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The nitrate content of some foods was determined. Canned food, baby food, frozen food, and fresh vegetables were analyzed. Among them spinach and beet were found to have the highest nitrate-nitrogen content and frozen food had higher nitrate-nitrogen content than other food products analyzed. Nitrate-nitrogen of food is partially transferred to the liquid portion whenever the food consists of any liquid. The amount of nitrate in the liquid portion seemed, to be higher than in the solid portion except in bean which has a protective surface layer as a factor of lowering the nitrate found in the liquid portion. The rate of nitrate transferring from solid portion to liquid portion was not the same for all foods and was not the same even from different parts of the same plant. Nitrate-nitrogen was not destroyed by cooking. Even after pouring off cooking water, some nitrate-nitrogen still remained in the solid portion. The distribution of nitrate among different plant parts was not uniform: bean leaves, beet root and spinach petioles were found to have higher nitrate than other parts. Nitrogen fertilization readily increased nitrate-nitrogen content in spinach. The sodium salicylate method was found to be the most reliable method for nitrate determination among different methods used in this study. The determination might be affected by many factors occuring during the procedure of analysis such as procedure of extraction and the spectrophotometer blanks used. Oxidising agents, arid reducing agents do not seem to affect the analysis but pH variation and sucrose which might occur in food probably are factors affecting apparent nitrate content. Cooking did quickly destroy spinach nitrate reductase enzyme activity. This means that nitrite will not be found after cooking unless the enzyme is regenerated, or unless there is microbial activity. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

The performance objectives of professional education are often more explicit, and the relationship with the world of work more immediate and comprehensive, than those of other university majors that are frequently the subject of writing-across-the-curriculum scholarship. This cross-sectional study of samples of both students and professors in the basic undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree seeks (1) to determine how they view the roles of writing in the major; (2) to ascertain the assumptions that inform how both groups handle writing within the context of classroom and clinical settings; and (3) to discover what practices result from these views and assumptions. Information was gathered from students through questionnaires, interviews and writing samples, and from faculty through a course writing inventory, course materials and interviews. The data show how writing serves individual, course and program goals; describe some of the ways in which writing is related to the theoretical frameworks and evolution of the discipline; and provide insight into how students conceive of and approach the writing required in their coursework. The final chapter outlines the interconnected roles of writing in this academic program and discusses how writing is used in fashioning professional identity, in teaching, in curricular structure, in fostering individual development, and in advancing professional nursing, and possible links between feminist epistemological studies and the roles of writing in professional education are suggested.

This study explored, from a phenomenological perspective, the experiences people in therapy had with autobiographical writing, including the descriptions of their experiences and what occurred during and after writing, and their evaluations of this form of writing. It describes some ways in which this form of writing can help facilitate therapeutic change. Three women and one man in therapy engaged in a period of autobiographical writing focused on a problematic event in their family-of-origin that served as a quasi presenting problem for this study. Data was gathered through an in-depth interview with participants at the end of the period of writing, the journals that participants were requested to keep, and the observations of their therapists gathered by in-depth interviews. It was found that writing autobiography facilitated the expression of feelings, a shift in a personal paradigm, a beginning sense of self as agent, and changes in relationships. It was determined that this process of writing, regardless of the content of that writing, had the potential to provide therapeutic benefit to the writer. Participants found the writing partially responsible for their experiences and helpful in bringing forward the realization that there was a problem that needed to be addressed. It also made issues tangible and facilitated their ability to work with them, process and let go of them. Participants advocated the use of autobiographical writing as a tool in therapy because it brought up issues being worked on in a different format, it revealed things about the writer, even to that person, it loosened up things attached to the story, it made one's experiences real to oneself, and it was useful in reviewing one's life and honoring one's witnessing of one's life. Therapists found some benefits in this tool. For example, it facilitated deep focused work, accelerated the writer's process, fostered self-reflective work outside of therapy, and brought a particular experience to the surface and allowed it to be worked on.

The objective of this study is to provide the basis of demarcation between radically alternative philosophies, between different theories of society, and between competing politics, by rearticulating what-Althusser calls the Marxist Philosophy that Marx practices in his critique of capitalism. I argue and demonstrate how the Marxist theory of the condition of discourse about history illuminates the epistemological nature and political implications of various discourses, making coherent and effective praxis possible. Demarcation of radical alternatives is critical now more than ever because the alternative to the hegemonic practices, along with the very notions of demarcation and radical alternative, is severely undermined. As a case in which the alternative discourse and politics were sorely needed but conspicuously missing, I analyze U.S. public discourses about the North Korean nuclear program. The philosophical nature of the postmodern/poststructuralist anti-totalization needs to be closely examined and critiqued, because it has practically declared the death of Marxism as a critical theory of history and claims its place as the source of political inspiration for profound social change. I rearticulate the Althusserian Marxist theory of discourse in terms of the relations between philosophy and theory, between theory and the object of theory, between structure and a concept. From the perspective of the Althusserian Marxist theory of discourse and ideology, humanist notions of rationality and objectivity/subjectivity (that postmodernism and its critique have revived) are critiqued and juxtaposed with Althusserian concepts of 'determination of consciousness by ideology' and the 'relative autonomy of ideology and consciousness from the other historical conditions'. The central thesis of Marxist Philosophy is that determination and overdetermination are the key and organic properties of structure. It is also the basis of my critique of postmodern/poststructuralist anti-totalization. I examine the ways in which Foucault's Archaeology is an unwarranted return to the familiar empiricist inversion of Hegelian idealism. I argue that Derrida's deconstruction, his rejection of the very notion of philosophy that leads to sustainable knowledge, is based on the naturalization of the hegemonic philosophy in which the discursive universe consists of the dichotomy of empiricism and idealism.

Social philosophy at the end of the twentieth century must be prefixed by what it follows. It has become commonplace to describe our moment as postmodern and post-structuralist, perhaps also post-Marxian. While true enough, our situation more specifically must be post-Lacan, post-Althusser, post-Foucault, and post-Critical Theory. A number of theorists highlight the context this dissertation places itself in, but Slavoj Žižek and Judith Butler should be emphasized in this regard. The positive project of this dissertation begins with radical doubts about the operation of epistemic truth in subjectivity and in language (of a sort first raised by Nietzsche). The dissertation is a series of case studies in the modes of failure of truth, and of the manner in which ideology functions within the void left by the necessary absence of truth. It has a political project of determining what forms counter-hegemony can take absent a traditional assumption of a solid ground for veracity.

abstract: Pacific Suite (2016) is a four-movement work for solo piano composed by the author of this paper, Holly Kordahl, that incorporates elements of several musical idioms, including Impressionism, tintinnabuli (as in the music of Arvo Pärt), post-modernism, minimalism and improvisation. This Doctorate of Musical Arts project consists of a descriptive paper, analysis, score and recording. The piece features varying levels of performer independence and improvisation along with notated music. Each movement is named after a different environment of the Pacific Ocean: Great Barrier Reef, Mariana Trench, Sunlit Zone, and Bikini Atoll. Pacific Suite is engaging to mature pianists and accessible to students. The score of Pacific Suite is a blank canvas in some ways; almost all dynamics, tempi, pedaling, and fingerings are to be determined by the performer. The first movement, Great Barrier Reef, presents different musical vignettes. The second movement, Mariana Trench, requires the performer to improvise extensively while following provided instructions. The third movement, Sunlit Zone, asks the performer to improvise on a theme of Debussy. The final movement, Bikini Atoll, illustrates events of nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll in the 1940s. / Dissertation/Thesis / I. Great Barrier Reef / II. Mariana Trench / III. Sunlit Zone / IV. Bikini Atoll / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2020

Who you are! Who are you? was originally commissioned by the Juventas New Music Ensemble for their Spring 2019 concert celebrating the freedom of speech. Even before the premiere of the chamber ensemble version of this piece with Juventas I had already expanded it into an orchestral work which was read by the Boston University Symphony Orchestra during the Fall 2018 reading sessions. Following the chamber ensemble premiere I again revised the piece and it won the Boston University CFA Composition Department Prize for Performance with Orchestra and was given its orchestral premiere by the BUSO under the direction of Maestro Bramwell Tovey. When I received the initial commission I instantly knew that this piece must include text, considering that the premiere would be on a program celebrating the freedom of speech. I spent a long time looking for texts and finally settled on this one by the 12th century Benedictine Abbas, composer, and philosopher Hildegard von Bingen. Her words are an exhortation to unapologetic self-expression and inspired me to be more personal in my writing of this piece than ever before. As a young composer it is easy to be influenced by what you think audiences, teachers, and performers want to hear and not use your own authentic voice. It was frightening at first to be so honest and personal with my writing however, it was what the text demanded and has led to a finished work of which I am proud.

Typescript / M.A. Florida State College for Women 1932 / Includes bibliographical references (pages 34-35)

Thesis advisor: Heather Craig Olins / Microbes play a critical role in the Earth’s ecosystems, and freshwater microbial communities are underappreciated players in biogeochemical cycles. Vernal pools are ecologically important habitats that are particularly sensitive to global warming. Microbial communities in vernal pools and other freshwater wetlands are both critical to supporting life on Earth as well as incredibly vulnerable to climate change. This thesis describes for the first time microbial community composition in freshwater wetlands in Newton, Massachusetts. Beta diversity analysis reveals that sites host distinct microbial communities, something not always seen at these spatial scales. Sediment samples from the Bare Pond vernal pool were dominated by Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Chloroflexi. Analysis of surface vs. subsurface sediment samples reveal taxonomic patterns that cross multiple sites. These findings are a first step towards better understanding ecologically important microbial activity in these local sites, and freshwater wetlands more broadly. / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Biology.