Political discourse in contemporary Germany provides a window into issues of racism, nationality, and the overall question of German identity. The use of metaphor and racist semantic techniques in political speeches and articles addressing issues of increased neo-Nazi activity and changes in immigration policy point to an increasing struggle over the establishment of a common discursive framework within which such questions are discussed. Such a struggle itself points to a deeper crisis of the state and German identity. This paper offers an approach to understanding these struggles by first examining metaphorical conceptions of the nation and state that not only reflect and describe, but actually shape German experience of these phenomena, further impacting conceptions of race and national identity. The active role of racism in creating a common discursive framework and as it informs the process/state project of hegemony is examined. Questions concerning whether the racism detected is "new" and the consequences of establishing a racialized discourse will contribute, finally, to an exploration of possibilities for creating an anti-racist discourse in Germany.

<p>From the start the goal with this project has been to make a sounding interpretation of the act of wavesurfing from the perspective of a surfer and an exploration of the possibility to create soundprints that with music captures and recreates physical movements, experiences and moments of flow.</p><p>To do this I have collected physical data from a surfer surfing the waves at Torö Stenstrand (the most "famous" surfbreak in the Stockholm region) that I later connected to chosen musical parameters such as rhythm, pitch, tempo and texture. Because the goal was to capture the experience of surfing waves I also recorded sounds of the waves and the surroundings and mixed it together with the written out music. </p>

Kent Alan Newbury is an American composer who was born in Chicago in 1925, and currently resides in Scottsdale, Arizona. He has composed over 550 works and has had 282 choral works published. His first published piece was Psalm 150 (1955) and his latest publication was Praise the Lord, All Ye People (2013). Thirty-nine of his published choral pieces are still in print. At this time, the unpublished manuscripts include 204 choral pieces, four solo works, four instrumental works for dance, thirty-seven brass or band works, six woodwind pieces, and nineteen string or orchestra works. Newbury's complete catalog is included as Appendix B. During his Initial Period (1955-1965), Newbury had eighteen pieces published. In his Developmental Period (1966-1985), 247 pieces were published. That is an average of twelve pieces published per year. During his Mature Period (1986-present), he has had seventeen pieces published. This is the first published work documenting Newbury's life and music. It is hoped this study will introduce more choral directors to Newbury's music and encourage the performance of his music by more college, church, and school choirs. Analysis of Newbury's published choral works reveals the consistent inclusion of four stylistic traits: syncopation, text painting, parallelism, and textural layering. This study demonstrates how the use of these stylistic traits develops through his compositional career, both in terms of the frequency of usage and the progression of the technique. Syncopation is plentiful throughout Newbury's three periods. Syncopation and rhythmic displacement are found in 37% of published pieces in his Developmental Period and in 100% of published pieces in his Mature Period. The syncopation ranges from simple to complex, and it is sewn into the inner fabric of his compositional style. Text painting is used a great deal in Newbury's Initial Period, but the frequency diminishes in his later periods. Instead, he approaches his composition as he is inspired by the text, and the music reflects the text, in its totality if not in detail. Parallelism is a favored stylistic trait. Newbury composes with parallel fifths and fourths, and parallel chords moving in similar motion (planing) as well as contrary motion (the omnibus progression). Despite his teachers' objections to the use of parallel fifths, this is a consistent element throughout his career. Textural layering is a technique in which notes are added or repeated to call attention to the text or to build harmonic structures. As with text painting, the frequency of usage is most prevalent in his earlier periods.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Previous studies in yeast in this laboratory have found carnitine to be both protective against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and to increase the detrimental effect of dithiothreitol. These phenotypes were found to be independent of the role of carnitine within the carnitine shuttle. A screen for suppressor mutations for these carnitine-dependent phenotypes identified, among others, Δcho2 and Δopi3. Cho2p and Opi3p catalyse the sequential methylation reactions in the formation of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between choline, phosphatidylcholine and the carnitine phenotypes. Liquid growth assays of Δcho2 and Δopi3 cultures revealed that addition of choline can restore the protective effects of carnitine against hydrogen peroxide. The connection between the cellular phospholipid composition and the carnitine-dependent shuttleindependent phenotypes was also investigated. Analysis of the lipid composition of cells by LCMS showed that Δcho2 and Δopi3 had a largely different lipid composition compared with the wild type, most notably, a reduction in phosphatidylcholine and an increase in triacylglycerol content were observed for both mutants. These changes were reversed by supplementation with choline. However, no effects on the lipid composition of cells in response to carnitine treatment were observed, either when supplemented alone or in combination with DTT and hydrogen peroxide. Carnitine has also been investigated in mammalian systems for its potential to protect cells from oxidative stress, an effect which would be of benefit in various neurodegenerative disorders. Several studies have documented the positive effects of carnitine against oxidative stress in mammalian cells however the mechanism behind this action remains unknown. It is therefore thought that, provided similar effects for carnitine can be shown in mammalian cells as was observed in yeast, it would be beneficial to use yeast as a model system for the study of the molecular changes induced by carnitine. In view of this, the effects of carnitine on toxicity induced by oxidative stress in mammalian neural cells were compared to that which has been observed in yeast. For this purpose the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a measure of reductive capacity of cells, was used. However, no effects for carnitine were observed in the MTT assay in combination with either dithiothreitol or paraquat. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vorige studies op gis in hierdie laboratorium het bevind dat karnitien beskermend is teenoor oksidatiewe stres wat deur waterstofperoksied geïnduseer word en ook die nadelige effek van ditiotreitol verhoog. Hierdie fenotipes is gevind om onafhanklik te wees van die rol van karnitien binne die karnitien-pendel. Die sifting vir onderdrukker-mutasies van hierdie karnitienafhanklike fenotipes het onder andere Δcho2 en Δopi3 geïdentifiseer. Cho2p en Opi3p kataliseer die opvolgende metileringsreaksies tydens die vorming van fosfatidielcholien vanaf fosfatidieletanolamien. Hierdie studie het dus gepoog om die verhouding tussen cholien, fosfatidielcholien en die karnitienfenotipes te ondersoek. Vloeistofanalises van Δcho2- en Δopi3-kulture het aangedui dat die byvoeging van cholien die beskermende effekte van karnitien teenoor waterstofperoksied kan herstel. Die verband tussen die sellulêre fosfolipiedsamestelling en die karnitienafhanklike pendel-onafhanklike fenotipes is ook ondersoek. Die analise van die lipiedsamestelling van selle deur middel van LCMS het getoon dat Δcho2 en Δopi3 ‘n grootliks verskillende samestelling het in vergelyking met die wilde tipe, en daar is veral ‘n afname in fosfatidielcholien en ‘n verhoging in triasielgliserol-inhoud vir beide mutante waargeneem. Hierdie veranderinge is omgekeer deur aanvulling met cholien. Geen effekte op die lipiedsamestelling van die selle is egter in reaksie op die karnitienbehandelings waargeneem nie, hetsy toe dit alleen aangevul is of in kombinasie met ditiotreitol en waterstofperoksied. Karnitien is ook in soogdierstelsels ondersoek vir sy potensiaal om selle teen oksidatiewe stres te beskerm, ‘n effek wat groot voordeel sal inhou vir verskeie neurodegeneratiewe steurings. Verskeie studies het reeds die positiewe effekte van karnitien teen oksidatiewe stres in soogdierselle opgeteken, hoewel die meganisme agter hierdie werking nog onbekend is. Daar word dus vermoed dat, gegewe dat soortgelyke effekte vir karnitien in soogdierselle getoon kan word as wat in gis waargeneem is, dit voordelig sou wees om gis as ‘n modelsisteem vir die studie van die molekulêre veranderinge wat deur karnitien geïnduseer word, te gebruik. In die lig hiervan is die effekte van karnitien op giftigheid wat deur oksidatiewe stres in soogdiersenuselle geïnduseer is, vergelyk met dít wat in gis waargeneem is. Om hierdie rede is die 3-[4,5-dimetieltiasool-2-iel]-2,5-difeniel tetrasoliumbromied (MTT) essaiëring, ‘n meting van die verminderende kapasiteit van selle, gebruik. Geen effekte vir karnitien is egter met die MTT essaiëring in kombinasie met óf ditiotreitol óf parakwat waargeneem nie.

published_or_final_version / Sports Science / Master / Master of Science in Sports Science

published_or_final_version / abstract / Music / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Humanities / Master / Master of Philosophy

Long Distance is a work for solo percussion (marimba and vibraphone), wind ensemble, and electronics consisting of four movements and lasting approximately twenty minutes. Each movement is designed to be able to stand on its own and, when multiple movements are performed, their order is flexible. A version of this piece with no wind ensemble also exists and was commissioned by a consortium of 33 percussionists. From its inception, this solo version was composed with the possibility of expansion to a larger instrumentation in mind. In this paper, I will discuss and analyze many of the factors and influences involved in my composition process for this piece. This will include performance techniques, extracting and utilizing musical material from field recordings, audio processing techniques, orchestration, drawing musical inspiration from non-musical sources, and stylistic juxtaposition. In addition, I will provide some background on how this commission came about and how composition as a collaborative process shaped this piece especially in the context of working with such a large and diverse consortium. / text

