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Yes / Since the 1980s, the digital revolution has been both a negative and positive force. Within a few weeks of the Covid-19 outbreak, lockdown accelerated the adoption of digital solutions at an unprecedented pace, creating unforeseen opportunities for scaling up alternative approaches to social and economic life. But it also brought digital risks and threats that placed new demands on policymakers. This article assembles evidence from different areas of social science expertise about the impacts of Covid-19 in digitised societies and policy responses. The authors show how the pandemic supported changes in data collection techniques and dissemination practices for official statistics, and how seemingly insuperable obstacles to the implementation of e-health treatments were largely overcome. They demonstrate how the ethics of artificial intelligence became a primary concern for government legislation at national and international levels, and how the features enabling smart cities to act as drivers of productivity did not necessarily give them an advantage during the pandemic. At the micro-level, families are shown to have become ‘digital by default’, as children were exposed to online risks and opportunities. Globally, the spread of the pandemic provided a fertile ground for cybercrime, while digital disinformation and influencing risked becoming normalised and domesticated.

L’avancement des technologies a permis aux agresseurs sexuels de mineurs d’avoir de nouvelles opportunités de commettre des infractions à caractère sexuel en ligne (Fortin, Paquette, & Dupont, 2018; Seto, Hanson, & Babchishin, 2011). Avec un nombre de plaintes criminelles croissant (Wolak, Finkelhor, & Mitchell, 2012), le phénomène du leurre informatique pose de nombreux défis pour les enquêteurs qui doivent développer des méthodes d'enquête pour distinguer les dossiers ayant le plus de risque de passage à l’acte afin d’assurer la protection du public. Le projet de recherche vise à distinguer les différents types de cyber-relations basées sur les stratégies utilisées dans les discours d’auteurs de leurre. En analysant les différences entre les auteurs de leurre qui ne demande pas un contact hors ligne, ceux qui n’ont pas été capables d’obtenir un contact et ceux qui ont obtenu un contact hors ligne, on vise à identifier les stratégies associées aux discoures des interactions menant aux contacts hors ligne. L’étude utilise une combinaison d’approche qualitative et quantitative. L’analyse des conversations en ligne a été faite à partir de données policières de la Surêté du Québec . La transformation des données qualitatives en quantitative a été fait pour conduire les analyses statistiques. Les résultats suggèrent que les stratégies associées aux interactions qui ont mené au passage hors ligne sont : la persistance, la pratique en ligne des fantaisies sexuelles et d’avoir des opportunités à risque limité de détection d’une figure faisant autorité. Les auteurs de leurre avec contact ont utilisé ces stratégies de manière plus récurrente que les auteurs de leurre sans contact. En outre, les victimes qui participent plus et qui résistent le plus ont été associées à des relations menant au contact hors ligne. Les auteurs de leurre ayant eu un contact hors ligne avec leurs victimes avaient un plus grand nombre de conversations, en moyenne. Donc, ils avaient plus de temps pour utiliser différentes stratégies pour surpasser les résistances des victimes. Les implications de cette recherche suggèrent que les typologies identifiées dans la littérature scientifique n’ont pas trouver les caractéristiques scientifiquement associées à chacun des types. / The advancement of technology created new opportunities for online sex solicitors to cyber victimize minors online (Fortin et al., 2018; Seto et al., 2011). With the increasing number of police reports (Wolak et al., 2012), online sex solicitors pose numerous challenges for police practices. This research project aims to distinguish the differences between the types of interactions that seek offline contact based on the strategies seen in their discourses. By analyzing the differences between the strategies used by various types of interactions, we aimed to identify the strategies which are associated with offline contact interaction group. This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to achieve the research goal. We used a qualitative methodology to do a thematic analysis and codify the chatlogs. The strategies used for codification were taken from previous studies and observation of the police data from the Sûreté du Québec . After the codification, we transformed the thematic results into quantitative data. The quantitative research methodology was employed to test the differences in frequency of each strategy between types of interactions. The results demonstrate that the strategies associated with offline contact are persistence, fantasy rehearsal and the presence of opportunities with limited risk of exposure. Contact group used more frequently these strategies compared to the noncontact group. Moreover, contact victims showed more participatory and oppositional behaviours. Offenders who met their victims offline showed longer interactions, on average. Consequentially, offenders from the contact group had more time to use the various strategies to surpass the victims' resistances. The implication of this research lays in the contradiction of these results compared to literature's results. The particularities of each types are not associated with previous typologies.

Vi lever i ett samhälle där teknik och internet tar alltmer plats i vårt dagliga liv, särskilthos barn. Detta bidrar till en tillgänglighet som kan vara positiv på många sätt, men somockså kan leda till en hel del utmaningar. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hurvillkoren sett ut för den ideella barnrättsorganisationen ECPAT Sveriges förebyggandearbete mot sexuell exploatering av barn på nätet. För att undersöka detta genomförs endiskursanalys. Studien har ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt och bygger på ECPATSveriges verksamhetsberättelser mellan åren 2005–2022. De identifierade diskurserna ärekonomisk diskurs, utbildningsdiskurs, juridisk diskurs, globaliseringsdiskurs ochteknisk diskurs. Diskurserna analyseras med en diskursteori inspirerad av MichelFoucault (1972). Resultaten av analysen visade att villkoren präglas av både utmaningaroch möjligheter som främst kännetecknas av den tekniska utvecklingen i samhället,attityder gentemot problematiken och barns digitala verklighet, samt samarbeten medolika institutioner, civilsamhällsaktörer och allmänheten. Vi kunde se en avsaknad kringtidigare forskning som behandlar kommersialisering av barnpornografi ochbetalningsmetoder, framförallt nya, som används vid köp av barnpornografi på nätet.Avslutningsvis önskas ytterligare forskning kring problematiken sexuell exploatering avbarn på nätet då det är ett stort och aktuellt samhällsproblem. / We live in a society where technology and the internet take up a lot of space in our day-to-day life, especially for children. This contributes to an accessibility that can be positive in many ways, but that also can lead to a lot of challenges. The aim of thisstudy is to examine the conditions of the non-profit children’s rights organizationECPAT Sweden’s preventive work against sexual exploitation of children online, byconducting a discourse analysis. The study has a qualitative approach and is based onECPAT Sweden’s activity reports between the years of 2005-2022. The identifieddiscourses are economic discourse, education discourse, law discourse, globaldiscourse, and technical discourse. The discourses are analysed with a discourse theoryinspired by Michel Foucault (1972). The results of the analysis show that the conditionsare characterised by both challenges and opportunities which are mainly defined by thetechnical development in society, attitudes towards the problem and children’s digitalreality, and collaborations with various institutions, civil society actors and the public.We noticed a lack in previous research addressing the commercialization of childpornography and payment methods, especially new ones, that are used to purchase childpornography online. Finally, further research within the subject of sexual exploitation ofchildren online is requested as it is a major and current social problem.