betraktas som ideell. Bland annat ska en organisation för att betraktas som ideell inneha en ideell målsättning, samt att den inte delar ut något ekonomiskt överskott till varken ägare eller andra involverade parter. Istället återinvesteras vinsten i organisationen. Att själviskt avvara tid från sin vardag för att hjälpa andra mot en symbolisk ersättning, eller ingen alls kan ses som en altruistisk handling som är nyttig i gemenemans liv då det inger känslor av glädje. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa drivkrafterna inom den ideella organisationen, Läxhjälpen. Studien har avgränsats till Stiftelsen Läxhjälpen som bedriver läxhjälpsprogram runt om i Sverige med sitt huvudsäte i Stockholm. För att kunna besvara studiens syfte har följande forskningsfrågor legat till grund: vad motiverar medarbetarna inom Läxhjälpen, samt vilket samhällsbidrag anser medarbetarna inom Läxhjälpen att de bidrar med? Insamlingen av data har skett med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer, där intervjuer skett med en läxhjälpare, kontaktansvarig, coach samt regionansvarig. Det insamlade materialet har sedermera analyserats med hjälp av teorier rörande motivation samt hållbar utveckling. Slutsatserna inom denna studie påvisar att medarbetarna som medverkat i studien inte motiveras av en ensam faktor utan att det är en samling av faktorer som innefattar; autonomi, en känsla av ansvarsfullhet, självförverkligande, kompetensutveckling, och kanske viktigast av allt, en chans att få hjälpa mindre lyckligt lottade människor och bidra till att dem får en möjlighet att förbättra sina livsvillkor.

El objetivo general de la investigación corresponde al desarrollo de un proyecto de diseño interior donde se plasme ambientes con distribución adecuada y comodidad en el restaurante benéfico del banco de alimentos en el distrito de San Isidro, así mismo brindar espacios que cuenten con un agradable diseño, en donde se sienta confort. Por otro lado, los objetivos específicos son los siguientes: Diseñar y mobiliario en base a materiales ecológicos para los diferentes ambientes. Investigación profunda del concepto para lograr un buen desarrollo en el diseño interior de los ambientes del restaurante benéfico y proponer muebles innovadores, aplicando los principios básicos del diseño interior. Adicional, proponer espacios de áreas verdes que estén en relación con el diseño. / The purpose of this investigation is the development of an interior design project where there are spaces with adequate distribution and comfort in The charity restaurant of the food bank in the district of San Isidro, also provide spaces that have a nice design, where to feel comfort. On the other hand, the specific objectives are the following: Design and furniture based on ecological materials for different spaces. The investigation was carried out on the concept to atheeve a good development in the interior design of The charity's restaurant spaces and to propose innovative furniture, applying the basic principles of interior design. Additionally, propose spaces for green areas that are related to the design. / Tesis

