This research investigated the relationship between students’ approaches to second language learning and a specific personality variable. The main research instruments were two questionnaires. One was the Language Learning Orientation Questionnaire (LLOQ), which measures two orientations to language learning, Structure Orientation (SO) and Communication Orientation (CO). The other instrument was the Regulatory Focus Theory Questionnaire (RFTQ), which was extensively modified from the USdesigned Regulatory Focus Theory (RFT: Higgins, 1997) for application in the Chinese cultural background, or Confucian Heritage Cultures (CHC), of Taiwan. The study involved 360 students in four high schools in Taiwan. The quantitative data from the questionnaires were supplemented by qualitative data from interviews and non-participant classroom observations. The analysis of LLOQ results demonstrated a clear distinction between SO and CO among the participants. The results of the CHC RFTQ identified three forms of Regulatory Focus: Obligation-Adherence, Social-Security (which are conflated in standard RFT as PRE) and Goal-Achievement (a specific form of PRO). The analysis of the relationship between the LLOQ and RFTQ data indicates there is a correlation between RF and LLO.

World's largest business center is now located in East Asia, which is also the place of Confucian origin..Asian cultures influenced by Confucianism are known for their "inner strength" and stability. Trade in these countries flourishes as nowhere else in the world. The way of life and perception of social values, according to Confucian values significantly affected the business culture of these countries. This thesis describes the attitude and behavior in business and economic activities of Confucian citizens. How Confucianism contributed to the present form of business conduction, practices, culture and etiquette in China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan.