Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-11-12T09:53:58Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-12T09:53:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2185418 bytes, checksum: 8edee78b6cc4067e1c81e1ad8e74a457 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Self-compacting concrete (SCC), considered one of the greatest advances in concrete technology, is characterized by its special capacity of filling ability, passing ability and resistance to segregation by the action of its own weight without the presence of other external forces. Taking into consideration the numerous cities and their industries that have caused a considerable increase in the production of solid waste, including industrial waste in SCC has brought about significant environmental benefits. This study aimed to develop a SCC with inclusion of waste from the manufacturing of kaolin, specifically from what is called birra and borra . The most common producers of SCC used limestone filler. In the production of SCC the mix-design method Tutikian (2007) and Gomes (2002) were used as a base, the Marsh funnel and miniature slump tests for paste composition and the compactability test of materials for the fabrication of granulometric skeletons. In order to evaluate the properties of SCC in fresh state tests, the slump flow test, slump flow test T50cm, V-funnel, V-funnel 5min, L-box, U-box and J-ring were used. The possibility of using waste from the kaolin beneficiation in a SCC was proven, where the borra was used as fine material and birra as a replacement for aggregates. In the hardened state, testing of compressive strength were carried out on the 7th and 28th days, resulting in resistance rate of approximately 20 to 40MPa. / O concreto auto-adensável (CAA), considerado como um dos maiores avanços na tecnologia do concreto, é caracterizado por suas capacidades especiais de preenchimento, habilidade de passagem e resistência à segregação pela ação do seu próprio peso sem que existam outras forças externas. Diante do panorama em que as cidades e suas indústrias têm provocado um considerável aumento na produção dos resíduos sólidos, incluir resíduos industriais ao CAA traz benefícios ambientais significativos. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um CAA com inserção de resíduos provenientes da fabricação de caulim, mais especificamente a birra e a borra. No CAA de referência foi utilizado o fíler calcário. Na confecção do CAA foram utilizados como base os métodos de dosagem Tutikian (2007) e Gomes (2002), sendo realizados os testes do Funil de Marsh e mini-cone para composição da pasta e os testes de compacidade dos materiais para confecção dos esqueletos granulométricos. Para avaliar as propriedades do CAA no estado fresco foram executados os testes do espalhamento, espalhamento T50cm, funil-V, funil V 5min, caixa-L, caixa-U e anel-J. Foi constatada a possibilidade de utilizar resíduos provenientes do beneficiamento de caulim em um CAA, a borra como material fino e a birra em substituição de parte dos agregados. No estado endurecido, foram executados testes de resistência à compressão aos 7 e 28 dias, obtendo resistências na faixa aproximada de 20 MPa a 40 MPa.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-11-12T09:53:58Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-12T09:53:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma forma alternativa de se produzir alvos para irradiação contendo urânio, destinados à produção do par de radionuclídeos 99Mo-99mTc. Estes alvos foram obtidos por metalurgia do pó, utilizando-se pós de níquel e de cobre, servindo o compactado como meio de encapsulamento para um cilindro de urânio a ser irradiado. O desenvolvimento compreendeu as etapas de caracterização química e física dos pós-utilizados. Os alvos foram compactados em prensa uniaxial e em prensa isostática a frio. As amostras foram sinterizadas em três atmosferas diferentes: argônio, hidrogênio e em alto vácuo. Quando do uso conjunto de cobre e níquel, foi feita sinterização por dois corpos, i.e., um compactado de níquel contendo o núcleo para ser irradiado e um compactado de cobre para servir de infiltrante. Isto, visando a eliminação de porosidade interconectada, permitindo o selamento do conteúdo físsil no interior do compactado. Os alvos após sinterização foram caracterizados fisicamente sendo avaliada a massa específica, pelo método geométrico e pelo princípio de Arquimedes. A porosidade foi medida pela técnica de porosimetria de mercúrio. Os alvos prontos foram caracterizados micro estruturalmente por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados indicaram que a densificação do níquel foi diretamente proporcional à pressão de compactação obtendo-se 87% de densidade relativa após prensagem a 800 MPa (limite superior de compactação para ligas metálicas) e sinterização por 4 h a 600 ºC em atmosfera de hidrogênio. A sinterização por dois corpos (níquel com cobre) mostrou-se promissora para o uso como invólucro para núcleos, em termos de integridade estrutural e selamento devido à ausência de porosidade interconectada. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-03-31T19:38:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jeovan Pereira das Virgens - 2015.pdf: 10009095 bytes, checksum: a8f3d2a6914adbb0c7cdcf49732ffc57 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-04T11:45:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jeovan Pereira das Virgens - 2015.pdf: 10009095 bytes, checksum: a8f3d2a6914adbb0c7cdcf49732ffc57 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T11:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jeovan Pereira das Virgens - 2015.pdf: 10009095 bytes, checksum: a8f3d2a6914adbb0c7cdcf49732ffc57 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-16 / This paper presents the experimental study of reinforcement concrete columns reinforced with wedge bolts and a 35 mm self compacting concrete jacket at the most compressed face. Nine columns with a 2000 mm height subjected to flexure and bending with initial eccentricity of 60 mm, named as: original column (Po) with a cross section of 120 mm x 250 mm; reference column (Pref) with a cross section of 155 mm x 250 mm and seven columns with a initial cross section of 120 mm x 250 mm, and later reinforced by the addition of 35 mm reinforcing layer, and various configurations of wedge bolts at its most compressed face. Except for the original column (Po), the columns were submitted to a 42.5 mm load eccentricity due to the attached concrete layer at the compressed face. Although failure of the wedge bolts did not accour, it was not possible to prevent detachment of the reinforcing layer. The results indicate that it is possible to structural rehabilitate reinforce concrete columns with the use of the strengthening methodology used in this research, resulting in average load capacity gains of 3,71 times compared to original column load (Po). / O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo experimental de pilares de concreto armado reforçados com parafusos chumbadores e acréscimo de camada com 35 mm de concreto autoadensável na face comprimida. Nove pilares, com alturas de 2000 mm, foram submetidos à flexão composta reta com excentricidade inicial de 60 mm, assim discriminados: um pilar original (Po) com seção transversal de 120 mm x 250 mm; um pilar de referência (Pref) com seção transversal de 155 mm x 250 mm e sete pilares, inicialmente moldados com seção transversal de 120 mm x 250 mm, e após, reforçados através da adição de camada de reforço de 35 mm e diversas configurações de posições de parafusos chumbadores na face comprimida. Exceto o pilar original (Po), os pilares foram submetidos à excentricidade inicial de carga de 42,5 mm, devido ao acréscimo da camada de reforço na face comprimida. Apesar de não ocorrer ruptura dos parafusos chumbadores, não foi possível evitar o desplacamento da camada de reforço. Os resultados obtidos indicam que é possível a reabilitação estrutural de pilares de concreto armado com o uso da metodologia de reforço empregada, obtendo ganho de capacidade de carga média de 3,71 vezes em relação ao pilar original (Po).

Aborda-se, neste trabalho, a tecnologia do concreto auto-adensavel CAA aplicada a producao de pre-fabricados. Destaca-se a contribuicao feita ao Metodo IBRACON, largamente utilizado no pais para a dosagem do concreto comum, a partir de uma nova metodologia de dosagem proposta para o CAA, que considera duas inovacoes principais. A primeira foi o conceito de correcao da coesao do concreto fresco por substituicao de finos pozolanicos ou nao pozolanicos correspondentes, de maior area especifica, de modo que formulacoes mais pobres em cimento exigem maior teor de substituicao quando comparadas com composicoes mais ricas, para manter as mesmas caracteristicas de trabalhabilidade. Com isso, foi possivel acrescentar um 4° quadrante de correlacao dos parametros envolvidos na mistura ao Diagrama de Dosagem do metodo original. A segunda inovacao foi incorporar alguns ensaios de trabalhabilidade especificos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma analise critica dos principais testes disponiveis, apresentando suas vantagens e limitacoes, correlacionando com os parametros reologicos fundamentais, bem como com uma aplicacao pratica, validando-os para a qualificacao do CAA para a producao. Dessa forma, foram estudados tracos com dois niveis de auto-adensabilidade, sem adicoes e com metacaulim ou filer calcario, para resistencias compreendidas entre 50-70MPa, em um amplo programa experimental que totalizou 11 familias de concretos e mais de 55 tracos, no geral. Foram avaliados tambem os cuidados especificos para a producao do CAA, analisando aspectos de produtividade e viabilidade de implantacao, a partir de um estudo voltado a uma empresa especializada. Concluiu-se que o CAA e uma opcao vantajosa para o setor, sobretudo com emprego de adicoes minerais, porem e extremamente necessario haver algumas modificacoes de equipamentos e procedimentos para sua adequacao em fabrica. / This work focus the technology of the self-compacting concrete SCC, applied to the precast production. The main innovation was the contribution made to the IBRACON Method, which is widely utilized in Brazil for conventional concrete design, from the new proposed design methodology for SCC, which considers two main innovations. The first one was the concept of correction of the cohesion of the fresh concrete by substitution of pozzolanics or no pozzolanics corresponding mineral additives, with higher specific area, where the poorest formulations in cement requires higher content of substitution when compared with richer compositions, to maintain the desired characteristics of workability. It enables to add a 4th quadrant to the Dosage Diagram of the original method. The second innovation was to incorporate of some workability tests of the fresh concrete, that become important for the qualification of the self-compacting concrete for a practical application. Thus, it carried out a critical analysis of the main available tests, presenting its advantages and limitations, correlating with the parameters of rheology, and with a practical application, validating them for the qualification of SCC for production. Therefore, it was studied mixes of SCC with two levels of self-compactability, without additives and with metacaolin or limestone filler, for mechanical resistances between 50- 70MPa, in a wide experimental program with 11 families of concretes and more of 55 mixes. It was also evaluated the specific cares for the production of SCC, analyzing aspects of productivity and feasability of implementation, based in a case study. It was concluded that SCC is a worthwhile option for the sector, especially using mineral additives, however it is extremely necessary some equipment and procedure modifications in order to adapt the factories to this new technology.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T12:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 10 Lilian Regina Machado de Oliveira1.pdf: 1508292 bytes, checksum: 7e704b888e7194e72c7dafb7b67cb6b0 (MD5) Lilian Regina Machado de Oliveira2.pdf: 3893984 bytes, checksum: e110620d8622bd85926570a6d4f6ed23 (MD5) Lilian Regina Machado de Oliveira3.pdf: 1502370 bytes, checksum: 58db79420f465e2636aca6aeae4be022 (MD5) Lilian Regina Machado de Oliveira4.pdf: 2388175 bytes, checksum: e50d5e70cd5abf7caf6e17d1ca91781c (MD5) Lilian Regina Machado de Oliveira5.pdf: 2142661 bytes, checksum: c1532912720c1a96ff8d126bd1b1d808 (MD5) Lilian Regina Machado de Oliveira6.pdf: 2944490 bytes, checksum: 8b19b97a4652410898ad0caa61bb2cf5 (MD5) Lilian Regina Machado de Oliveira7.pdf: 1548175 bytes, checksum: 4fa4158b08a082122a19558dcde266c1 (MD5) Lilian Regina Machado de Oliveira8.pdf: 2264384 bytes, checksum: 6bea9d0ced09ca318941776c7ac9689e (MD5) Lilian Regina Machado de Oliveira9.pdf: 2792775 bytes, checksum: 0b245ba71df0e317634dd835ece41836 (MD5) Lilian Regina Machado de Oliveira10.pdf: 1670550 bytes, checksum: d15d794cb9bae9916287231c782bdfc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-05 / This work is about the population and geographical growth of the cities in general, in a context of exhaustion of the natural resources in our Planet. It considers some of the works of the Dutch office of architecture MVRDV, showing their work style, and displays a general view of the megacities of our time, with special attention to the city of São Paulo. / Este trabalho tem como tema o crescimento demográfico e geográfico das cidades frente ao esgotamento dos recursos naturais do Planeta. Aborda algumas produções do escritório holandês MVRDV, mostrando seu processo de trabalho e traça um panorama das megacidades da atualidade, com ênfase especial na megacidade de São Paulo.

Esta tese aborda as influências do agregado leve na dosagem, características físicas e mecânicas de concreto autoadensável (CAA) quando na fração de graúdo da mistura, substitui-se parte do volume absoluto da brita de basalto (máx 19 mm) pelo volume equivalente de argila expandida brasileira (máx 12,7 mm). O fato de conhecer as implicações na reologia do CAA, provocadas pelo uso conjunto de agregados com características físicas distintas e, apresentar este tipo de concreto como uma alternativa promissora para uso na indústria da pré-fabricação em concreto, justificam esta pesquisa. A substituição da brita de basalto pela argila expandida (AE-1506), em teores de volume absoluto, foi de 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100%. Como resultados, produziram-se concretos autoadensáveis com consumo de aglomerantes (cimento Portland CP V-ARI e sílica ativa) da ordem de 510 kg/m³, que atenderam aos limites de autoadensabilidade propostos pela norma NBR 15823-1 (2010). Na condição endurecida, apresentaram massa específica seca de 2.358,3 a 1.720,7 kg/m³, resistência à compressão (fc28) de 60 a 43 MPa, módulo de elasticidade (Esc) de 23 a 34 GPa e eficiência estrutural (FEE) de 22 a 29 MPa.dm³.kg-1, sem sinais visíveis de frente de carbonatação. Obteve-se concreto leve autoadensável (CLAA) a partir de misturas com fração de graúdo foi composta por 60% de argila expandida e 40% de brita de basalto, que atingiram massa específica seca de 1.986 kg/m³, resistência a compressão (fc28) de 51,3 MPa e condutividade térmica () de 1,07 a 1,53 W/m.K. Constatou-se que a argila expandida interfere significativamente nas características dos concretos exigindo, na comparação com CAA confeccionado com 100% de brita de basalto, maior teor de argamassa e relação volume de água/volume de finos mais elevado. / This thesis discusses aspects related to the influence of lightweight aggregate in the mix design, physical and mechanical properties of the self-compacting concrete (SCC) when replacing part of the absolute volume of basalt crushed stone (máx19 mm) with a lightweight aggregate equivalent absolute volume Brazilian expanded clay (máx 12,7 mm). Understanding interference on the rheology of the SCC caused by the use of aggregates with different physical properties and recommend this type of concrete as a promising alternative for the pre-fabricated concrete industry, justify this research. The replacement of basalt crushed stone for lightweight aggregate (AE-1506), in equivalent absolute volume, was 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. As a result, self-compacting concrete was produced with consumption of binders (cement Portland CP V-ARI and silica fume) of about 510 kg / m³, appropriate for self- compactibility limits established by the ABNT NBR 15823-1 (2010) standard. In the hardened condition, the dry density value ranged from 2.358,3 to 1.720,7 kg/m³, compressive strength (fc28) ranged from 60 to 43 MPa, elasticity modulus (Esc) ranged from 23 to 34 GPa, and efficiency structural (FES) ranged from 22 to 29 MPa.dm³.kg-1, with no visible signs of carbonation. The self-compacting lightweight expanded clay concrete (SCLC) was obtained from mixtures which its absolute volume fraction of aggregate coarse was composed by 60% of expanded clay and 40% of basalt crushed stone, with dry density of 1986 kg/m³, compressive strength (fc28) of 51.3 MPa and thermal conductivity () varied from 1,07 to 1,53 W/m.K. It was found that the expanded clay significantly interferes in the properties of concretes demanding in comparison with SCC made with 100% basalt crushed stone, mortar content and ratio higher volume of water/volume of higher fines.

The primary aim of this research was to develop a method for determining the true uniaxial tensile strength of concrete by conducting a series of cylinder splitting, modulus of rupture (MOR) and cylinder/cube compression tests. The main objectives were: • Critically reviewing previous published research in order to identify gaps in current knowledge and understanding, including theoretical and methodological contributions to the true uniaxial tensile strength of concrete. In order to maintain consistency and increase the reliability of the proposed methods, it is essential to review the literature to provide additional data points in order to add additional depth, breathe and rigor to Senussi's investigation (2004). • The design of self compacting concrete (SCC), normal strength concrete (NSC) and high strength concrete (HSC) mixes and undertaking lab-based experimental works for mixing, casting, curing and testing of specimens in order to establish new empirical evidence and data. • Analysing the data, presenting the results, and investigating the application of validity methods as stated by Lin and Raoof (1999) and Senussi (2004). • To draw conclusions including comparison with previous research and literature, including the proposal of new correction factors and recommendations for future research. 29 batches of NSC, 137 batches of HSC, 44 batches of fly ash SCC and 47 batches of GGBS SCC were cast and their hardened and fresh properties were measured. Hardened properties measured included: cylinder splitting strength, MOR, cylinder compressive strength and cube compressive strength. A variety of rheological tests were also applied to characterise the fresh properties of the SCC mixes, including: slump flow, T50, L-box, V-funnel, J-ring and sieve stability. Cylinders were also visually checked after splitting for segregation. The tensile strength of concrete has traditionally been expressed in terms of its compressive strength (e.g. ft = c x c f ). Based on this premise, extensive laboratory testing was conducted to evaluate the tensile strength of the concretes, including the direct tension test and the indirect cylinder splitting and MOR tests. These tests however, do not provide sufficiently accurate results for the true uniaxial tensile strength, due to the results being based upon different test methods. This shortcoming has been overcome by recently developed methods reported by Lin and Raoof (1999) and Senussi (2004) who proposed simple correction factors for the application to the cylinder splitting and MOR test results, with the final outcome providing practically reasonable estimates of the true uniaxial tensile strength of concrete, covering a wide range of concrete compressive strengths 12.57 ≤ fc ≤ 93.82 MPa, as well as a wide range of aggregate types. The current investigation has covered a wide range of ages at testing, from 3 to 91 days. Test data from other sources has also been applied for ages up to 365 days, with the test results reported relating to a variety of mix designs. NSC, SCC and HSC data from the current investigation has shown an encouraging correlation with the previously reported results, hence providing additional wider and deeper empirical evidence for the validity of the recommended correction factors. The results have also demonstrated that the type (size, texture and strength) of aggregate has a negligible effect on the recommended correction factors. The concrete age at testing was demonstrated to have a potentially significant effect on the recommended correction factors. Altering the cement type can also have a significant effect on the hardened properties measured and demonstrated practically noticeable variations on the recommended correction factors. The correction factors proved to be valid regarding the effects of incorporating various blended cements in the HSC and SCC. The NSC, HSC and SCC showed an encouraging correlation with previously reported results, providing additional support, depth, breadth and rigor for the validity of the correction factors recommended.

Disertační práce se zabývá studiem reologického chování materiálů na bázi cementu. Úvodní část obsahuje teoretické poznatky týkající se reologie a zkoumaných materiálů (cement, samozhutnitelný beton, superplastifikátory). Poté následuje detailní popis reologických vlastností čerstvých cementových materiálů. Kromě toho je dále uvedena hydratace cementu, kalorimetrie, Vicatův test, rentgenová difrakční analýza a elektronová mikroskopie. Experimentální část práce je rozdělena do dvou částí. První část se zabývá základní charakterizací, reologickým měřením a studiem statické meze toku směsí samozhutnitelných betonů a jejich matric. Druhá část se týká cementových past, které byly podrobeny testování pomocí reometru, Vicatova přístroje, isoperibolického a modulárního kalorimetru, rentgenového difraktometru a elektronového mikroskopu.

The present research is conducted to investigate the structural behaviour of continuously supported deep beams made with SCC. A series of tests on eight reinforced two-span continuous deep beams made with SCC was performed. The main parameters investigated were the shear span-to-depth ratio, the amount and configuration of web reinforcement and the main longitudinal reinforcement ratio. All beams failed due to a major diagonal crack formed between the applied mid-span load and the intermediate support separating the beam into two blocks: the first one rotated around the end support leaving the rest of the beam fixed on the other two supports. The amount and configuration of web reinforcement had a major effect in controlling the shear capacity of SCC continuous deep beams. The shear provisions of the ACI 318M-11 reasonably predicted the load capacity of SCC continuous deep beams. The strut-and-tie model recommended by different design codes showed conservative results for all SCC continuous deep beams. The ACI Building Code (ACI 318M-11) predictions were more accurate than those of the EC2 and Canadian Code (CSA23.3-04). The proposed effectiveness factor equations for the strut-and-tie model showed accurate predictions compared to the experimental results. The different equations of the effectiveness factor used in upper-bound analysis can reasonably be applied to the prediction of the load capacity of continuously supported SCC deep beams although they were proposed for normal concrete (NC). The proposed three dimensional FE model accurately predicted the failure modes, the load capacity and the load-deflection response of the beams tested. / Higher Education Institute in the Libyan Government