In environments of high moisture exposure, carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement is believed to be a good alternative to steel due to its non-corrosive properties. However the CFRP matrix experiences other types of changes, mechanical deterioration and transverse swelling, with exposure to moisture and sustained stresses. Specifically for structural applications, few studies have investigated the effects of moisture and stress-induced matrix-dominated changes to the CFRP-concrete bond when the CFRP rods are cast into concrete as prestressed reinforcement. Experiments were conducted to measure the transverse swelling and moisture uptake rates of stressed and unstressed CFRP rods immersed in water and concrete pore solution (CPS). CFRP rods were also embedded in concrete and immersed in water to observe whether the transverse swelling of the rods would cause the concrete to crack. Pull-out tests were conducted on stressed and unstressed CFRP rods cast in concrete cubes and immersed in water for up to 125 days. Six CFRP prestressed concrete prisms were fabricated, three were immersed in water for over 125 days and three were left in lab conditions before being tested in three-point bending. Moisture-induced transverse swelling did not appear to cause cracking of the concrete covering CFRP rods in water, contrary to the prediction of the thick-walled cylinder model, but possibly caused an increase in the CFRP-concrete radial contact pressure. The imposition of sustained bending stresses on wet CFRP rods was found to cause premature failure, believed to be a result of matrix softening and microcracking. These observations of swelling and matrix degradation were believed to affect the CFRP-concrete bond. The pull-out tests of unstressed CFRP rods indicated an increased likelihood for bond failure in the CFRP matrix with moisture exposure. This resulted in greater variations in the ultimate and residual bond stresses of the wet samples compared to the dry controls. For the prestressed pull-out samples, higher magnitudes of prestressing resulted in lower bond failure loads. Both outcomes are indicative of matrix weakening with moisture and stress exposure. However despite this, the three-point bending tests revealed no significant differences in behaviour between the wet and dry prestressed prisms. Although the wet prisms exhibited slightly greater variation in their post peak load behaviour compared to the dry prisms, in line with the observations from the pull-out tests. The work from this thesis reveals that despite observations of matrix deterioration and transverse swelling in CFRP rods exposed to moisture and stress, the effect of these changes to the overall behaviour of a CFRP prestressed concrete member are minimal. Any long-term effects are unlikely to cause significant changes to the behaviour of the member. However, the CFRP-concrete bond may be more variable in members exposed to moisture, which should be allowed for in the design process. Therefore CFRP is a promising alternative to steel reinforcement in high moisture environments, with good long-term durability.

The aim of the research was to find an effective, reliable and cost-effective method for long-term monitoring of moisture in concrete structures. The slow diffusion rate of moisture through concrete requires that monitoring should be done over time scales of several years without periodic re-calibration. The solution arrived at was to use a quasi-coaxial transmission line, termed a cagecoaxial transmission line, as the sensing element. The transmission line, terminated in a short circuit, is encapsulated in a porous dielectric medium. It was found that the microstructure of the encapsulating medium had to be similar to the concrete in terms of capillary characteristics in order to track the moisture content of the material under test. The moisture in the encapsulating medium would change the electrical length of the transmission line by increasing the relative permittivity of the medium. The method used makes it possible to measure moisture levels to full saturation. Moisture content can be measured in terms of a percentage of saturation, which will be of considerable help as an early warning system of possible frost damage. A mathematical model was derived to calculate the relative permittivity in terms of moisture content in concrete. It was shown that to calculate the total permittivity of a solid porous medium with a dielectric mix formula, the formula must be expanded to include air, water and solid, before realistic values for the permittivity of the ingredients could be assigned. A dielectric mix formula was derived to account for the liquid to solid boundary effect on the permittivity of water in a solid porous material. The foundations were laid for the development of a reliable and cost-effective probe based on an oscillator, operating around 1 GHz, using the transmission line as a tuning element. The frequency of oscillation is a function of the apparent length, determined by the permittivity and therefore the moisture content, in the transmission line dielectric material. A method to convert this frequency to a format that can be monitored on a data logger system is described. The high oscillation frequency eliminates the effect of ionic conduction from dissolved substances.

