We will study various quantities related to connectivity of a graph. To this end, we look at Nordhaus-Gaddum type problems, which are problems where the same quantity is studied for a graph $G$ and its complement $G^c$ at the same time. For a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices with normalized Laplacian eigenvalues $0 = \lambda_1(G) \leq \lambda_2(G) \leq \cdots \leq \lambda_n(G)$ and graph complement $G^c$, we prove that \begin{equation*} \max\{\lambda_2(G),\lambda_2(G^c)\}\geq \frac{2}{n^2}. \end{equation*} We do this by way of lower bounding $\max\{i(G), i(G^c)\}$ and $\max\{h(G), h(G^c)\}$ where $i(G)$ and $h(G)$ denote the isoperimetric number and Cheeger constant of $G$, respectively. We also discuss some related Nordhaus-Gaddum questions.

This thesis examines the high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) problem of OFDM and other spectrally-efficient multicarrier modulation schemes, specifically their stringent requirements for highly linear, power-inefficient amplification. The thesis then presents a most intriguing answer to the PAPR-problem in the form of a constant-envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) waveform, a waveform which employs phase modulation to transform the high-PAPR OFDM signal into a constant envelope signal, like FSK or GMSK, which can be amplified with non-linear power amplifiers at near saturation levels of efficiency. A brief analytical description of CE-OFDM and its suboptimal receiver architecture is provided in order to define and analyze the key parameters of the waveform and their performance impacts. The primary contribution of this thesis is a highly tunable software-defined radio (SDR) implementation of the waveform which enables rapid-prototyping and testing of CE-OFDM systems. The digital baseband processing of the waveform is executed on a general purpose processor (GPP) in the Linux Ubuntu 14.04 operating system, and programmed using the GNU Radio SDR software framework with a mixture of Python and C++ routines. A detailed description of the software implementation is provided, and baseband simulations of the SDR CE-OFDM receiver in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) validate the performance of the implemented signal processing. A fully-functional CE-OFDM radio system is proposed in which GPPs executing the software defined transmitter and receiver routines are interfaced with Ettus Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) transceiver front ends. A software testbench is created to enable rapid configuration and testing of the CE-OFDM waveform over all permutations of its parameters, over both simulated and physical RF channels, to draw deeper insights into the characteristics of the waveform and the necessary design considerations and improvements for further development and deployment of CE-OFDM systems. / Master of Science

The physiologic and metabolic effects of chronic consumption of energy below recommended levels on constant-load exercise was studied in women age 19-24 years. Ten controls (average caloric intake ~ 35 kcal/kg body weight) and 10 subjects with suboptimal energy intake (average caloric intake - 25 kcal/kg body weight) were matched for age, exercise caloric expenditure and percentage of HB-predicted RMR. Subjects (n=20) completed a maximal incremental cycle ergometer test and a 30-minute cycle ergometer test at 75 % of peak oxygen consumption. Although both groups presented a significant increase in ventilation (VE) over time of exercise, the rate of change in VE and end-exercise VE value was significantly greater, F (1 J 18) = 5.63, P < .05, for the suboptimal energy intake group than for the controls. Although not statistically significant (p = 0.454), heart rate (HR) tended to be continuously higher for the suboptimal energy intake group than the control group during the constant-load cycle test. Peripheral ratings of perceived exertion (RPE-L) also tended to be higher for the suboptimal energy intake group at the end of constant-load exercise, however, not significantly (p = 0.072). Two subjects in the suboptimal energy intake group failed to complete the 30-minute submaximal constant-load cycle test; one completed 15 minutes and the other 20 minutes. All subjects in the control group completed the entire submaximal constant-load test (30 minutes). These results suggest that women with chronic suboptimal energy intake have increased difficulty tolerating moderate intensity exercise for 30 minutes (an intensity and duration that mimics a typical exercise session). / Master of Science

Dielectric constant is a physical property of soil that is often measured using non-invasive geophysical techniques in subsurface characterization studies. A proper understanding of dielectric responses allows investigators to make measurements that might otherwise require more invasive and/or destructive methods. Previous studies have suggested that dielectric models could be refined by accounting for the contributions of different types of mineral constituents that affect the ratio and properties of bound and bulk water. This study tested the hypothesis that the dielectric responses of porous materials are mineral-specific through differences in surface area and chemistry. An experimental design was developed to test the dielectric behavior of pure quartz sand (Control), quartz sand/kaolin clay mixtures and ferric oxyhydroxide coated quartz sand. Results from the experiments show that the dielectric responses of quartz-clay and iron oxyhydroxide modified samples are not significantly different from the pure quartz Control. Increasing clay content in quartz sands leads to a vertical displacement between fitted polynomials. The results suggest that the classic interpretation for the curvature of dielectric responses appears to be incorrect. The curvature of dielectric responses at low water contents appears to be controlled by unknown parameters other than bound water. A re-examination of the experimental procedure proposed in this study and past studies shows that a properly designed study of bound water effects on dielectric responses has not yet been conduct / Master of Science

