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The aim of this thesis is to realize analysis of problematics of aerodynamic calculations of steam boilers on the part of combustion air. On the basis of project documentation realize evaluations of sectional dissipation factors of each component of inlet tract. Realize calculation of summary pressure (draft) loss. Specify components with highest loss and propose options of their optimization.

Följande rapport återspeglar ett examensarbete utfört hos Solör Bioenergi, examensarbetet har syftat till att utvärdera den höga andelen oförbränt som uppstår vid deras förbränning. Solör äger anläggningen i Nora och förser orten med fjärrvärme. Detta sker genom förbränning av biomassa och bränslet utgörs av sågspån och stamvedsflis. Under en stor del av eldningssäsongen blandas dessa bränslen med varandra men under säsongens varma perioder eldas enbart sågspån. För utvärderingen har information från kurslitteratur inhämtats, dessutom har studerande av forskningsrapporter hjälpt till att samla in kunskap för projektet och vilka faktorer som kan påverka en förbränning. Resultatet av litteraturstudien har jämförts med en utförd nulägesanalys tillsammans med flertalet intervjuer med drifttekniker, anläggningsansvarig och externa entreprenörer. Denna arbetsmetodik har skapat en samlad bild över förbränningen i pannan och har möjliggjort utformningen av en lista över åtgärdsförslag. Listan återfinns i ett, tillsammans med en ekonomisk kalkyl, eget avsnitt. Pålitligheten hos de rekommenderade åtgärderna har också kunnat bekräftats med en provkörning, där tillämpad teori har förbättrat förbränningen. En generell slutsats  som kan dras efter arbetet visar hur viktig en bra processtyrning är för ett ökat bränsleutnyttjande, detta kan förenklat sammanfattas med grundregeln för utformning av styrsystem: -Det som kan automatiseras, bör automatiseras. / The following report reflects a degree project carried out at Solör Bioenergi, the project has aimed to evaluate the high proportion of unburned that occurs during their combustion. Solör owns the plant in Nora and supplies the town with district heating. This is done by burning biomass and the fuel consists of sawdust and stemwood chips. During a large part of the heating season, these fuels are mixed with each other. But during the warm season, only sawdust is burned. For the evaluation, information from course literature has been collected. Together with studying of research reports, they have helped to gather knowledge for the project and what factors can affect an combustion. The results of the literature study have been compared with a performed current situation analysis together with several interviews with operating technicians, plant managers and external contractors. This working methodology has created an overall picture of combustion in the boiler and has enabled the design of a list of proposed measures. The list can be found in a separate section, together with a financial calculation. The reliability of the recommended measures has also been confirmed with a test run, where applied theory has improved combustion. A general conclusion that can be drawn after the work shows how important a good process control is for increased fuel utilization, this can be summarized with the basic rule for the design of control systems: -What can be automated, should be automated.

This diploma thesis is dedicated to the design of a combustion air heater for a biomass boiler with a water content of over 60%. The first part of the thesis describes biomass and its use in energetics. Furthermore, the stoichiometry of combustion, heat transfer in the exchanger, design of dimensions and air pressure losses are calculated. The last chapter describes the method of air heating regulation.

This diploma thesis deals with combustion of wood in small fireplace, fireplace inlay specifically. This thesis is divided into four main parts. First chapters follow up stoves and their construction. The second parts describes the calculation and design of the stove. The third part focuses on the manufacturing of fireplace. At the end there is a description of experimental measurements produced a prototype, the determination of emmisions and efficiency.

The thesis is focused on structural design of unconventional experimental combustion air preheater into drawing documentation needed for production and realization. Strength and expansion control of exposed elements of construction is also included in the thesis. The final design is obtained by gradual specification of pre-designed and strength and expansion controlled elements of construction. The work also includes discussion of structural properties of the final design.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá předehřevem spalovacího vzduchu a jeho vlivem na parametry spalovacího procesu. V teoretické části je zpracován přehled nejčastějších znečišťujících látek z průmyslového spalování. Je popsána aktuálně platná relevantní legislativa v Evropské unii a jsou porovnány její implementace do národní legislativy v České republice a v Německu. Dále je provedena klasifikace hořáků z hlediska různých kritérií a rešerše předchozí práce v oblasti předehřevu spalovacího vzduchu. Na zkušebně hořáků byla provedena experimentální studie dvou různých hořáků na zemní plyn při konstantním tepelném příkonu 750 kW se spalovacím vzduchem předehřátým až na 250 °C. Výsledky odhalily pozitivní vliv předehřevu na účinnost spalování. Množství emisí NOx a CO naopak rostlo s teplotou spalovacího vzduchu.

The thesis is focused on the experimental investigation of the oxygen enhanced combustion technology (OEC), which uses the combustion air with higher concentration of oxygen, i.e. more than 21 %. The OEC technology is used in those industrial applications, which requires higher thermal efficiency, increased productivity, improved character of the flame, reduced equipment cost, lower volume of exhaust gases and improved product quality. Although this technology involves a number of advantages, it is appropriate to mention some of its disadvantages such as refractory damage, inconsistent heating, increased pollutant emission or flame disturbance and/or flashback. The combustion tests of OEC were carried out at the burners testing facility that enables to test many types of burners (gaseous, liquid, or combined). The two-staged low-NOx burner fired by natural gas was used during the tests. The observed parameters include the effect of oxygen concentration in the combustion air on the NOx emissions, heat flux into the wall of the combustion chamber, in-flame temperature distribution in the horizontal symmetry plane of the combustion chamber and also the shape and dimensions of the flame. The combustion tests of the air-enrichment, air-oxy/fuel and O 2 lancing OEC methods were carried out at the burner thermal input of 750 kW and air excess of 1,1 for two combustion regimes, namely one-staged and two-staged fuel supply.

The diploma thesis deals with design of gas steam boiler with given parameters of steam. Blast furnace and coke oven gas are used as fuel. At the beginning of this work, both co-fired fuels are presented to us, their chemical analysis and stoichiometry are performed. The main part of the diploma thesis deals with the dimensioning of individual heat exchange surfaces such as steam superheaters, evaporators, economizers and air heaters. All heat exchange surfaces meet recommended parameters such as recommended steam rates, flue gas, etc. At the end, the total heat balance of the boiler is performed. Part of the work is also drawing documentation showing the main dimensions of the boiler. It is also indicated the connection of individual heat exchange surfaces.