The point of the problems of peasant workers in city is that the binary economy in China city and country has separated peasants and city residents as two different identity systems. Household system was deployed in China in 1950 to strictly limit the labor force of rural village, peasants were isolated from the city, and rural village became the sacrifice under the industrialization policy and developed slowly. Peasant workers play a vital role in the procedure of economy development in mainland China in recent years, the enormous and cheap labor force attracts foreign capital and Taiwan capital enterprises involve into China market to lead the development of district economy, it became a problem that China government put emphasis on due to the gradually emerge of labor dispute and social conflicts. Peasant workers have no opportunity to participate in social and political life; have no ability to maintain self rights, and become the ¡§silent class¡¨ in the city society. In the respect of economy, the labor disputes emerged in endless caused by the delay payment to peasant workers and resulted in sever social public security incidents, and laid a layer of shade upon the ¡§harmony society¡¨ leaded by Chinese Communist Party; in the respect of society, the class of peasant workers isn¡¦t approved by the city, the social exclusion and prejudice are all-pervasive owing to the enlargement of the gap between the rich and poor and created profound painful influence on the social attitude of peasant workers. The problem of peasant workers reflects not only the market failure due to imperfect market system but also the failure of the policies of Chinese Communist Party, and the emerge of civil organizations compensate the gap between the government and society, the NGOs of China thereby concern the problems of peasant workers and attempt to get involve in the aspects that government can¡¦t achieved. This text dissertates mainly from the social levels and class respects to explore the status of peasants and causes of being discriminated; to analyze the leadership of Chinese Communist Party how to bring up corresponding solution focused on the sever social problems caused by peasant workers; to explore whether the relationship between nation and society also changed in Mainland China during the development procedure of peasant workers and what¡¦s the context and direction of change.