Asphalt concrete pavement is subjected to several damaging actions from traffic loads, water (from precipitation and/or groundwater sources), and temperature. The durability of the asphalt-aggregate mixture, its ability to withstand these damaging actions for long periods, is a very important engineering property. While the durability of the asphalt-aggregates mixture depends on several factors such as the mixture's properties, construction methods, traffic loads and environmental conditions, they have to be evaluated to predict their field performance. Based on mixture evaluations, the mixtures that fail the test would have to be modified by additives or by changing the materials. The first objective of this thesis was to evaluate asphalt-aggregate mixtures for water damage using the Environmental Conditioning System (ECS), and rank the asphalt and aggregate types based on water sensitivity. The second objective was to relate the ECS ranking of the asphalt and aggregate types to Oregon State University (OSU) and University of Nottingham, UK (SWK/UN) wheel tracking test results, and to Net Adsorption Test (NAT) results. The third objective was to evaluate open-graded mixtures and rubber modified mixtures for water sensitivity using the ECS. The ECS test results indicate that performance ranking of mixtures by asphalt type or aggregate type alone cannot be made for the ECS test results due to the significant interaction between asphalt and aggregate. Water sensitivity in the ECS is significant for combinations of asphalt and aggregate. The ECS test results have shown that ECS performance ranking after one cycle is not statistically significant and does not correlate with ranking after three cycles. The results show that the ECS test program has similar aggregate rankings to those of the NAT and SWK/UN test program, while good agreement exists between SWK/UN wheel tracking results and the NAT test program results. However, poor agreement exists between the OSU wheel tracking results and those of the other two tests. Poor or very little agreement exists among the wheel tracking test results, ECS, and NAT test results in terms of asphalt type rankings. When considering the comparisons of materials ranking by different test procedures, one must keep in mind that the mechanisms leading to varying "performance" are not the same. The testing reported herein was aimed at measuring water sensitivity, but all the tests do not do so directly. The NAT procedure addresses only the potential for stripping (adhesion) and is not capable of evaluating cohesion loss. The other tests (ECS, OSU and SWK/UN wheel tracking) included all the mechanisms simultaneously, and these provided a gross effect without clearly separating the cause of failure in each case. Open-graded mixtures used by Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) performed well in the ECS in terms of water sensitivity. In the ECS evaluation, six mixtures passed the criteria of 75 % established for Indirect Retained Strength (IRS) test by ODOT, and one mixture was marginal. However, only one mixture passed the IRS evaluation, and another mixture was marginal. This confirms that the IRS test is a very severe test and is not suitable for water sensitivity evaluation of open-graded mixtures. Finally, the IRS test evaluation would suggest that these mixtures would fail prematurely after construction, but all of these mixtures have been used in projects which have been in service for more than three years with no visible signs of distress, or failures. / Graduation date: 1994

The Environmental Conditioning System (ECS) was designed to evaluate the water sensitivity of asphalt concrete mixtures. The ECS subjects asphalt concrete specimens to a series of conditioning cycles including water flow, elevated and/or lowered temperature, and repeated axial loading. The purpose of this research was to: (1) evaluate the ECS test apparatus and procedure, and (2) determine whether the ECS can identify asphalt concrete mixtures that will perform well, or poorly, in the field with regard to water sensitivity. Twelve primary field test sections were identified. For each section, specimens were prepared in the laboratory using the original mix design (or the mix design identified by extraction), and the original aggregates, asphalts, and admixtures. Specimens were tested using two procedures: the ECS and the Oregon State University (OSU) wheel tracker. Field cores were used to evaluate in-situ mixture performance. Nine additional mixtures that have historically experienced water damage were tested in a limited secondary test program. Analyses were performed to determine the mixture properties that were significant in the prediction of mixture performance in the ECS. Mixture type was consistently the most significant predictor of ECS modulus ratio (change in mixture stiffness), degree of visual stripping, and binder migration, which were the performance indicators for water sensitivity evaluated in the ECS. Additional analysis indicated the existence of correlations among the ECS response variables. Significant correlations were found between the coefficient of water permeability and the degree of visual stripping; and between specimen deformation and the degree of visual stripping and binder migration. Mixture performance was compared between the ECS and the OSU wheel tracker and the field. Results indicate that the ECS test procedure can distinguish the relative performance of mixtures, with regard to water sensitivity, and mixture performance in the ECS correlates well with performance in the OSU wheel tracker. No correlation was found between mixture performance in the ECS and mixture performance in the field for the primary test sections. However, the primary field sections are relatively young, and water damage is expected to manifest itself in the future in those pavements identified as water sensitive by the ECS. The ECS predicted failure in the secondary mixtures which were identified as having had poor performance with regard to water sensitivity. / Graduation date: 1994

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-18. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000829587.pdf: 1025900 bytes, checksum: caf14058fe0da647247682c65c55da7c (MD5) / O concreto de alto desempenho (CAD) possui uma densa microestrutura que lhe proporciona ao mesmo, alta resistência e redução de sua permeabilidade. Com isso, apresenta alta durabilidade, sendo maior que a do concreto convencional. Esse fato mostra que a utilização deste concreto está crescendo rapidamente em diversas obras. Este produto tem como base a cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (CBC), que possui grande potencial para ser utilizada como aditivo mineral em concretos, uma vez que é composta por dióxido de silício. A partir dessas afirmações, esta pesquisa apresenta a finalidade de analisar o desempenho da adição de CBC sem sofrer o processo de moagem, na fabricação do concreto de alto desempenho. Para tanto, foi feita a substituição de CBC na proporção de 5%, 10%, 15% e 20%, sendo esta substituída na quantidade de agregado miúdo em massa. Os ensaios realizados foram: absorção, módulo de elasticidade, resistência à compressão e resistência à tração por compressão diametral para as idades de 7, 28, 60 e 90 dias. Chegou-se, portanto, à conclusão que o CAD com CBC de substituição em 20% de agregado miúdo em massa foi o que obteve o melhor desempenho, por isso foi o traço escolhido para os ensaios de durabilidade, tais como: resistência ao ataque químico, absorção por capilaridade, frente à penetração de cloretos, ensaio de abrasão/erosão e permeabilidade à água. Assim, os resultados obtidos nos ensaios foram comparados aos mesmos ensaios realizados com o concreto referência, ou seja, CAD sem nenhuma adição. A partir daí, observou-se que, em determinados casos, o CAD com adição de CBC apresentou resultados iguais ou até mesmo superiores ao do concreto referência / The high performance concrete (CAD) has a dense microstructure which provides the same, high strength and reduced permeability. With this, it has high durability, being greater than that of conventional concrete. This fact makes their use is growing rapidly in several works. Regarding bagasse ash cane sugar (CBC), this has great potential to be used as a mineral additive for concrete, since it is composed of silicon dioxide. Thus, this research has the purpose of analyzing the performance of the addition of CBC without undergoing milling, manufacturing of high performance concrete. Replacement of was which is substituted in the proportion of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, the amount of aggregate in massa. Os tests were performed: absorption, modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and tensile strength by diametrical compression to the ages of 7, 28, 60 and 90 days. Was reached, so the conclusion that CAD with CBC replacement in 20% of aggregate mass, was what had the best performance, so it was chosen for durability testing trait and which were the following: resistance to chemical attack, wicking, across the penetration of chlorides abrasion test / erosion and water permeability. The results obtained in the tests were compared to tests performed with the same reference concrete, that is, without addition CAD, showing in some cases, the addition of CAD with CBC showed equal or even superior results to the reference concrete

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-13T12:10:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-07-13T12:25:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000837061.pdf: 1904789 bytes, checksum: 8b4d526ca7ac778c3a7ead4be26f6682 (MD5) / O cimento Portland é largamente utilizado na construção civil, sendo também um dos materiais mais utilizados do mundo. Porém, há uma grande emissão de CO 2 na produção do cimento Portland, então surge a busca por materiais alternativos na construção civil. Outro problema está relacionado com o crescimento da produção de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. A folha de cana-de-açúcar é um subproduto da colheita da cana-de-açúcar, e ela possui como qualidade o seu poder calorífico para geração de energia, que é comparável ao do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, a produção de energia a partir da queima da folha de cana-de- açúcar gera um resíduo, a cinza de folha de cana-de-açúcar. Este resíduo é o principal elemento deste trabalho, objetivando seu uso como material pozolânico em matrizes cimentantes substituindo parcialmente o cimento Portland. Neste trabalho, é estudado desde a produção desta cinza até a sua utilização em matrizes cimentantes. Primeiramente, é estudado o modo de obtenção de uma cinza com boas qualidades pozolânicas. Portanto, são utilizados fornos para queimar a folha e obter a cinza, depois esta passa por um processo de peneiramento e, finalmente, a moagem do material. Após obter a cinza, esta é caracterizada pela Composição Química, Difração de Raio-X, Granulometria, Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier, Análise Termogravimétrica e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Em seguida, após a caracterização de cinza, esta é aplicada em pastas de cal/pozolana e cimento/pozolana com o objetivo de analisar sua reatividade pozolânica. Ensaios de Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier, Análise Termogravimétrica e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura são utilizados como análise da evolução da reação pozolânica. Finalmente, a cinza é aplicada em argamassas substituindo parcialmente em massa... / Portland cement is widely used in building construction, and one of the mostly materials used in the world. However, Portland cement production generates huge amount of CO 2, and, consequently, researches for alternative materials in building construction is growing up. Another problem is related to growth of sugarcane production in Brazil. Sugar cane straw is a byproduct of harvesting sugar cane, and one of its qualities is the calorific value for power generation that can be compared to sugar cane bagasse. However, the production of energy from burning sugar cane straw generates a waste, the sugar cane straw ash. The residue is the maing element in this work, aiming its use as pozzolanic material in cementitious binder replacing partially the Portland cement. In this work, is studied since the production of this ash until this use in cementing matrices. First, the method of obtaining a good ash with pozzolanic qualities is studied. Therefore, furnaces are used to burn the straw and obtain the ash, then it passes through sieves, and finally grinding the material. After obtaining the ash, it is characterized from Chemical Composition, X-Ray Diffraction, Particle Size, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Then, after characterizing the ash, it is assessed in cement pastes/pozzolan and lime/pozzolan to evaluate their pozzolanic reactivity. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy are used to evaluate the development of pozzolanic reaction. Finally, the ash is used in mortars replacing partially in mass the Portland cement to evaluate the mechanical properties. Four different substitutions were assessed and were compared to the control with no sugarcane straw ash. Results from characterization of sugar cane straw ash and pastes, as well as mechanical properties of mortars, show ...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:27:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000844371.pdf: 4204307 bytes, checksum: fb22d1267c606f6fa3de44ae3a52f036 (MD5) / O concreto é um material que apresenta uma série de vantagens, como, por exemplo, boa durabilidade, baixa permeabilidade, resistência às condições atmosféricas e grande resistência frente aos esforços de compressão. Estas qualidades fizeram com que sua aplicação fosse difundida para a confecção de tubos de concreto destinados à captação e transporte de água da chuva uma vez que estes elementos são normalmente enterrados, e, deste modo, estão sujeitos a esforços de compressão e expostos à ação da água. No entanto, o concreto tem algumas limitações, como, por exemplo, baixa resistência à tração, elevado peso próprio, facilidade de fissuração e um comportamento frágil na ruptura. Assim, novos materiais passaram a ser estudados a fim de se encontrar novos componentes que pudessem minimizar as suas limitações. Um deles é o resíduo de borracha de pneu, que pode proporcionar ao concreto uma maior capacidade de deformação e também uma distribuição mais eficaz das tensões atuantes. Além disso, este resíduo também pode proporcionar um aumento da absorção de energia e uma diminuição da propagação de fissuras no estado endurecido. No entanto, vários estudos mostram que a inclusão de resíduos de borracha no concreto provoca uma diminuição da resistência mecânica à compressão, uma diminuição da trabalhabilidade das misturas e um aumento do teor de ar incorporado. Nesta pesquisa foi feita uma análise do comportamento estrutural de cinco tubos de concreto armado, sendo um deles sem adição de resíduo de borracha (traço TC), dois deles com uma quantidade de resíduos igual a 10 kg de borracha por metro cubico de concreto (traço TR 10) e outros dois com uma quantidade de resíduo de 20 kg de borracha por metro cubico de concreto (traço TR 20). Todos os tubos confeccionados tinham um diâmetro nominal de 60 cm e um comprimento efetivo de 150 cm. Para... / The concrete material has a number of advantages like durability, low permeability, weather resistance and high compressive strength. These qualities have led its application to the rainwater collection, since the pipes are usually buried, and, thus, are subjected to compressive forces and exposed to the action of water. However, the concrete has some limitations, as, for example, low resistance to tensile stress, high self-weight, ease of cracking and a brittle behavior in rupture. Thus, many materials are being studied in order to be used as a new concrete component, seeking to minimize its disadvantages. One of them is the tire rubber residue. This residue is a fibrous material that takes a long time to decompose and increases the amount of trash in landfills, but it may give a greater deformation capacity and also a more effective distribution of stresses to the concrete. Furthermore, the tire rubber residue can provide an increase in energy absorption and a decrease in the propagation of cracks in the hardened state. However several studies show that the inclusion of tire rubber residue in the concrete causes a decrease in the mechanical strength to compression, a decrease in the workability of the mixtures and an increase of the content of entrained air. This work deals with the analysis of the structural behavior of five reinforced concrete pipes: one without the addition of tire rubber residue (designated as TC); two of them with an content of residue equal to 10 kg of residue per cubic meter of concrete (designated as TR 10); and the last two with a quantity of 20 kg per cubic meter of concrete (designated as TR 20). All the pipes had a nominal diameter of 60 cm and an effective length of 150 cm. In order to quantify the strength of the pipes, the diametral compression tests were performed according to the recommendations of the NBR 8890 (ABNT, 2007). The diametral displacements at the hub ...

Orientador: José Luiz Pinheiro Melges / Co-orientador: Jorge Luís Akasaki / Banca: Antonio Domingues de Figueiredo / Banca: Rodrigo Piernas Andolfato / Resumo: O concreto é um material que apresenta uma série de vantagens, como, por exemplo, boa durabilidade, baixa permeabilidade, resistência às condições atmosféricas e grande resistência frente aos esforços de compressão. Estas qualidades fizeram com que sua aplicação fosse difundida para a confecção de tubos de concreto destinados à captação e transporte de água da chuva uma vez que estes elementos são normalmente enterrados, e, deste modo, estão sujeitos a esforços de compressão e expostos à ação da água. No entanto, o concreto tem algumas limitações, como, por exemplo, baixa resistência à tração, elevado peso próprio, facilidade de fissuração e um comportamento frágil na ruptura. Assim, novos materiais passaram a ser estudados a fim de se encontrar novos componentes que pudessem minimizar as suas limitações. Um deles é o resíduo de borracha de pneu, que pode proporcionar ao concreto uma maior capacidade de deformação e também uma distribuição mais eficaz das tensões atuantes. Além disso, este resíduo também pode proporcionar um aumento da absorção de energia e uma diminuição da propagação de fissuras no estado endurecido. No entanto, vários estudos mostram que a inclusão de resíduos de borracha no concreto provoca uma diminuição da resistência mecânica à compressão, uma diminuição da trabalhabilidade das misturas e um aumento do teor de ar incorporado. Nesta pesquisa foi feita uma análise do comportamento estrutural de cinco tubos de concreto armado, sendo um deles sem adição de resíduo de borracha (traço