Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Albert E. Stiegman, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 17, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1990.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1998. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Montana, 2006. / Mode of access: Internet. Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 11, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-170).

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1910. / Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mining Engineering determined from "1874-1999 MSM-UMR Alumni Directory". The entire thesis text is included in file. Typescript. Illustrated by author. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed March 5, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 21).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_ec_me_bauru.pdf: 1547855 bytes, checksum: c064de6707319508d31999121d801d42 (MD5) / Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo / Neste trabalho foi estudado o modo de ligação de três moléculas pequenas ao DNA 5'-CGCGAATTCGCG-3', através da simulação computacional e análise em tela gráfica. Verificou-se que é possível utilizar o programa GOLD, baseado em algoritmos genéticos, em estudos envolvendo o DNA, uma vez que até o momento há apenas dois trabalhos publicados na base de dados Scopus (Portal de Periódicos da Capes) onde esta metodologia é utilizada. Também foi verificado que 1vzk, complexo cristalográfico do DNA com 2-(5-{4-[amino (imino)metil]fenil}-2-tienil)-1h-benzimidazol-6-carboximida (DB818), obtido do PDB é uma estrutura representativa para estudos no sulco menor. Foram investigados os modos de ligação dos seguintes ligantes: (a) DB818, obtido a partir da estrutura cristalográfica 1 vzk; (b) DAZJOE; [Cr(1,2-bis(naftilidenoamino)etano)(H2O)2], estrutura obtida do Cambridge Structural Database e (c) CR3NC, [Cr(2,3-bis{[(2-hidroxi-4-dietilamino) (fenil) (metileno)]amino}2-butenodinitrila) (H2O)2], cuja estrutura foi obtida por modelagem molecular, tomando como modelo DAZJOE. Os estudos de docking do DAZJOE em DNA sugerem que seu modo de ligação seria no sulco menor, porém sua interação não se dá com as bases AATTC como no caso do DB818, mas sim entre as bases ATTC. Quando os cálculos de docking foram realizados com a molécula CR3NC, que tem volume maior e mais flexibilidade nas extremidades, observou-se que a mesma posiciona-se no sulco maior. Este resultado está em concordância com dados experimentais disponíveis. Um mecanismo de quebra do DNA é sugerido, não devido à influência do crômio, mas sim devido à presença dos nitrogênios. Observou-se que a influência do metal é menor do que a da molécula complexada ao íon nas interações. / In this work we studied the binding mode of some small molecules in the DNA 5'-CGCGAATTCGCG-3' through computer simulation and analysis in graphical screen. We found that it is possible to use the GOLD program, based on genetic algorithms in studies involving DNA, despite we found only two papers in the database Scopus (CAPES Portal of Journals) where this approach is used. It was also found that 1 vzk, crystallographic complex of the DNA with 2-(5-(a-[amino (imino) methyl] phenil) -2- thienyl)- 1h-benzimidazol-6-carboximide (DB818), obtained from PDB is a representative structure for studies in the minor groove. We investigated the binding mode of the following ligands: a) DB818, obtained from the 1vzk crystallographic structure, (d) DAZJOE, [Cr(1,2-bis(naphthylideneamino) ethane)(H2O)2], structure obtained from Cambridge Structural Database and (c) CR3NC, [Cr((2,3-bis[(2-hydroxy-4phenyl) (diethylamino) (methylene)] 2-amino butenedinitrile)(H2O)2, whose structure was obtained by molecular modeling, taking DAZJOE as model. The DAZJOE docking's studies in DNA suggest that its binding mode would be in the minor groove, but their interaction is not given with the bases AATTC as for the DB818, but between the bases ATTC. When the docking calculations were performed with CR3NC molecule, which has larger volume and more flexibility in the extremities, we observed that in take place in major groove. This result is in agreement with experimental data available. It is suggested a DNA break mechanism, but not due to the influence of chromium, but the nitrogens. It was observed that the influence of the metal is lower than the ionophore in interactions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia) / IPEN/D-MPLO / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo

Uma das principais consequências dos processos de mineração e beneficiamento do carvão é a elevada produção de rejeitos. Esses materiais retornam às cavas de mineração ocasionando efeitos negativos ao meio ambiente, como a drenagem ácida de mina. Uma alternativa em potencial para esses rejeitos é aplica-los no tratamento de efluentes líquidos como sólidos sorventes. Dentre os principais poluentes aquosos destacam-se os metais pesados e, entre eles, o cromo hexavalente, devido aos seus efeitos carcinogênicos e mutagênicos, sendo altamente prejudicial aos organismos vivos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar o rejeito do beneficiamento do carvão de Moatize (Moçambique) como sólido sorvente para a remoção de cromo hexavalente de águas contaminadas. O sólido foi utilizado em duas granulometrias diferentes: no intervalo entre 0,7 e 1,5 mm (R1) e menor que 0,074 mm (R2). As amostras foram caracterizadas segundo sua massa específica, densidade aparente, área superficial (BET), volume de poros e diâmetro de poros (BJH), ponto de carga zero, composição química (FRX) e mineralógica (DRX). Ensaios experimentais foram realizados a fim de determinar as melhores condições de sorção, onde foram avaliados o efeito do pH, do tempo de residência e da concentração de sorvente As melhores condições encontradas para o sólido R1 foram: pH 2, 10 h de ensaio e concentração de sorvente de 8 g L-1, onde foi obtido 98,6% de remoção de Cr(VI). A maior remoção para o sólido R2 foi de 98,8%, obtida utilizando-se: pH 2, 50 min de ensaio e concentração de sorvente de 10 g L-1. Comparando com o limite previsto pela legislação brasileira CONAMA 430 para despejos industriais as concentrações finais de cromo hexavalente em solução ficaram abaixo do valor máximo estabelecido (0,1 mg L-1). A partir destas condições encontradas, foram construídas isotermas de equilíbrio e os modelos de Langmuir, Freundlich e Sips foram ajustados aos dados experimentais. Para o sólido R1, os modelos de Langmuir e Sips demostraram um bom ajuste, apresentando valores de R2 de 0,897 e 0,907 respectivamente. Já para o sólido R2, o modelo de Sips foi o que melhor representou os dados experimentais, com um R2 de 0,954. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o rejeito de carvão de Moatize pode ser utilizado para o tratamento de águas contaminadas com cromo hexavalente. / One of the main consequences of coal mining and beneficiation process is the large production of waste and by-products. These materials return to the mines generating significant negative impacts to the environment. One of the possible applications for the coal wastes is in the wastewater treatments, where it can be used as a sorbent. Amongst the main water pollutants, heavy metals stand out, especially hexavalent chromium, due to its carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, being highly prejudicial to the living organisms. In this context, the objective of this study is to use coal beneficiation waste from Moatize (Mozambique) as a sorbent to remove hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. Coal waste was utilized in two different particle sizes: between 0.7 and 1.5 mm and smaller than 0.074 mm. These solids were characterized for their specific weight, bulk density, superficial area (BET), pore volume and diameter (BJH), point of zero charge, chemical composition (XRF) and mineral composition (XRD). Experiments were conducted to determinate the best sorption conditions, were the operating parameters investigated were: solution pH, contact time and sorbent concentration The best conditions for Cr(VI) sorption onto R1 were: pH 2, 10 h and 8 g L-1 of sorbent concentration, were 98.6% removal was obtained. Cr(VI) maximum removal onto R2 of 98.8% was achieved at pH 2, 50 min and 10 g L-1 of sorbent concentration. Comparing with the limit permitted by Brazilian legislation, CONAMA 430, for industrial wastewaters, the final Cr(VI) concentration in water were below the maximum established by law (0.1 mg L-1). From these results, equilibrium isotherms were build and the mathematical models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips were fitted to the experimental data. For the R1 sorbent, Langmuir and Sips models fitted better the experiments, with R2 values of 0.897 and 0.907, respectively. Sips model described better the experimental data when the R2 sorbent was used, with a R2 of 0.954. Results showed that Moatize’s coal waste can be utilized for hexavalent chromium wastewater treatment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1997Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martines_mau_dr_araiq.pdf: 2947884 bytes, checksum: 72629200eaa3a20a5b20f28125019cc8 (MD5) / Sílica contendo crômio faz parte de uma classe importante de materiais devido às aplicações como catalisador de polimerização e de oxidação, fibras ópticas, laseres e preparação de pigmentos. Este trabalho está dividido em duas partes. A primeira refere-se ao gel úmido e seco de sílica contendo crômio. Os géis foram preparados fazendo-se a mistura das soluções de silicato de sódio solúvel (vidrolíquido) e de soluções aquosas de nitrato de crômio em pH 4 ou 9 previamente ajustado, ou em 4 após a mistura das soluções. O gel foi caracterizado por espectroscopia eletrônica de absorção no ultravioleta -visível e por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. A morfologia dos géis de sílica e de sílica contendo crômio é dependente do valor de pH e da ordem de mistura dos reagentes. Este efeito é atribuído às espécies poliméricas do crômio diferenciadas presentes na solução que controlam a forma da partícula. Partículas esféricas podem ser obtidas pelo colapso de microgel com alto grau de ligação cruzada. A outra parte do trabalho consiste na preparação de sílica contendo crômio por dois métodos: aquecimento convencional e banho de ultra-som nas temperaturas de 50 e 80oC. O gel obtido foi tratado por extrações com soluções ácidas, extrações com água e diálise, e seco em forno de microondas. As amostras de sílica/crômio em pó foram submetidas ao tratamento térmico em temperaturas de 200 a 1400oC, com intervalos de 200oC, sob atmosfera... / Chromium-containing silica belongs to an important class of materials having technological applications such as polymerization and oxidation catalyses, lasers, pigments and optical fibers. The chromium-containing silica and pure silica gels were obtained by mixing solutions of soluble sodium silicate (water glass) and chromium nitrate with adjusted pH 4 or 9 previously. Other method to prepare the gels was carried out by mixing water glass and chromium nitrate solutions and then the pH 4. The gel was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopic. The gel morphology is dependent on the pH value and the order of mixture of reagents. This effect is due to the nature of polymeric shape of chromium species in solution. Spherical particles can be obtained from microgel collapsing with high degree of cross linking . The second part of this work deals with powders obtained from gels. The chromium-containing silica and silica powders were obtained from gel by two methods: i) conventional heating at temperatures of 80 and 50oC and ii) sonication and heating at 80 and 50oC. The resultant colloidal silica was treated by continuous extraction acid solution in followed by extraction in distilled water and then dialyzed against distilled water and dried in microwave oven. The samples were...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

PART A The syntheses, spectroscopic and electrochemical characterisation of a series of titanium and tantalum phthalocyanine complexes are reported. The complexes are unsubstituted and substituted at either the peripheral or non-peripheral positions with sulphonates, aryloxy, arylthio or amino groups. The complexes mostly exhibit Qbands in the near-infrared region as well as interesting properties in different solvents. The interaction of differently sulphonated titanium and tantalum phthalocyanine complexes with methyl viologen (MV[superscript 2+]), and hence the stoichiometry and association constants are evaluated. Detailed photophysicochemical properties of the complexes were investigated and are for the first time presented with fluorescence lifetimes easily obtained from fluorescence quenching studies. The transformation of 1-hexene photocatalysed by aryloxy- and arylthio-appended complexes is also presented for the first time. The electrochemical properties of the complexes are unknown and are thus presented. Cyclic (CV) and square wave (SWV) voltammetries, chronocoulometry and spectroelectrochemistry are employed in the study of the complexes. Two oneelectron reductions and a simultaneous 4-electron reduction are observed for the unsubstituted Cl[subscript 3]TaPc. Reduction occurs first at the metal followed by ring-based processes. The tetra- and octa-substituted derivatives however exhibit peculiar electrochemical behaviour where a multi-electron transfer process occurs for complexes bearing certain substituents. For all complexes, the first two reductions are metal-based followed by ring-based processes. A comparative study of the electrocatalytic activities of the complexes towards the oxidation of nitrite is also investigated. The complexes are immobilised onto a glassy carbon electrode either by drop-dry or electropolymerisation methods. All the modified electrodes exhibit improved electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite than the unmodified electrodes by a twoelectron mechanism producing nitrate ions. Catalytic currents are enhanced and nitrite overpotential reduced to ~ 0.60 V. Kinetic parameters are determined for all complexes and a mechanism is proposed. PART B: The syntheses and electrochemical characterisation of chromium and titanium complexes for the selective trimerisation of ethylene to 1-hexene are presented. The synthesis of the chromium complex requires simple steps while tedious steps are used for the air-sensitive titanium complex. The spectroscopic interaction of the chromium complex with the co-catalyst methylaluminoxane is investigated. The complexes are characterised by electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry.