This qualitative study aimed to examine which discourses can be found within the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (BUP) and women’s shelters against domestic violence, concerning children that have experienced violence within the family, from two perspectives: the child’s need of father and of protection from violence. The study also aimed to examine which discourses can be found within the organisations concerning children’s well-being, how they define their mission concerning domestic violence and how this can affect the practical work with children that have experienced violence and their parents. The questions that the study aimed to answer were which discourses can be distinguished within BUP and the women’s shelters against domestic violence and how they can affect the different agencies’ view of the child’s need and well-being. These questions have been answered with collected interviews from the two respective agencies which have then been interpreted and processed through a critical discourse analysis from different theoretical concepts such as dominant discourses and service discourses in relation to Social Work, children’s need as a social construction and discourses of the child as a victim and an active participant. What the study showed was that the active participant-discourse overall was more prominent within BUP and that the victim-discourse was more prominent within the women’s shelters against domestic violence but also that both discourses were distinguishable in different ways and to different extents in both agencies in different combinations and variations. The study also found that the discourses, in different ways and to different extents, also affected the agencies’ view of the child’s need of father and of protection from violence.

After presenting the evolution of labor stability law in Peru, public and private scopes of the right to work are described allowing the Constitutional Court redefine dismissal regime (working stability of exit), in general, and specifying temporary recruitment regime (working stability of entry). Redefinition of dismissal legal framework is analyzed from constitutional and judicial case law stressing solved and pending issues. / Tras presentar la evolución del derecho de estabilidad laboral en el Perú, se precisan los alcances públicos y privados del derecho al trabajo, que permitieron al Tribunal Constitucional redefinir el régimen del despido (estabilidad laboral de salida), en general, y comenzar a precisar el régimen de contratación temporal (estabilidad laboral de entrada). Se analiza la redefinición del marco jurídico del despido a partir de la jurisprudencia constitucional y judicial, poniendo en relieve los temas resueltos y los pendientes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelo Dimitre Gomes Guedes.pdf: 2138760 bytes, checksum: 4c1a23b3bd1552de0d488a60bd3609d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-18 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The relationship between the visual, sonorous and verbal codes is a subject that has fascinated many artists and researchers. Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) has been responsible for one of the most respected works in this field. Poetry, synesthesia and sensitivity are hallmarks since his childhood. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, art showed signs of breaking with the representation of the outside world model. In this scenario, Kandinsky sought the inner/spiritual content of the art work: the inner sonority. Through inner sonority, different outward forms can achieve the same resonance in the soul of the viewer. In his book "Concerning the Spiritual in Art", published in 1914, Kandinsky set out the main concepts related to inner sonority. The author seemed to predict new directions for art, in which external values would be reduced and inner sonority amplified. This dissertation presents a reflection on this scenario. It points out the path traveled by Kandinsky in the development of his language, focusing on issues concerning relations between codes. It also sets out the main concepts presented in his book , presents the Monumental Art, concept created by Kandinsky, in which several codes are related, brings an analysis of parts of the scenic composition "The Yellow sound", that is an example of the Monumental Art. And finally, it presents an art essay written by the author of this dissertation, in which elements of visual, sonorous and verbal codes are related through inner sonority / A relação entre os códigos visual, sonoro e verbal é um tema que sempre fascinou diversos artistas e pesquisadores. Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) foi responsável por um dos mais conceituados trabalhos nesse campo. Poesia, sinestesia e sensibilidade são características marcantes desde a sua infância. No final do século XIX e início do século XX, a arte apresentava sinais de ruptura com o modelo de representação do mundo exterior. Em meio a esse cenário, Kandinsky buscou o conteúdo interior/espiritual de uma obra de arte: a sonoridade interior. Por meio dela, formas exteriores distintas podem atingir a mesma ressonância na alma do espectador. Em seu livro Do Espiritual na Arte , publicado em 1914, Kandinsky expôs os principais conceitos concernentes à sonoridade interior. O autor parecia profetizar novos rumos à Arte, nos quais os valores externos seriam reduzidos e a sonoridade interior amplificada. Esta dissertação apresenta uma reflexão sobre todo esse cenário. Aponta o trajeto percorrido por Kandinsky no desenvolvimento de sua linguagem, concentrando-se em assuntos concernentes a relações intercódigos. Expõe os principais conceitos apresentados no livro Do Espiritual na Arte . Apresenta a Arte Monumental, conceito criado por Kandinsky, no qual diversos códigos são relacionados. Analisa recortes da composição cênica A sonoridade amarela , exemplo de Arte Monumental. Apresenta um ensaio artístico criado pelo autor da presente dissertação, no qual são relacionados elementos dos códigos visual, sonoro e verbal, por meio da sonoridade interior