TC), dois deles com uma quantidade de resíduos igual a 10 kg de borracha por metro cubico de concreto (traço TR 10) e outros dois com uma quantidade de resíduo de 20 kg de borracha por metro cubico de concreto (traço TR 20). Todos os tubos confeccionados tinham um diâmetro nominal de 60 cm e um comprimento efetivo de 150 cm. Para... / Abstract: The concrete material has a number of advantages like durability, low permeability, weather resistance and high compressive strength. These qualities have led its application to the rainwater collection, since the pipes are usually buried, and, thus, are subjected to compressive forces and exposed to the action of water. However, the concrete has some limitations, as, for example, low resistance to tensile stress, high self-weight, ease of cracking and a brittle behavior in rupture. Thus, many materials are being studied in order to be used as a new concrete component, seeking to minimize its disadvantages. One of them is the tire rubber residue. This residue is a fibrous material that takes a long time to decompose and increases the amount of trash in landfills, but it may give a greater deformation capacity and also a more effective distribution of stresses to the concrete. Furthermore, the tire rubber residue can provide an increase in energy absorption and a decrease in the propagation of cracks in the hardened state. However several studies show that the inclusion of tire rubber residue in the concrete causes a decrease in the mechanical strength to compression, a decrease in the workability of the mixtures and an increase of the content of entrained air. This work deals with the analysis of the structural behavior of five reinforced concrete pipes: one without the addition of tire rubber residue (designated as TC); two of them with an content of residue equal to 10 kg of residue per cubic meter of concrete (designated as TR 10); and the last two with a quantity of 20 kg per cubic meter of concrete (designated as TR 20). All the pipes had a nominal diameter of 60 cm and an effective length of 150 cm. In order to quantify the strength of the pipes, the diametral compression tests were performed according to the recommendations of the NBR 8890 (ABNT, 2007). The diametral displacements at the hub ... / Mestre

Orientador: Mauro Mitsuuchi Tashima / Co-orientador: Jorge Luís Akasaki / Banca: José Luiz Pinheiro Melges / Banca: Lourdes Soriano Martinez / Resumo: O concreto de alto desempenho (CAD) possui uma densa microestrutura que lhe proporciona ao mesmo, alta resistência e redução de sua permeabilidade. Com isso, apresenta alta durabilidade, sendo maior que a do concreto convencional. Esse fato mostra que a utilização deste concreto está crescendo rapidamente em diversas obras. Este produto tem como base a cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (CBC), que possui grande potencial para ser utilizada como aditivo mineral em concretos, uma vez que é composta por dióxido de silício. A partir dessas afirmações, esta pesquisa apresenta a finalidade de analisar o desempenho da adição de CBC sem sofrer o processo de moagem, na fabricação do concreto de alto desempenho. Para tanto, foi feita a substituição de CBC na proporção de 5%, 10%, 15% e 20%, sendo esta substituída na quantidade de agregado miúdo em massa. Os ensaios realizados foram: absorção, módulo de elasticidade, resistência à compressão e resistência à tração por compressão diametral para as idades de 7, 28, 60 e 90 dias. Chegou-se, portanto, à conclusão que o CAD com CBC de substituição em 20% de agregado miúdo em massa foi o que obteve o melhor desempenho, por isso foi o traço escolhido para os ensaios de durabilidade, tais como: resistência ao ataque químico, absorção por capilaridade, frente à penetração de cloretos, ensaio de abrasão/erosão e permeabilidade à água. Assim, os resultados obtidos nos ensaios foram comparados aos mesmos ensaios realizados com o concreto referência, ou seja, CAD sem nenhuma adição. A partir daí, observou-se que, em determinados casos, o CAD com adição de CBC apresentou resultados iguais ou até mesmo superiores ao do concreto referência / Abstract: The high performance concrete (CAD) has a dense microstructure which provides the same, high strength and reduced permeability. With this, it has high durability, being greater than that of conventional concrete. This fact makes their use is growing rapidly in several works. Regarding bagasse ash cane sugar (CBC), this has great potential to be used as a mineral additive for concrete, since it is composed of silicon dioxide. Thus, this research has the purpose of analyzing the performance of the addition of CBC without undergoing milling, manufacturing of high performance concrete. Replacement of was which is substituted in the proportion