Although it is well-established that the fatty acid profile of breast milk will reflect the dietary fatty acids, the response time with which this occurs is not known. We hypothesized that fatty acids from a given meal would be transferred acutely from chylomicrons into breast milk. To test this hypothesis, the following experiment was performed. Fourteen lactating women drank 700 Calorie breakfast formulas containing six different test fats: 40 grams of cocoa butter, coconut, safflower or canola oil, 20 grams of menhaden oil or 7 grams of herring oil. Each fat contained a specific fatty acid whose appearance was tracked in the milk. After consuming the breakfast formula, subjects collected mid-feeding milk samples at 0, 6, 10, 14 and 24 hours, and one morning sample on days two through seven. Fatty acids specifically tracked in milk samples were: C12:0 (coconut oil), C18:0 (cocoa butter), C18:2n-6 (safflower oil), C18:3n-3 (canola oil), C22:ln-ll (herring oil), and C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 (menhaden oil). There was a significant increase in each of these fatty acids in human milk (p<0.001). Elevation of these fatty acids was first observed at 6 hours. Maximum increases of these fatty acids occurred 10 h after safflower oil (177% of baseline), 14 hours after cocoa butter (154%), coconut oil (216%), canola oil (206%) and menhaden oil (C20:5n-3 [1157%]), and 24 hours after the herring oil (2621%) and menhaden oil (C22:6n-3 [506%]). Compared to baseline, these fatty acids were significantly elevated (p<0.05) from 10 to 24 hours. However, after menhaden oil, C20:5n-3 was significantly elevated for 3 days and C22:6n-3 for 2 days. These data support the hypothesis that there is an acute transfer of dietary fatty acids from chylomicrons into human milk. / Graduation date: 1996

Large amounts of plant tissue are used in the production of many canned, frozen and dried foods. Some of this material is unsatisfactory in appearance and texture, despite careful processing from high quality raw materials. In the present study, the changes induced in soft fruits by controlled heating and freezing treatments were of prime concern. Strawberries and tomatoes were canned and frozen in 60° B sucrose syrup, stored for 3-6 months and examined by physical and chemical methods. Measurements of the texture, pectins, hemicelluloses, cellulose, nitrogen, ash and ash constituents, were made on raw, frozen and canned samples. The tissues were sliced, macerated with 0.4 percent sodium hexametaphosphate, and screened. The cell suspensions were dialysed and stored at 35°F, with toluene as a preservative. The cell suspensions were analyzed similarly to the tissue samples, and the reactivity of the cell suspensions with sugars and electrolytes was investigated. The results indicated the following conclusions: 1) No significant difference was found between the effects of canning and freezing on the texture of the fruits, as determined by the Shear Press, although major differences were found between the fresh and processed samples. 2) Drained weights were lower when the fruits were canned than when frozen, especially in the strawberries. 3) Histological changes brought about by the treatments were more marked in the frozen than in the canned fruits. Freezing caused severe breakage of cell walls, plus some cell separation, whereas canning tended to cause more shrinkage of cells without much breakage or separation. Adhesion between cells was increased in the heated packs. Damage to cells increased as cell size increased. The study showed that more emphasis should be placed on selecting varieties of fruits for processing which have a smaller mean cell size, and thicker cell walls. 4) Aqueous suspensions of parenchyma cells were found to be a useful means of studying the several mechanisms involved in textural and drained weight changes. 5) No sorption affinity was found between dialysed, depectinized parenchyma cells and sucrose or glucose. 6) Dialysed cells were negatively charged, highly hydrated, and formed viscous suspensions at low concentrations. 7) The addition of small amounts of cations, particularly H⁺ ion and Al⁺⁺⁺ ion, precipitated cell suspensions, by suppressing the ionization of the carboxyl group or by salt formation. 8) A new hypothesis was proposed which assigned an important role to the acids and other electrolytes of fruits, in governing the textural and drained weight characteristics of such products. It was proposed that the quantity of acids and other electrolytes which become distributed throughout the cell during processing, causes a reduction of cell hydration including a shrinkage of cell walls, which could be partially reversed during subsequent storage. / Graduation date: 1963