La thèse vise à analyser le système des finances publiques dans les trois pays du Maghreb (Maroc, Algérie et Tunisie) en mettant l’accent sur les insuffisances aux plans juridique, institutionnel, administratif, fiscal et financier, sur les contraintes structurelles et les tendances lourdes au regard des exigences de transparence et de la performance et d’exposer des axes stratégiques d’alternatives crédibles pour l’amélioration des procédures fiscales et budgétaires. Les pays du Maghreb sont donc à la recherche d’un nouveau modèle de gouvernance plus ouvert, plus transparent et plus responsable. La réforme budgétaire s'inscrit dans le contexte d'une réforme en profondeur des Etats du Maghreb à travers le renforcement du contrôle budgétaire et la modernisation de l'administration publique, notamment de ses modes de gestion financiers et managériaux tant au niveau central que déconcentré par le recours à la programmation pluriannuelle (CDMT), la globalisation des crédits, la contractualisation et la déconcentration budgétaire. Pour y parvenir, la réforme budgétaire conditionne une volonté politique forte et un pilotage administratif permanent. En outre, elle doit être comprise dans le sens le plus global, pragmatique, progressif, inclusif et participatif d'une démarche fondée sur le passage d’un modèle uniquement structuré par nature de moyens et contrôlé par la régularité au regard de la réglementation, à un modèle également structuré par les objectifs des politiques et contrôlé par les résultats / The thesis aims at analyzing the system of public finances in the three Maghreb countries (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) by focussing on the insufficiencies to the plans legal, institutional, administrative, tax and financial, on the constraints structural and the heavy tendencies with the glance as of requirements of transparency and of the performance and to expose strategic axes of credible alternatives for the improvement of the tax and budgetary procedures. The Maghreb countries are thus in search of a new model of governance more opened, more transparent and more responsible.The budgetary reform falls under the context of an in-depth reform of the States of the Maghreb through the budgetary intensifying of the control and the modernization of the public administration, in particular of its financial and managerial ways of managing as well at the central level as decentralized by the recourse to the multiannual programming (CDMT), the globalisation of the appropriations, the contractualisation and budgetary devolution.For that purpose, the budgetary reform conditions a strong political will and a permanent administrative piloting. Moreover, it must be understood in the direction most total, pragmatic, progressive, inclusive and participative of a approach based on the passage of a model only structured by nature of means and controlled by the regularity in comparison with the regulation, with a model also structured by the objectives of the policies and controlled by the results

The master‘s thesis focuses on the risks of transporting dangerous goods by road. The introductory part deals with related legislation of the Czech Republic is analyzed, followed by international legislation. In the European Union, the transport of dangerous goods is regulated primarily by the European agreement concerning the International carriage of dangerous goods by road (ADR). Between 2002 and 2019, master‘s thesis analyzes and describes the statistics of traffic accidents with the presence of dangerous goods. Furthermore, this master‘s thesis also analyzes the characteristics of the sources of traffic accident risks, and when activating the risk, the possible effects of traffic accidents and subsequent leakage of dangerous goods are described. In fulfilling the aims of the master‘s thesis, agreement was found in the causes of traffic accidents in statistics and in the literature in the fact that in 80% it is the fault of the human factor. Analysis of a set of 10 large accidents with the presence of dangerous goods using a modified "What, if" method identified impacts on public assets. Based on these identified impacts, measures were proposed that would be appropriate to apply in the public interest.

Föreliggande studie riktar fokus mot att analysera kammarrättsdomar gällande insatsen kontaktperson enligt 9 § 4 LSS. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur begreppet socialt isolerad beskrivs i kammarrättsdomar avseende insatsen kontaktperson enligt 9 § 4 LSS samt hur kammarrättens språkbruk kan ses som en form av maktbruk. I studien utgör det teoretiska ramverket av Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys med fokus på den tredimensionella modell som Fairclough konstruerat. Materialet består av 85 kammarrättsdomar som avkunnats mellan åren 2004 och 2021. Materialet analyseras först utifrån en tematisk analys för att besvara frågan om vad kammarrätten tillskriver begreppet socialt isolerad. Resultaten påvisar bland annat att tillgången till anhöriga/familj, fritidsaktiviteter och sysselsättning är centrala i bedömningen om den enskilde kan anses vara social isolerad eller inte. Utifrån den tematiska analysen väljs sedan tre rättsfall ut för en närmare analys utifrån Faircloughs tredimensionella analys. Ett resultat av analysen påvisar att det förekommer olika diskurser som kammarrätten i sin bedömning sammanväver till en kombinerad diskurs. Slutligen framkommer även att kammarrätten genom sin diskurs framhäver dess auktoritära roll i samhället. / The present study take aim towards an analyse of verdicts from the Swedish Court of appeal regarding persons who are entitled the support from a contact person through The Swedish Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments (LSS). The study seeks to answer how the Court of appeal define the term socially isolated in their verdicts regarding contact person (LSS) and how their language can be seen as a form of power. The theoretical framework for this study is Norman Fairclough´s critical discourse analysis with a particular focus on the three-dimensional model that Fairclough describes. The empirical data consists of 85 verdicts which have been presented by the Court of appeal during the years 2004 to 2021. The verdicts are initially analysed with a thematical analyse procedure. Findings suggest that family, leisure activities and employment/schooling are a central part in the Court of appeal verdicts to define if a person with impairments is socially isolated or not. From the thematical analysis three verdicts are chosen to be analysed with the help of Fairclough´s critical discourse analysis. The analysis suggest that different types of discourses are present in the verdicts which the Court of appeal then summarise in to one combined discourse. Lastly the analysis also suggests that the Court of appeal through discourses establish an authorial role in society.

Uppsatsen problematiserar 1850-årsgränsen i den svenska kulturmiljölagen (1988:950) och dess konsekvens för bevarande av fasta lämningar daterade efter årtalet som inte får lagskydd. Texten analyserar möjligheten för arkeologiska undersökningar av kontexten kring de fasta lämningarna från nyare tid. Det teoretiska perspektivet betonar värdet kring dessa lämningar. Metoden i uppsatsen är en komparativ analys mellan denna situation i Sverige och Norge. Eftersom det senare landet har ett kapitel i motsvarande kulturminneslag som har möjligheten att skydda lämningar oavsett tidsperiod. Resultatet visar på att 1850-årsgränsen generellt har en påverkan på fasta lämningar nyligen förfluten tid, men bevarandet och möjligheten till arkeologiska undersökningar påverkas även av övriga föreskrifter i lagen och andra faktorer. / The thesis problematizes the 1850 dating provision in the Swedish Historic Environment Act (1988:950) and its consequences for conservation of remains with no law protection, dated later than the year. The text analyzes the possibilities for archaeological research of the context of remains from recent time periods. The theoretical perspective aims to recognize the value of these recent remains. The method in the thesis is a comparative analysis between the situation in Sweden and Norway, because of the latter's chapter in the country's Act concerning the cultural heritage with the possibility to protect remains from every time period. The result is that the 1850 provision has an effect on recent remains, but the conservation and possibilities for archaeological investigation depend on other provisions in the law and other factors as well.

美國與歐盟在航空產業的補貼爭議已有數十年之久，雙方互相指控對方補貼其國內民用航空器製造業，此一爭議雖經雙方談判協商，但終究談判破裂而進入世界貿易組織（WTO）爭端解決機構，成為WTO歷史上涉案金額最大的一次貿易糾紛案。雖然美國與歐盟就航空器補貼爭議相互於WTO下提出訴訟，總計成立了四個爭端案件，在如此複雜的情況下，目前僅歐盟航空補貼案（DS316）已進入至言詞辯論程序，其他爭議案均未進入實質審理程序，尚無資料可得分析，因此僅就DS316一案而為討論。 / 在該案中，美方指控歐盟以開發補助、基礎設施、研發技術補助等措施為空中巴士進行補貼，提升空中巴士之市場競爭力，對美國波音公司產生不良影響。上述措施是否違反WTO規定，著實進一步分析探討之必要，因此本文將介紹補貼及民用航空器的相關規定，由SCM協定下之補貼構成要件－政府財務補助、利益及特定性之要件，判斷歐盟是否構成補貼，而其中尚須檢驗美國與歐盟首次書狀中論點之合理性、考量過去小組類似判斷之見解與顧及1992年美歐航空器的雙邊協定，最後嘗試預測未來小組判斷中，對補貼之構成與否及其法律效果之意見。 / Subsidy dispute of aviation between the US and EU has been lasting over the past decades. Both sides accused each other of subsidizing domestic civil aircraft industry. In spite of having made efforts to solve the trade clash through negotiations, they eventually took the subsidy dispute before Dispute Settlement Body of the World Trade Organization（WTO） after the negotiations had failed. In the biggest case ever to come before WTO, US and EU separately filed legal complaints against each other at the WTO, which set up four dispute cases. However, except the oral arguments were held in the European Communities-Measures Affecting Trade in Large Civil Aircraft（DS316）, the three other cases have not yet entered into substantial procedures. Therefore, this thesis intends to focus on the DS316 due to no related data available to analyze the rest of the cases. / In DS316, the US argued that EU subsidized Airbus by way of such measures as Launch Aid, Infrastructure & Regional Aid and Research & Technology to improve Airbus’s competitiveness in the aviation market and put its US rival Boeing at disadvantage. Given that whether the EU subsides are against the trade rules of the WTO needs further studies, this thesis would like to interpret related rules which regulate subsidy and civil aircraft industry. It would also like to decide if the EU involved in subsidizing by examining the constitutive requirements of subsidy under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures（SCM agreement）including financial contribution, benefit and specificity. This thesis will review the rationality of arguments in the first written submissions both by the US and EU, and then deliberate the opinions of similar decisions from the WTO panel in the past as well as take into account the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Government of the United States of America concerning the Application of the GATT Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft on Trade in Large Civil Aircraft in 1992. Finally, this article tries to forecast the opinions about what is regarded as subsidy and the related legal effects in future decisions by the WTO panel.

