Die Bildung von virtuellen Teams gewinnt in Unternehmen aufgrund der zunehmenden Flexibilisierung der Arbeit, der Vernetzung von Unternehmensstandorten und der Integration von Kunden in Projekten immer stärker an Bedeutung. Die Entwicklung der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik (IuK-Technik; z.B. Telefon, E-Mail, Groupware-Systeme) ermöglicht es, Mitarbeiter an unterschiedlichen Standorten (u.U. in unterschiedlichen Zeitzonen) miteinander so zu verbinden, dass sie gemeinsam eine Aufgabe bearbeiten können. Die Mitarbeiter virtueller Teams werden dafür nach den erforderlichen Kernkompetenzen ausgewählt. Charakterisierend für diese Art flexibler Arbeitsstrukturen kann daher auch eine interdisziplinäre und interkulturelle Vielfalt der Mitarbeiter sein (vgl. vier Virtualitätsdimensionen nach Vartiainen, 2003).

本研究為探究鄉村型生態社區實踐及推動的關鍵因素，綜合質化研究與量化研究，以「文獻分析」、「個案研究」及「專家問卷」為本研究之研究方法。首先以「文獻分析」透過社區總體營造及生態社區相關文獻的經驗與借鏡，彙整過去學術研究的寶貴經驗，探討推動生態社區的關鍵因素；再以「個案研究」釐清鄉村型生態社區的基礎資源及資源運用於永續功能實踐情況，探究社區轉化為永續經營的重要關鍵，並彙整推動生態社區之關鍵因素；再運用層級分析法之理論，歸納「文獻分析」及「個案研究」之研究成果，設計「專家問卷」，以社區的內部條件及外部支援資源為組成構面，建置推動鄉村型生態社區的關鍵因素指標架構第一階層為「A.政府」、「B.夥伴」、「C.社區團隊」、「D.社區環境」等四個層面，並歸納第二階層有「A1.生態社區人才培訓年齡」等二十個因素指標，並針對業界、政府部門、學界、社區等領域中之專家進行問卷調查，將回收之23份有效問卷利用專家決策分析軟體（Expert Choice 2000）進行統計之分析。 專家問卷調查分析結果得知推動鄉村型生態社區之層面首重「C.社區團隊」，權重為50.1﹪；關鍵因素整層級權重排序前五名為「C1.領導人」(17.5%)、「C2.組織團隊」(11.8%)、「D1.自然環境」(10.6%)、「C3.社區意識」(9.4%) 、「D2.人文環境」(7.7%)，表示專家認為社區領導者擁有積極態度與能力及社區內民眾參與度高以建立組織健全的架構，為最重要之成功因素，若再能凝聚社區意識與聚合社區居民的行動，實為推動生態社區之最主要關鍵，而鄉村中豐富的自然環境或社區內珍貴人文環境為推廣生態社區之重要條件，於生態社區發展之初，社區必須自我檢視以確立社區生態發展之項目。 根據文獻分析、個案研究及關鍵因素權重分析結果，本研究建議在推動鄉村型生態社區時是由社區自發性開始，策略應由下而上形成，社區能自我成長，並考量外部因素，本研究分別提出社區、政府、夥伴等不同角色下之實踐與推動策略建議，供不同角色在推動生態社區時能參考並靈活且彈性的運用。 / Aimed at researching key factors for rural ecological community development, this study integrates qualitative research and quantitative research and uses “Literature Analysis”, “Case Research” and “Expert Surveys” research methods. Firstly, through “literature analysis”, the study analyzes previous records of community development and ecological community to learn from valuable experiences and organize the findings of previous academic researches for the discussion of key factors for ecological community development. Then, through “case research”, the study attempts to understand the implementation status of the use of rural ecological community basic resources in sustainable development, investigate the key factors for sustainable community development and archive the key factors for ecological community development. Next, using the concepts of Analytic Hierarchy Process, the research results of the “literature analysis” and “case research” are inducted in the design of “Expert Survey”. Using the internal factors and external support resources of the community to form the hierarchy, the key factor indicator framework for rural ecological community development is established with the first level comprising of four factors, “A. Government”, “B. Partner”, “C. Community Team”, and “D. Community Environment” while the second layer inducted over 20 factor indicators such as “A1. Ecological Community Talent Development Age”. Targeted at experts from industries, government departments and academic institutions and communities, 23 sets of effective surveys were collected and statistically analyzed using expert decision analysis software, Expert Choice 2000. From the survey analysis findings, “C. Community Team” has the greatest weight of 50.1%. The top 5 factors in the key factor hierarchy weight are “C1. Leader (17.5%)”, “C2. Organization Team (11.8%)”, “D1. Natural Environment (10.6%)”, “C3. Community Awareness (9.4%)”, and “D2. Cultural Environment (7.7%)”. This finding shows that experts believe that the most important successful factors should be a community leader with active attitudes and competency, and a community with high public participation levels in building an organized structure. If community awareness can be raised and actions of the community coordinated, these will become the main factors in developing ecological communities. As critical factors of ecological community development, the community should perform self-reviews on the rich natural environment or valuable cultural environment of the rural community during the beginning to establish objectives for the ecological development. According to the results from literature analysis, case studies and key factor weight analysis, this study proposes that in the development of rural ecological community, the development should be spontaneous, strategies should be formed from the bottom-up approach, allow for the growth of the community and take external factors into consideration. This study also proposes implementation and promote strategies and suggestions for the different roles such as community, government and partners, providing reference for the different roles in the development of the ecological community and allow flexible application of the information.