No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Antonio Carlos Vilela.pdf: 1562012 bytes, checksum: 6336ba47d980fb5d06f60391e0fc9e7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-09 / This study has had as objective, the identification of the main factors responsible for the loss of competitiveness in the Brazilian?s printing and coated industry. Coated wood free. For this identification was applied a strategy of data evaluation through structured interviews with four professionals with experience in the Paper Sector. It was used information issued in articles, magazines, dissertations, newspapers and on top of that primary and secondary data from the Pulp and Paper Sector were used, specifically the coated wood free for printing segment. The study had as assumption that there was loss of competitiveness in the Brazilian market, and the main factor responsible for this loss could be attributed to a systemic factor, the exchange rate. There was an increase of importation and reduction of exportation in the period of the study. The main factors identified in the interviews in sequence of importance and according to the interviewers were; exchange rate, the illegal usage of duty free operation during the importation and the lack of update the industrial equipments in the Brazilian Mills The currency, as a main factor of competitiveness loss for the Coated paper sector and it was confirmed through the evaluation of secondary figures of importation grow and exportation reduction in the period of 2003 till 2008. Other factor, the illegal usage of duty free operation during the importation, was based only in the perception of the interviewers; there were no dada available due to the subjectivity of this topic. The third factor, the lack of update the industrial equipments in the Brazilian Mills appointed during the interviews. It could be confirmed in the analyze of the world?s fastest paper machines and more competitive in the world in comparison with Brazilian?s paper machines which speed are very far from the more competitive machines in the world. The Brazil is not even mentioned in this article of machines caparison. When the factors that determine the competitiveness of printing coated papers are analyzed in group, the conclusion is that Brazil is not competitive in this segment due to several business factors. The currency that is a systemic factor and appears in the periods of currency valuation works in the process of exposure of the low competitiveness already existent. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os principais fatores que levaram a ind?stria brasileira de papel de imprimir revestido, o Couch?, ? perda de competitividade. Para identifica??o desses fatores foi aplicada a estrat?gia de an?lise de dados atrav?s da realiza??o de entrevista estruturada com quatro profissionais experientes ligados ao setor de pap?is, informa??es publicadas em artigos, revistas, teses e disserta??es, alem dos dados prim?rios e secund?rios do setor de celulose e papel, especificamente os do segmento do papel de imprimir revestidos ? o Couch?. Dentro deste objetivo foi adotada a suposi??o de que houve perda de competitividade no mercado brasileiro, e que um dos principais fatores da perda desta competitividade poderia ser atribu?do a um fator sist?mico, o cambio, havendo aumento das importa??es e redu??o das exporta??es no per?odo estudado. Os principais fatores identificados nas entrevistas, por ordem de import?ncia e segundo os entrevistados, foram: o cambio, a pr?tica desleal de isen??o tribut?ria e a falta de atualiza??o do parque industrial brasileiro. O cambio, como principal fator de perda de competitividade do setor de pap?is revestidos, pode ser corroborado atrav?s da an?lise dos dados secund?rios de importa??o crescente e exporta??o declinante no per?odo analisado de 2003 a 2008. O outro fator de pr?tica desleal da isen??o tribut?ria ficou apenas na percep??o dos entrevistados, n?o havendo dados dispon?veis para sua avalia??o pelo pr?prio grau de subjetividade deste tema. O terceiro fator de perda de competitividade apontado nas entrevistas foi a falta de atualiza??o do parque industrial brasileiro. Isto pode ser confirmado pela an?lise dos dados das m?quinas de papel mais velozes e competitivas do mundo em compara??o com as do Brasil, cujas velocidades est?o muito aqu?m das mais competitivas do mundo. O Brasil n?o ? sequer citado no artigo comparativo. Quando os fatores determinantes da competitividade dos pap?is de imprimir revestidos s?o analisados em conjunto, observa-se que o Brasil n?o ? competitivo neste segmento devido a diversos fatores empresarias. Quando a quest?o cambial, que ? um fator sist?mico, aparece em per?odos de valoriza??o cambial, este somente exp?e e agrava mais ainda esta baixa competitividade existente.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-235).

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

In this thesis, we fabricate the quantum dots (QDs) micro-pillar of metal-coated by E-beam lithography, and analyze the optical and electrical properties of micro-pillar cavity devices. For the sample materials, we use S-K mode to grow 3-layer In0.75Ga0.25As QDs structures sandwiched by up and down Al0.5Ga0.5As cladding layer on GaAs substrate by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). 40nm GaAs spacer layers with 2nm p-modulation doping in the central barrier are adopted in this study. The micro-pillar with diameter of 2 m, metal coated on top (p-type) and down (n-type) facet are designed. The good reflectivities of metal contacts provide more energy extraction inside the cavity. We expect the device lasing while the current injection. First, we design the morphology and size of patterns by AutoCAD software. Then, we use e-beam lithography with proper exposure condition to define the patterns, and thermal evaporation to deposit metals. The superfluous metal is lifted off and the defined area metal is served as dry etching mask to transfer the pattern to the dielectric layer and epi-layer. Finally, we use SiO2 layer to prevent current leakage, and the p-n contact on each facet to complete the devices. Micro-pillar samples with/without metal coated are analyzed by micro-PL system. The emission wavelength of 1282nm and the calculated Q-value of 100 are obtained for the sample with metal coated, an increase of 500%. From the EL measurement results, the device of micro-pillar samples with metal coated generate three peaks, 1149nm, 1221nm and 1291nm. Besides, it can efficiently improve the emission intensities. The measured result matched the simulation result.

In many regions of the world, groundwater is contaminated with a high level of arsenic that must be treated before it can be safely used as drinking water. In situ immobilization of arsenic from groundwater within subsurface environment could have major advantages over the conventional above-ground chemical coagulation-precipitation treatment process. In this study, we develop a novel technique that can in situ emplace iron oxides onto the sand grain surface of porous media under mild chemical and temperature conditions. The technique involves sequential injections of a preconditioned ferrous iron solution and an oxidant solution and then orchestrate the advective-diffusive transport of the two reagents in porous media to create an overlapped reaction zone where ferrous iron is oxidized and precipitated on the sand grain surfaces. We demonstrate through bench-scale column tests the feasibility of using this technique to create a large-scale iron oxide-enriched reactive barrier in subsurface environment for in situ removal of arsenic. A sand filter with a fresh iron oxide coating can treat thousands of pore volumes of water contaminated with dozens of ppb arsenic before the coating needs to be regenerated. Arsenic breakthrough curves through the sand filter suggest that both reversible adsorption and irreversible precipitation are responsible for removing arsenic from the water. Unlike conventional excavate-and-fill permeable reactive barriers, the treatment capacity of our in situ created barrier can be in situ regenerated and replenished with a fresh coating.

No description available.

No description available.