Includes bibliographical references. / This research examines the problem of child labour in Tanzania. It seeks to explore the magnitude, scope, causes and consequences of child labour, and the worst forms of child labour. Children are defined as persons less than 18 years and child labour refers to specific categories of children between 5 years and 18 years who are economically active. Children may be involved in paid as well as unpaid work within the formal and informal sectors, or in urban and rural areas. The Worst Forms of Child Labour include slavery, prostitution or pornography, illicit activities and hazardous work. As in many African societies, Tanzania's children are expected to carry out several tasks as they progress to adulthood under the principle of preparing them to be adults; this is generally referred to as 'socialization'. These tasks often place children in danger or expose them to unhealthy, dirty, strenuous, moral and exploitative conditions and constitute the type of child labour that the Tanzanian government is concerned about.