Thèse--Droit--Nancy II, 1979. / Bibliogr. p. 227-243. Index.

Diss.--Oldenburg, 1999. / Bibliogr. p. 326-353. Index.

This paper scientometrically investigates concentration in economics between 1956 and 2016 using a large-scale data set. It is revealed that economics is highly concentrated along six dimensions: articles, journals, regions, institutions, authors, and paradigms. North America accounts for half of all published articles and three quarters of all citations, while the top twenty academic institutions reap a share of 42 percent of all citations. The top 100 authors alone receive a share of 15 percent. Five journals account for 27.7 percent of all citations and only 8 percent of all articles, and 3 percent of all citations may be attributed to heterodox schools of thought. The overall Gini coefficient for the distribution of citations among articles is 0.72. Generally, concentration is found to increase towards the top of the discipline and to be higher and more persistent on the level of citations than on the level of articles. Concentration has increased over the last few decades, with the strongest increases occurring already until the 1970s. / Series: Ecological Economic Papers

Class of 2012 Abstract / Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of when aminoglycoside serum concentrations are obtained and assess whether the timing and techniques used in obtaining aminoglycoside serum concentrations are appropriate. Additionally, pharmacists’ interpretation of aminoglycoside serum concentrations and the appropriateness of intervention in response to these results were assessed. Methods: This descriptive retrospective study to evaluate the appropriateness of aminoglycoside monitoring at an academic medical center has been approved by the Institutional Review Board. Patients over the age of 46 weeks gestational age admitted to an academic medical center between February 1, 2010 to February 1, 2011 who were prescribed intravenous aminoglycoside therapy were included in this study. Patients with therapy duration of less than 72 hours without at least one aminoglycoside level were excluded. The time of aminoglycoside concentrations in relation to time of aminoglycoside administration along with calculated pharmacokinetic parameters and therapy recommendations documented in clinical notes were also recorded. Appropriateness of aminoglycoside monitoring and documentation were determined by use of expert opinion and pharmacokinetic guidelines. Results: Timing of aminoglycoside serum concentrations and subsequent clinical assessments were evaluated in 103 subjects. The median (range) age was 28 (0.2 – 88) years. The initial aminoglycoside prescribed in 12%, 40%, and 48% of subjects was amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin, respectively. A total of 314 aminoglycoside concentrations were obtained: 41 amikacin, 129 gentamicin, and 144 tobramycin. At least one clinical pharmacokinetic assessment of aminoglycoside concentration(s) was written for 91 subjects (88%). The aminoglycoside indication, actual time of aminoglycoside dose administration, estimated renal function, and both goal peak/trough aminoglycoside concentrations were documented in at least one aminoglycoside clinical note for each of these 91 subjects at a rate of 95%, 80%, 89%, and 51%, respectively. Calculated peak, trough, estimated volume of distribution, and estimated half-life or ke were documented in 53 subjects. Conclusions: Aminoglycoside serum concentration monitoring can be used to maximize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing toxicity. However, errors in obtaining and evaluating serum drug levels can arise that may affect patient outcomes. For monitoring to be effective, the timing of serum concentration orders, the process of obtaining serum concentration samples, and the interpretation of data including pharmacokinetic calculations should be accurate.

Class of 2016 Abstract and Report / Objectives: To describe the effect of time spent in pneumatic tube system on the concentrations of bags of regular insulin. Methods: Twelve intravenous bags of regular insulin in normal saline with a concentration of one unit per milliliter were prepared, with six bags acting as the control group and six bags as the experimental group. Bags in the experimental group were transported to stations labeled X, Y, and Z which were at varying distances from the pharmacy. Bags in the control group were walked the same tube stations. Three samples from each bag were analyzed using the ValiMed™ medication validation system before and after transport and the standard deviations (SDs) from the mean were recorded. Results: At baseline there were no statistically significant differences in the standard deviations (SDs) between the control and experimental group (p = 0.1008). SDs after transport compared to baseline SDs produced statistically significant differences (p < 0.005) except for the control group transported to tube station Z (p = 0.0867). Conclusions: The SDs after either transport produced a statistically significant difference when compared to baseline except for one group of insulin bags. This indicates that concentration may not be affected by method of delivery, since statistically significant difference occurred regardless of transport method. It appears to be safe to transport insulin IV infusion bags by pneumatic tube system.

As part of a strategic research initiative at UBC to design and evaluate integrated underground mining and mineral processing systems, work has been done to determine how to utilize the coarse rejects of pre-concentration in the underground environment. An amenability study for nine orebodies from four of Xstrata Nickel’s Ontario operations evaluated both processing and waste disposal methods. Metallurgically the orebodies showed amenability to dense media separation and conductivity sorting. The dense media results showed high mass rejections and high metal recoveries for all nine orebodies. Conductivity sorter results were not as consistent, but still showed good results. Dense media rejects were examined to determine the applicability of their use in rockfills and composite minefills. The geotechnical properties indicated that the rejects would provide a competent material for minefills. The mix designs were examined for both strength and rheological properties and showed that fills utilizing rejects were comparable to fills currently used by industry. Composite fills containing rejects had significantly lower void ratios, decreasing cement requirements for a given strength requirement. Conceptual designs for pre-concentration systems based on the metallurgical, reject characterization, and mix design were developed for each of the four mines in the study. The designs took into consideration the current mining plans. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of / Graduate

