Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Alexander Bordetsky. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40). Also available online.

v.1. Surveillance and target tracking--v.2. Systems architecture and evaluation--v.3. Communication, data bases & decision support--v.4. C3 theory. / edited by Michael Athans ... [et al.]. / Includes bibliographies. / "OSP number 85552"--Cover. / Library has v. 2 only. / Workshop suppported by the Office of Naval Research under contract ONR/N00014-77-C-0532

v.1. Surveillance and target tracking--v.2. Systems architecture and evaluation--v.3. Communication, data bases & decision support--v.4. C3 theory. / edited by Michael Athans ... [et al.]. / Includes bibliographies. / "OSP number 85552"--Cover. / Library has v. 2 only. / Workshop suppported by the Office of Naval Research under contract ONR/N00014-77-C-0532

v.1. Surveillance and target tracking--v.2. Systems architecture and evaluation--v.3. Communication, data bases & decision support--v.4. C3 theory. / edited by Michael Athans ... [et al.]. / Includes bibliographies. / "OSP number 85552"--Cover. / Library has v. 2 only. / Workshop suppported by the Office of Naval Research under contract ONR/N00014-77-C-0532

Prepared by: Alexander H. Levis. / "April 5, 1985." "OSP Number 93495." / Bibliography: p. 4-5. / Final report. / Contract Number N00014-83-K-0185(NR 274-349)

prepared by Michael Athans; submitted to J. Randolph Simpson, Code 111SP, Office of Naval Research. / "June 1987." Title from cover. "MIT OSP no. 85552." / Includes bibliographical references. / Funded by the Office of Naval Research. N00014-77-C-0532 NR 041-519.

Este trabalho propõe uma discussão em torno dos impactos da digitalização sobre sistemas militares de comando e controle. A hipótese central é que o emprego intensivo de tecnologias digitais está associado a um maior risco de sobrecarga informacional nesses sistemas. Isso se aplica em especial às forças militares que adotaram doutrinas de viés tecnocrático, como a guerra centrada em redes. No primeiro capítulo, discutimos o contexto no qual nosso tema de pesquisa se insere, fazendo uma breve retrospectiva do processo de digitalização e também definindo alguns conceitos-chave. No segundo capítulo, em formato de artigo, apresentamos o modelo computacional que foi desenvolvido para simular o funcionamento de um sistema de comando e controle sob a condição de sobrecarga informacional. O artigo também reúne uma revisão crítica das abordagens sobre comando e controle, com ênfase na literatura sobre guerra centrada em redes. O terceiro e último capítulo traz algumas conclusões sobre o emprego da modelagem computacional como metodologia de pesquisa e o estado atual do debate sobre guerra centrada e redes. / This work proposes a discussion on the impacts of digitization over military command and control systems. The central hypothesis is that the intensive deployment of digital technologies is associated to a greater risk of informational overload in those systems. This applies especially to military forces that have adopted doctrines with a technocratic bias, such as the network-centric warfare. In the first chapter, we discuss the context that encompass our research topic, making a brief retrospective of the process of digitization and defining some key concepts. In the second chapter, in form of article, we present the computational model developed for simulating the operation of a command and control system under the condition of informational overload. The article also contains a critical review on the command and control approaches, with emphasis on the literature about network-centric warfare. The third and last chapter brings out some conclusions regarding the use of computational modeling as a research method and the current state of the debate on network-centric warfare.

Social reasoning and norms of a group of individuals that share a set of cultural traits are largely fashioned by those traits. We explored a few predominant sociological, cultural traits and developed a methodology for parametrically adjusting them. This exploratory study shows promise toward a capability to deliberately tune cultural group traits in order to produce desired group behavior. In order to validate our methodology, we implemented a prototypical agent based simulated intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance scenario. In this simulation, a group of simulated agents traverse a hostile territory while a user adjusts cultural group trait values. The group and individual utilities are dynamically observed against values of selected cultural traits. Uncertainty avoidance index and individualism are the cultural traits we explored in depth. Upon user's training of the correspondence between cultural values and system utilities, the user is able to deliberately produce desired system utilities by issuing changes to trait values. Appropriateness of specific cultural values is not universal but determined by the domain and scenarios. This work heralds a path for control of large systems via parametric cultural adjustments.

Command and Control (C2) refers to the process or function of commanding and controlling military or civilian units. For most military context C2 is exercised in an adversarial environment where two or more forces are fighting against each other. In these situations it is desirable to constrain the adversarial forces in order to prevent them from achieving their objectives. By maintaining an accurate view of the possible dependencies and couplings within the own forces and between the own and adversarial forces, constraints can be managed and coordinated. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model that is capable of capturing these dependencies and couplings. This model is developed using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM; Hollnagel, 2004). FRAM builds on the assumption that all parts of the system can be described as functional units. These functional units can then be linked together to form large systems. The links themselves are defined by how a function may affect other functions or in turn be affected by them. This enables the model to incorporate complex interactions within the system as well as between two adversarial systems. The microworld “Dynamiskt Krigsspel för Experiment” (DKE) was used to develop the model. A scenario with two teams battling in this adversarial microworld setting was analyzed in detail for this purpose. The developed model uses three different layers, or resolutions, of functions to capture all potential couplings between functions. The lowest level of functions, called the tactical level, is the physical actions of the units in the microworld. The next level, the operational level, concerns the more overarching goals for which the tactical functions are used. Last, the strategic level consists of the C2 functions, such as data collection, sensemaking and planning. The developed model is then applied to the scenario in DKE and shown to be able to describe and explain all actions by the two adversary systems as well as the couplings and dependencies between them.

Mobilt Kärnnät (MKN) är benämningen på kommunikationsinfrastrukturen i Försvarsmaktens Ledningssystem IO 2014. MKN realiseras genom sammankoppling av mobila noder som är grupperade vid staber och förband inom markarenan. Ett flertal transmissionssystem och transmissionsmedia kan användas för sammankoppling. I detta arbete har sammankoppling med två olika radiolänksystem studerats. Radiolänk 371 utvecklades för att hantera transmissionen i arméns tidigare sambandssystem, Telesystem 9000. Radiolänk 373 är under utveckling och införande. Utgångspunkten för jämförelsen har varit MKN kravställning. Kraven har inordnats under ett urval den militära lämplighetens indikatorer, som är en del i konceptet för militär nytta, för att ge svar på om det införandet av det nya systemet kan bidra till den militära nyttan. Arbetet indikerar att införandet av ett nytt radiolänksystem som transmissionssystem i MKN kommer att bidra till den militära nyttan genom ökad överföringskapacitet i nätet, möjligheter till större flexibilitet vid upprättande av transmissionsnätet och det nya radiolänksystemets förmåga att sända och mottaga i två riktningar samtidigt, med olika moduleringsformer, med endast en utrustning. / Radio relay links is used to connect the system nodes within the land component commands communication network structure. The radio relay link-system used today, Radio relay link 371, was developed in the mid-80s to support the former communication network structure, Telecommunication System 9000. The development of technology since has made the old radio relay link outdated and the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration has developed a new radio relay link system, RL 373, to the Swedish Armed Forces. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the new radio relay link better contributed to the military utility, by comparing the two radio relay link systems towards the demands that are set for the communication network structure. The study indicates that the implementation of the new radio relay link better contributes to the military utility by adding increased flexibility, both tactical and technical and it also supports higher transmission speeds. The new system is also able to establish two connections in different directions from one piece of equipment and the adaptive modulation capability built in the system also contributes to the desired flexibility.