abstract: Renewable portfolio standards prescribe for penetration of high amounts of re-newable energy sources (RES) that may change the structure of existing power systems. The load growth and changes in power flow caused by RES integration may result in re-quirements of new available transmission capabilities and upgrades of existing transmis-sion paths. Construction difficulties of new transmission lines can become a problem in certain locations. The increase of transmission line thermal ratings by reconductoring using High Temperature Low Sag (HTLS) conductors is a comparatively new technology introduced to transmission expansion. A special design permits HTLS conductors to operate at high temperatures (e.g., 200oC), thereby allowing passage of higher current. The higher temperature capability increases the steady state and emergency thermal ratings of the transmission line. The main disadvantage of HTLS technology is high cost. The high cost may place special emphasis on a thorough analysis of cost to benefit of HTLS technology im-plementation. Increased transmission losses in HTLS conductors due to higher current may be a disadvantage that can reduce the attractiveness of this method. Studies described in this thesis evaluate the expenditures for transmission line re-conductoring using HTLS and the consequent benefits obtained from the potential decrease in operating cost for thermally limited transmission systems. Studies performed consider the load growth and penetration of distributed renewable energy sources according to the renewable portfolio standards for power systems. An evaluation of payback period is suggested to assess the cost to benefit ratio of HTLS upgrades. The thesis also considers the probabilistic nature of transmission upgrades. The well-known Chebyshev inequality is discussed with an application to transmission up-grades. The Chebyshev inequality is proposed to calculate minimum payback period ob-tained from the upgrades of certain transmission lines. The cost to benefit evaluation of HTLS upgrades is performed using a 225 bus equivalent of the 2012 summer peak Arizona portion of the Western Electricity Coordi-nating Council (WECC). / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2014

<p>Integralne nejednakosti Jensena i Čebiševa<br />uopštene su za integrale bazirane na neaditivnim<br />merama. Prvo uopštenje dokazano je za<br />pseudo-integral skupovno-vrednosne&nbsp; funkcije, a<br />drugo za pseudo-integral realno-vrednosne funkcije<br />u odnosu na intervalno-vrednosnu -meru.<br />Dokazana je i uopštena nejednakost Čebiševa<br />za pseudo-integral realno-vrednosne&nbsp; funkcije i<br />njena dva intervalno-vrednosna oblika. Nejednakost<br />Jensena je primenjena u principu premije, a<br />nejednakost Čebiševa na procenu verovatnoće.</p> / <p>Integral inequalities of Jensen and Chebyshev type are<br />generalized for integrals based on nonadditive measures.<br />The first generalization is proven for the pseudointegral<br />of a set valued function and the second one<br />for the pseudo-integral of a real-valued function with<br />respect to the interval-valued -measure. Generalized<br />Chebyshev inequality for the pseudo-integral of a realvalued<br />function and its two interval-valued forms are<br />proven. Jensen inequality is applied in the premium<br />principle and Chebyshev inequality is applied to the<br />probability estimation.</p>

The technique of sensor fusion addresses the issues relating to the optimality of decision-making in the multiple-sensor framework. The advances in sensor fusion enable to perform intrusion detection for both rare and new attacks. This thesis discusses this assertion in detail, and describes the theoretical and experimental work done to show its validity. The attack-detector relationship is initially modeled and validated to understand the detection scenario. The different metrics available for the evaluation of intrusion detection systems are also introduced. The usefulness of the data set used for experimental evaluation has been demonstrated. The issues connected with intrusion detection systems are analyzed and the need for incorporating multiple detectors and their fusion is established in this work. Sensor fusion provides advantages with respect to reliability and completeness, in addition to intuitive and meaningful results. The goal for this work is to investigate how to combine data from diverse intrusion detection systems in order to improve the detection rate and reduce the false-alarm rate. The primary objective of the proposed thesis work is to develop a theoretical and practical basis for enhancing the performance of intrusion detection systems using advances in sensor fusion with easily available intrusion detection systems. This thesis introduces the mathematical basis for sensor fusion in order to provide enough support for the acceptability of sensor fusion in performance enhancement of intrusion detection systems. The thesis also shows the practical feasibility of performance enhancement using advances in sensor fusion and discusses various sensor fusion algorithms, its characteristics and related design and implementation is-sues. We show that it is possible to build performance enhancement to intrusion detection systems by setting proper threshold bounds and also by rule-based fusion. We introduce an architecture called the data-dependent decision fusion as a framework for building intrusion detection systems using sensor fusion based on data-dependency. Furthermore, we provide information about the types of data, the data skewness problems and the most effective algorithm in detecting different types of attacks. This thesis also proposes and incorporates a modified evidence theory for the fusion unit, which performs very well for the intrusion detection application. The future improvements in individual IDSs can also be easily incorporated in this technique in order to obtain better detection capabilities. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed methods have the capability of detecting a significant percentage of rare and new attacks. The improved performance of the IDS using the algorithms that has been developed in this thesis, if deployed fully would contribute to an enormous reduction of the successful attacks over a period of time. This has been demonstrated in the thesis and is a right step towards making the cyber space safer.