of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, the amount of aggregate in massa. Os tests were performed: absorption, modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and tensile strength by diametrical compression to the ages of 7, 28, 60 and 90 days. Was reached, so the conclusion that CAD with CBC replacement in 20% of aggregate mass, was what had the best performance, so it was chosen for durability testing trait and which were the following: resistance to chemical attack, wicking, across the penetration of chlorides abrasion test / erosion and water permeability. The results obtained in the tests were compared to tests performed with the same reference concrete, that is, without addition CAD, showing in some cases, the addition of CAD with CBC showed equal or even superior results to the reference concrete / Mestre

Orientador: Mauro Mitsuuchi Tashima / Co-orientador: José Luiz Pinheiro Melges / Banca: Jorge Luis Akasaki / Banca: Fermin de La Caridad Garcia Velasco / Resumo: O cimento Portland é largamente utilizado na construção civil, sendo também um dos materiais mais utilizados do mundo. Porém, há uma grande emissão de CO 2 na produção do cimento Portland, então surge a busca por materiais alternativos na construção civil. Outro problema está relacionado com o crescimento da produção de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. A folha de cana-de-açúcar é um subproduto da colheita da cana-de-açúcar, e ela possui como qualidade o seu poder calorífico para geração de energia, que é comparável ao do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, a produção de energia a partir da queima da folha de cana-de- açúcar gera um resíduo, a cinza de folha de cana-de-açúcar. Este resíduo é o principal elemento deste trabalho, objetivando seu uso como material pozolânico em matrizes cimentantes substituindo parcialmente o cimento Portland. Neste trabalho, é estudado desde a produção desta cinza até a sua utilização em matrizes cimentantes. Primeiramente, é estudado o modo de obtenção de uma cinza com boas qualidades pozolânicas. Portanto, são utilizados fornos para queimar a folha e obter a cinza, depois esta passa por um processo de peneiramento e, finalmente, a moagem do material. Após obter a cinza, esta é caracterizada pela Composição Química, Difração de Raio-X, Granulometria, Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier, Análise Termogravimétrica e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Em seguida, após a caracterização de cinza, esta é aplicada em pastas de cal/pozolana e cimento/pozolana com o objetivo de analisar sua reatividade pozolânica. Ensaios de Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier, Análise Termogravimétrica e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura são utilizados como análise da evolução da reação pozolânica. Finalmente, a cinza é aplicada em argamassas substituindo parcialmente em massa... / Abstract: Portland cement is widely used in building construction, and one of the mostly materials used in the world. However, Portland cement production generates huge amount of CO 2, and, consequently, researches for alternative materials in building construction is growing up. Another problem is related to growth of sugarcane production in Brazil. Sugar cane straw is a byproduct of harvesting sugar cane, and one of its qualities is the calorific value for power generation that can be compared to sugar cane bagasse. However, the production of energy from burning sugar cane straw generates a waste, the sugar cane straw ash. The residue is the maing element in this work, aiming its use as pozzolanic material in cementitious binder replacing partially the Portland cement. In this work, is studied since the production of this ash until this use in cementing matrices. First, the method of obtaining a good ash with pozzolanic qualities is studied. Therefore, furnaces are used to burn the straw and obtain the ash, then it passes through sieves, and finally grinding the material. After obtaining the ash, it is characterized from Chemical Composition, X-Ray Diffraction, Particle Size, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Then, after characterizing the ash, it is assessed in cement pastes/pozzolan and lime/pozzolan to evaluate their pozzolanic reactivity. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy are used to evaluate the development of pozzolanic reaction. Finally, the ash is used in mortars replacing partially in mass the Portland cement to evaluate the mechanical properties. Four different substitutions were assessed and were compared to the control with no sugarcane straw ash. Results from characterization of sugar cane straw ash and pastes, as well as mechanical properties of mortars, show ... / Mestre