Les mesures satellitaires d'épaisseur optique en aérosols (AOT) conviennent à la surveillance globale journalière du contenu atmosphérique en particules. L'objectif de notre étude a été d'évaluer la capacité satellitaire à estimer la pollution en aérosols en termes de catégories de qualité de l'air. Ces dernières sont définies grâce aux mesures de concentration massique des particules de rayon aérodynamique inférieur à 2.5 µm au sol (PM2.5). Nous avons d'abord utilisé les mesures photométriques du réseau AERONET/PHOTONS pour caractériser les propriétés optiques et microphysiques des aérosols en Europe de l'Ouest et leur influence possible sur la relation entre PM2.5 et AOT. La comparaison des mesures d'AOT restituées par différents radiomètres satellitaires (principalement POLDER) aux mesures de PM2.5 au-dessus de la France a permis, non seulement de définir une relation statistique directe entre ces deux types de mesures mais aussi d'élaborer un seuil d'AOT satellitaire (égal à 0.17) au-dessus duquel la pollution peut être qualifiée de «Modérée» d'avril à octobre 2003, 2005 et 2006. Nous avons enfin estimé la masse en particules au sol à partir de la mesure d'AOT satellitaire et l'information de distribution verticale des particules, d'une part, simulée par le modèle de chimie-transport CHIMERE et d'autre part, mesurée par le LIDAR spatial CALIOP. Alors que le modèle CHIMERE n'améliore pas significativement la corrélation entre mesures d'AOT satellitaires et de PM2.5, l'utilisation des profils restitués par CALIOP montre l'importance de prendre en compte la distribution verticale des aérosols dans l'élaboration d'un produit satellitaire de qualité de l'air. / Satellite measurements of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) are weil suited for global daily monitoring of atmospheric particle load. The goal of this study is to evaluate the satellite's capability to monitor aerosol pollution in terms of air quality categories. Those last ones are defined using the particulate mass concentration concerning particles smaller than about 2.5 ,um in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). We have first used the photometric meàsurements provided by the AERONET/PHOTONS network to characterise the optical and microphysical properties of aerosols over Western Europe and their possible impact on the relationship between PM2.5 and AOT measurements. The comparison between AOT measurements derived from different satellite radiometers (mostly POLDER) and PM2.5 measurements over France has allowed us the definition of a statistical relationship between those two measurements. Thanks to this relationship, we have elaborated a threshold of satellite AOT measurements (0.17) over which pollution can be qualified as « Moderate» from April to October 2003,2005 and 2006. We have finally assessed particulate mass at the ground using satellite AOT measurements and vertical distribution of aerosols simulated by the CHIMERE chemistrytransport model on the one hand and on the other, measured by CALIOP spatial LIDAR. While the CHI MERE model has not improved significantly the correlation between satellite AOT and PM2.5 measurements, the use of profiles derived from CALIOP has shown the importance of taking into consideration the vertical distribution of aerosols in the elaboration of a satellite air quality product.

Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous chercherons à estimer la mesure invariante d’un processus ergodique dirigé par une Équation Différentielle Stochastique.Le théorème ergodique nous suggère de considérer la mesure empirique associée à un schéma d’approximation du processus sous-jacent qui peut se voir comme le pendant discret de la mesure d’occupation dudit processus. Lamberton et Pagès ont introduit un algorithme de discrétisation à pas décroissant qui assure la convergence de la mesure empirique du schéma vers la mesure invariante du processus considéré ainsi qu’un théorème central limite (TCL) quantifiant asymptotiquement l’écart entre ces deux mesures. Nous établissons des inégalités de concentration non-asymptotiques pour les déviations de la mesure empirique (cohérentes avec le TCL mentionné ci-avant), ainsi que des contrôles sur la solution de l’équation de Poisson associée, utiles pour ces inégalités.Dans une seconde partie, nous établissons des estimées de Schauder liées à des équations paraboliques associées à un système stochastique dégénéré, où la dérive est un champ de vecteurs vérifiant une condition de type Hörmander (faible) mais en cherchant la régularité Hölder minimale. Ce travail fait suite à l’article de Delarue et Menozzi (2010). Enfin, notre approche nous permet de montrer l’unicité forte du système stochastique considéré dans le cadre de coefficients Hölder, étendant ainsi le résultat obtenu en dimension 2 par Chaudru de Raynal (2017). / In the first part of this thesis, we aim to estimate the invariant distribution of an ergodic process driven by a Stochastic Differential Equation. The ergodic theorem suggests us to consider the empirical measure associated with a discretization scheme of the process which can be regarded as a discretization of the occupation measure of the process.Lamberton and Pagès introduced an algorithm of discretization with decreasing time steps which allows the convergence of the empirical measure toward the invariant distribution of the process, they also provide a central limit theorem (CLT) which asymptotically quantifies the deviations between these both measures.We establish non-asymptotic concentration inequality for the empirical measure deviations (in accordance with the previously mentioned CLT), and also we give some controls of the solution of the associated Poisson equation which is useful for this concentration inequalities.In a second part, we establish some Schauder controls associated with parabolic equations related with a degenerate stochastic system, where the drift is a vector field satisfying a weak Hörmander condition like.But we aim to suppose only the minimal H"older regularity.This work is an extension of the estimates given by Delarue and Menozzi (2010).Finally, our approach allows us to proof the strong uniqueness of the considered stochastic equation in a H"older regularity framework. Our results extend the controls of Chaudru de Raynal (2017) for the dimension equal to 2.

In general, the velocity of inversion of sucrose ie a function of several variables; namely, the temperature, the viscosity, and the concentrations of hydrogen ions, undissociated acid, sucrose, added salts, and non-electrolytes. It can readily be seen, then, that this reaction offers a broad field for research with decidedly varied and diversified lines of attack.

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