Comment les établissements hospitaliers d’Ancien Régime marquent-ils les corps des personnes qui y séjournent et y officient ? À partir du milieu du XVIIe siècle, l’espace français fait l’objet d’une réforme hospitalière menée de concert par l’Église de la Réforme catholique et l’État en voie d’absolutisme. La création des Hôpitaux Généraux dans l’ensemble du royaume, jusqu’en terre coloniale, a pour effet de progressivement préciser le rôle des Hôtels-Dieu, et de contribuer à la mise en place d’un réseau d’institutions hospitalières au sein desquelles se côtoient laïcs et religieux, soignants et malades, hommes et femmes. Afin d’appréhender les principales situations où ce processus se met en place, nous avons analysé les établissements parisiens sur lesquels les volontés étatique et religieuse s’expriment pleinement, un territoire provincial – l’Auvergne – qui, éloigné du centre du pouvoir royal,adapte le fonctionnement hospitalier à son territoire, et un espace colonial – la vallée du Saint-Laurent au Canada – où l’implantation des institutions hospitalières répond à la fois à la volonté de l’Église missionnaire et des autorités coloniales, tout en devant répondre aux besoins d’une population particulière.Notre thèse propose de montrer comment ces différents pouvoirs que sont l’Église, la volonté soignante et le genre s’entremêlent au sein des hôpitaux, et s’exercent sur l’ensemble des personnes qui participent à la vie des établissements depuis le début de cette réforme hospitalière jusqu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Pour ce faire, cette thèse convoque des documents divers issus des fonds d’archives des hôpitaux et des communautés hospitalières. En croisant les textes prescriptifs et les sources témoignant des pratiques hospitalières, ce travail montre que les corps des agents de l’institution comme ceux des usagers subissent un processus de disciplinement relativement similaire, tout particulièrement dans le domaine religieux. Elle souligne de plus la répartition du pouvoir entre les femmes et les hommes qui évolue, au cours de la période étudiée, au bénéfice de ces derniers sous l’effet d’un phénomène de professionnalisation des métiers soignants encadrés par les autorités laïques.En comparant trois territoires, cette thèse montre de plus comment les institutions s’adaptent à des contextes différents. Elle permet ainsi de faire ressortir, notamment à travers une analyse de l’espace hospitalier, les similitudes entre la situation auvergnate et la situation canadienne, du moins au cours des décennies de paix pour la colonie. En revanche, la colonie se distingue nettement de la métropole par le primat accordé au religieux tout au long de la période, qui s’achève avec la Conquête, tandis que les établissements métropolitains, d’abord ceux de Paris puis d’Auvergne, témoignent d’une orientation qui accorde de plus en plus de place et de pouvoir aux questions médicales laïques. / How did Ancien Régime hospitals mark and regulate the bodies of its inhabitants and its officers? From the mid-seventeenth century, the French colonial space was the subject of a hospital reform implemented in collaboration with Church and the State, the latter in the process of absolutism. The creation of the General Hospitals across the kingdom, throughout colonial land, had the effect of gradually clarifying the role of Hôtel-Dieu, and thus contributed to the establishment of a network of health institutions where secular and religious, caregivers and patients, men and women worked alongside each other. In order to capture the primary settings where this process took place, the dissertation analyzes the Parisian establishments under which state and religious wishes were fully expressed, a provincial territory - Auvergne - which, far from the center of royal power adapted the workings of hospital to its territory and colonial space - St. Lawrence Valley in Canada - where the implementation of hospital institutions responded both to the will of the missionary Church and colonial authorities as well as to meet the needs of a particular population. The project demonstrates how the powers of the Church, the caregiver and the dynamics of gender intertwined in hospitals and acting on all those involved in the hospital life from the Earlier this hospital reform until the end of the eighteenth century. For this, this thesis brings together various documents from the archives of hospitals and hospital communities. By crossing the prescriptive texts and documents showing hospital practice, this thesis shows that the bodies of the institution's staff and those of the users underwent a process of disciplining relatively similar, especially in the religious sphere. It also shows that the distribution of power between men and women that evolves during the study period for the benefit of mankind as a result of a phenomenon of professional caregivers trades framed by the secular authorities. Comparing the three territories, this thesis, furthermore, shows how institutions adapt to different contexts. It helps to emphasize, in particular through an analysis of hospital space, the similarities between the Auvergne and the Canadian contexts, at least during the decades of peace for the colony. However, the colony is clearly distinguishable from the metropolis by the primacy accorded to religious throughout the period, which ended with the conquest, while the metropolitan institutions, first those of Paris and the Auvergne, testify to the increasingly power given to lay medical issues.

張明佳. / "2001年6月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (leaves 105-106) / 附中英文摘要. / "2001 nian 6 yue" / Zhang Mingjia. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 105-106) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 推廣社會服務與嘉諾撒仁愛會來港 --- p.11 / Chapter 第一節 --- 工作的開展與探索-19世紀中的天主教社會服務 --- p.12 / Chapter 第二節 --- 確立發展方向與引起的問題 --- p.17 / Chapter 第三節 --- 嘉諾撒仁愛會的宗旨與來港 --- p.22 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.28 / Chapter 第三章 --- 歐洲工作模式的嘗試一 香港嘉諾撒仁愛會的早期工作 --- p.36 / Chapter 第一節 --- 香港嘉諾撒仁愛會的成立與早期槪況 --- p.37 / Chapter 第二節 --- 修會學校的發展 --- p.42 / Chapter 第三節 --- 修會收容孤兒服務的發展 --- p.53 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.58 / Chapter 第四章 --- 步入華人社區一 香港嘉諾撒仁愛會的新方向 --- p.63 / Chapter 第一節 --- 嘉諾撒仁愛會的本地化工作 --- p.64 / Chapter 第二節 --- 步入華人社區一 19世紀末嘉諾撒仁愛會的擴展 --- p.69 / Chapter 第三節 --- 對華人社會的影響 --- p.81 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.84 / Chapter 第五章 --- 轉變與社會貢獻一 香港嘉諾撒仁愛會與香港 --- p.89 / Chapter 第一節 --- 傳教工作與社會服務的分離 --- p.90 / Chapter 第二節 --- 重新定位´ؤ淡出醫療與孤兒服務 --- p.95 / Chapter 第三節 --- 嘉諾撒仁愛會在香港社會的角色一培養女性社會精英 --- p.100 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.105 / Chapter 第六章 --- 總結 --- p.107 / 附錄一嘉諾撒仁愛會資深修女的訪問記錄 --- p.115 / 附錄二嘉諾撒仁愛會轄下校舍外觀 --- p.118 / 參考資料 --- p.130

The thesis explores models of gambling regulations in the European Union, focused on the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and the Great Britain. These models are further examined and analyzed according to their impact on the non-profit sector. The aim was to propose optimal gambling regulation including stimulation of funding sources for charities and non-profit organizations in the Czech Republic. Results of the analysis prove that there is a possibility of contributions to good causes, as well as the state lottery and the charity lottery.