Thesis (M.S.)--Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas de la OEA. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-178).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliographical essay: leaves 220-230.

Thesis--Montpellier, 1918. / Bibliography: p. 85-87.

Inaug.-Diss.--Leipzig. / Vita.

Thesis--Paris. / Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis is primarily concerned with the activities of a group of Finnish-Canadians in British Columbia. They attempted to found an Utopian community on Malcolm Island between 1901 and 1905. The activities of these people, the Kalevan Kansa or descendants of Kaleva, an ancient Finnish mythological figure, were millenarian in nature. During this period there were distinct changes in their social relations and their new undertakings predicted the arrival of a different and more ideal form of social organization. The content of that organization was revealed to them by their leader, Matti Kurikka, who proposed to make a joint-stock company the basis of the new community. The subsequent settlement scheme was known as the Kalevan Kansa Colonization Company, Limited. Indicative of their aspirations, Kurikka and his followers named their new community Sointula, the place of harmony. In order to explore more fully the millenarian activities this thesis also investigates their roots in the historical development of Finnish identity and the ability of Finns to fulfill those perceptions in day to day activities. In addition, the thesis focuses on the related problems concerning identity encountered in the aftermath of the Kalevan Kansa Colonization Company by those settlers who remained at Sointula. The activities which were undertaken in the relatively brief period between 1901 and 1905 represented a rapid coalescing of ideas and aspirations into activities. Among the Vancouver Island Finns who were primarily coal miners the new society appeared immanent. To them and to others who came from various parts of the United States, Canada and Europe the vision of the joint-stock company encompassed recognizable characteristics of a more ideal form of social organization. As such the Kalevan Kansa Colonization Company provides an empirically accountable and distinctive aspect of the Kalevan Kansa movement. From its description and aims it is possible to make suggestions about the intellectual and charismatic appeal of Matti Kurikka and about some of the aspirations of the participants themselves. However, the fundamental nature of the energy released by the Utopian vision largely remains to be inferred. The first chapter of the thesis presents a brief ethnographic introduction to the activities of the Kalevan Kansa during this period. In addition, it proposes some relevant methodological considerations reflective of the content of millenarian situations. These considerations influence the direction and content of the following chapters. The approach which is taken remains open ended inasmuch as the activities of the Kalevan Kansa are seen as part of a much broader historical process which is reflective of the ethnographic situation as well as of certain more universal anthropological problems. The method adopted cannot provide an explicit account of why the activities took the direction they did nor why they occurred at a particular time. However, it does focus on the dynamics inherent within a continuing set of problems and contradictions to be resolved. As such it has permitted a form of discussion which has not been totally bound to the contingencies of the situation. Yet, the character of the Utopian activity of the Kalevan Kansa remains significant in terms of its all consuming nature and its attempt to institute an idealistic social order. As such, it was clearly religious in nature and represented a societal rite of passage. The second chapter is primarily historical. By taking into account the historical background of the Kalevan Kansa, further light is shed onto the goals and activities of the group. The past has provided only a partial answer to questions of origin since the movement in many aspects remained independent of its historical legacy. However, it provided a point of departure. Inasmuch as the method employed and suggested by the content and focus of this chapter remains applicable to other situations it is anthropological. The third chapter explores the Utopian activities in detail. Chronologically, the discussion moves from a point where the Finns were regarded as being morally and materially inferior to others. From there the chapter moves to a discussion about the redefinition of power and the nature of individual obligations articulated by the chosen leader, to the eventual attempt to realize the new way of being in terms of appropriate social relationships. Progressively it was apparent among the Kalevan Kansa that the vision of the joint-stock company could not provide the emotional and intellectual unity which could overcome individual and ideological differences. As increasing numbers of the participants began to ignore their obligations without sanction the energy of the movement was consumed by conflicting interests. The activities of the Kalevan Kansa can, however, be differentiated from the more mundane forms of political and economic unrest among disparate groups by the sudden emergence of emotional and moral passion focused and activated by their leader, Kurikka. The final chapter looks at Sointula during an active period of socialist politics after the failure of the Kalevan Kansa Colonization Company, Limited. In conjunction with these activities which were largely group-oriented, the chapter also focuses on the content of individual experiences among a particular group within the community. Insights are derived from fieldwork interviews and from a thematic and structural analysis of a corpus of narrative songs. Throughout the thesis the focus remains on the central issues of identity and the moral implications that its varying definitions have implied. The ethnographic detail provides an indication of how a particular group of people chose to confront the problem and of how its constituents were reformulated through a series of encounters in a historical time span. In this series the millenarian activities of the Kalevan Kansa were the most unique and profound in their intensity and appeal. A comprehensive bibliography of relevant sources in English and Finnish follows the text. The thesis also contains six appendixes. The first is my translation of Matti Halminen's first hand account of the Utopian activities at Sointula and his role in them. The next four appendixes contain copies of documents relevant to the Kalevan Kansa Colonization Company, Limited. The last appendix is a collection of Finnish song texts recorded at Sointula in 1973. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

In the scholarly literature, colonizationists and radical abolitionists are portrayed as composing perpetually warring camps. While that may have been true at the state and national levels of the movements, the evidence suggests that the relationship between the groups was much more fluid at the grassroots. In Washington County, Pennsylvania, colonizationists and radical abolitionists cooperated on various community-development initiatives during the 1830s. Slavery was important to these community elites. But other issues were just as important to them, if not more. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / History / MA; / Thesis;

This dissertation is a history of sleeping sickness research work and prevention programs during the German colonial period in East Africa, focusing on the regions around Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika. It examines efforts to study and prevent sleeping sickness, analyzing how both fit into the social, political, and economic dynamics of African life. It covers two phases of German colonial attention to epidemic sleeping sickness between 1902 and 1914: an initial phase of research and scientific expeditions from 1902 to 1906, then a period dominated by the introduction of disease prevention measures in affected areas from 1907 to 1914. Highlighting the local complexity and far-reaching impact of sleeping sickness, I show that sleeping sickness research and prevention emerged from the intersection of tropical medicine expertise, African mobility, and German colonial and African politics. Sleeping sickness, and subsequent efforts toward its treatment and prevention, redefined the boundaries of political power and social influence within African communities during a crucial period of change in the region. By creating new arenas of engagement between African communities and European scientists, specifically in newly-built sleeping sickness camps and among the African medical auxiliaries employed in them, sleeping sickness work created economic relationships, reshaped social and political hierarchies, and set new ground rules for African agriculture and trade. Kings, chiefs, and colonial scientists contended with African communities' demands for treatment, their resistance to examination, and their claims on the use of land and waterways. Further, inter-colonial sleeping sickness research and subsequent prevention programs played a pivotal role in the development of tropical medicine, strengthening disciplinary boundaries and defining the trajectory of future research. My work weaves together narratives of research and disease prevention from metropolitan Europe and East Africa, in contrast to strictly colonial and national histories of health and medicine that have preceded it.

Probiotics are live microorganisms which when consumed in adequate amounts confer a health benefit upon the host. Commonly associated with the gastrointestinal tract of warm blooded animals, Lactobacillus species are often used as probiotics. Benefits of probiotic Lactobacillus use include improved digestive health, immune modulation, and increased resistance to enteric pathogens. Benefits of probiotic administration to poultry production include improved performance and feed conversion, reduced mortality, and improved food safety due to reduced colonization by human foodborne pathogens. Adherence to intestinal epithelia and persistence in the gastrointestinal tract is antecedent to the realization of benefits of probiotic lactobacilli. Lactobacillus species produce proteins, including fibronectin binding proteins, mucus binding proteins, and surface layer proteins, that associate with host factors and are responsible for bacterial adhesion. In vitro assays based on stable cell lines have been used to investigate adherence of Lactobacillus to epithelial cells. However, there have been no studies using poultry derived epithelial cell lines. In this study, we have developed an assay based on the chicken LMH epithelial cell line to investigate adherence and colonization of Lactobacillus species in poultry. Adherence assays revealed Lactobacillus crispatus ST1, Lactobacillus crispatus JCM 5810, Lactobacillus gallinarum ATCC 33199, and Lactobacillus gallinarum JCM 8782 were able to effectively adhere to the chicken LMH cell line when compared to low-adherent Bacillus subtilis and high-adherent Salmonella controls. Administration of these rifampicin resistant variants of these Lactobacillus cultures to broiler chicks revealed these cultures to transiently colonize the gastrointestinal tract. L. crispatus ST1 and L. gallinarum ATCC 33199 were found to persist more effectively than L. crispatus JCM 5810 and L. gallinarum JCM 8782. These studies of the adherence and colonization of poultry by Lactobacillus cultures are expected to contribute to improved understanding of the functionality of these microorganisms in poultry production.