This research paper explores the educational challenges faced by unaccompanied refugee youths in Stockholm. It focuses on the ongoing educational challenges that stem after separating from their families or other representatives in struggling to find a safe place; and adjust to a foreign country with minimal support. The research also examines what educational services that have been made available to these unaccompanied refugee youths.  Furthermore, how successful they have been in adjusting into the Swedish educational system and achieving their educational goals.   We have conducted a qualitative research method using semi-structured interviews to provide insightful findings into this research topic. The sample included ten unaccompanied refugee youths and three professionals that are experts in the area of unaccompanied refugee youths.  The findings underscore that most of the unaccompanied refugee youths´ dropout from school before they are able to achieve their post- secondary education due to different challenges that influence their educational pursuit.    Key words: challenges, support, imbalance, education, and unaccompanied Refugee youths.

Šiame magistro darbe, pasitelkiant analizės, lyginamąjį, loginį, sisteminį ir ekonominį tyrimo metodus, išsamiai analizuojama nuostolių, kilusių dėl akcijų pirkimo–pardavimo sutartyse numatytų patvirtinimų ir garantijų pažeidimo, nustatymo ir išieškojimo problematika. Darbe tiek teoriniu, tiek praktiniu aspektu pateikiamos pagrindinės problemos ir siūlomi jų sprendimo variantai, kurie palengvintų nuostolių apskaičiavimą ir užtikrintų teisingą jų atlyginimą paaiškėjus, jog pardavėjo patvirtinimai ir garantijos, perleidžiant verslą akcijų pirkimo–pardavimo būdu, buvo klaidingi. Siekiant užsibrėžtų tikslų pirmoje darbo dalyje nagrinėjami verslo perleidimo akcijų pirkimo–pardavimo būdu ypatumai, aiškinamasi, kokį akcijų kiekį perleidus bus laikoma, kad įvyko viso verslo perleidimas, taip pat lyginamos sandorių rūšys verslą perleidžiant akcijų ir turto pardavimo būdais. Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad patvirtinimai ir garantijos jau tapo neatsiejama akcijų pirkimo–pardavimo sutarties nuostatų dalimi, o verslo įsigijimų praktikoje ginčai dažniausiai kyla dėl šių sutarties nuostatų pažeidimo, antroje darbo dalyje gilinamasi į jų teisinę prigimtį, esmę, tikslus bei vietą Lietuvos sutarčių teisės sistemoje. Pagrindinė darbo dalis skirta nagrinėjamos temos kontekste identifikuoti nuostolių nustatymo ir išieškojimo problemas, analizuoti pagrindinius nuostolių apskaičiavimo būdus ir įmonės vertinimo problematiką, įvertinti pardavėjo pareigos atskleisti informaciją ir pirkėjo pareigos patikrinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This master thesis, through the use of analytical, comparative, logical, systemic and economic methods forms a thorough analysis of problems concerning estimation and recovery of losses caused by the breaches of representations and warranties provided for in share sale–purchase agreements. This paper in both – theoretical and practical standpoints presents the core of the pending problems while suggesting the eventual rules, which if addressed, could ease the estimation of losses and safeguard the fair-minded compensation in the situations when seller’s representations and warranties provided for in share sale–purchase agreements were false. In order to achieve the selected goals of this master thesis, the first part of the paper analyses peculiarities of business transfer through the purchase of shares. It also examines what amount of transferred shares can be considered as a transfer of full business as well as compares the nature of business transactions through the sale of shares and assets. Due to the fact that representations and warranties have become an integral part of share sale–purchase agreements and disputes in business acquisitions are most often caused by the breach of above clauses, the second part of the paper examines their legal nature, substance, goals and place in the Lithuanian law of contracts. The main part of the paper aims to identify problems in estimation and recovery of damages, analyze main methods of the calculation of damages and issues in... [to full text]