Although utilities attempt to avoid offensive smelling compounds in consumer's drinking water, their efforts are often hampered by a lack of data or knowledge of the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of odorants. Many factors affect the ability of a consumer to detect odors, including: concentration, presence of chlorine/other odorants, temperature, and the individual's sensitivity. This research developed a simplified static-headspace technique to determine Henry's Law constants at multiple temperatures and then use these data to calculate the enthalpy of solution so that new Henry's Law constants can be calculated at any temperature using the van't Hoff Equation. The method was applied to three taste-and-odor compounds of moderate water solubility (about 100 mg/L). 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is a methylated monoterpene alcohol that is produced by actinomycetes and blue-green algae and has a musty odor that is detectable at 4-10 ng/L water. Geosmin, also produced by actinomycetes and blue-green algae, has a detectable earthy odor at 5-10 ng/L. trans-2, cis-6-Nonadienal is enzymatically synthesized from poly-unsaturated fatty acids by diatoms like Synura and has cucumber and fishy odors detectable at 10-40 ng/L levels. The new static headspace method uses standard glassware used in odor-analyses. 500 mL wide-mouth Erlenmeyer flasks were modified with septum sampling ports to measure vapor phase concentrations by SPME/GC-MS. Unitless Henry's Law constants were determined at multiple temperatures using the vapor and aqueous phase concentrations. From the Henry's Law constants, the enthalpies of reactions were calculated. For these compounds, the values for Henry's Law constants ranged from 0.002 to 0.02 for four temperatures between 20 to 45 °C with geosmin and 2-MIB having similar and higher values than for nonadienal. The constants increased with increasing temperature. The enthalpies of vaporization from the aqueous phase were determined to be in the range of 50-80 kJoule/mole. The experiments were repeated with fulvic acid added to the aqueous media at different concentrations. The Henry's Law constants were decreased with the presence of fulvic acid; however no correlation between the concentration of fulvic acid and the decrease was observed. The decrease in constants for 2-MIB and geosmin were very small compared to nonadienal. Finally the measured Henry's Law constants were used to predict gas phase concentrations of odorants for known aqueous concentrations of geosmin, 2-MIB, and nonadienal. The results were correlated to the human sensory data obtained from flavor profile analysis. The data demonstrated that as the gas phase concentration increased, the perceived odor intensity also increased, but only up to a certain point. The vapor phase concentration increased linearly as the aqueous phase concentration increased, but the FPA intensity increased at a lower rate and leveled-off. The increase in the FPA rating at 25ï °C was greater than at 45 °C although the vapor phase concentration was greater at 45 °C. For samples containing 400 and 600 ng/L geosmin, 400 and 600 ng/L, 2-MIB, 100 and 200 ng/L nonadienal, the increase in gas phase concentration did not increase the FPA ratings of the panelists. It was concluded that, utilities will be challenged to assess and treat high concentrations of geosmin, 2-MIB, and nonadienal. Sensory analysis will not be predictive of aqueous or vapor concentration at high levels and may be misleading if used to determine a treatment strategy. Chemical analyses, especially solid phase microextraction technique is very effective in measuring these compounds even at low ng/L levels. The temperature-related Henry's Law constants can be used to assess remediation systems, human exposure and sensory perception by predicting gas phase concentration in a variety of situations, such as showering and washing dishes. / Master of Science

Power consumption of smart cameras varies significantly between sleep mode and active mode, and a smart camera operates in sleep mode for 80 — 90% of time for typical use. To prolong the battery life of smart cameras, it is essential to increase the power converter efficiency for light load, while being able to manage heavy load. The power stage of traditional buck converter is optimized for maximum load, at the cost of light-load efficiency. Wei proposed a multiphase buck converter incorporating the baby-buck concept and optimum number of phases (ONP) control. This thesis research investigated Wei's multiphase buck converter to improve the light-load efficiency for smart cameras as the target application. The proposed two-phase buck converter aims to provide power for microprocessors of smart cameras. The input voltage of the converter is 5 V DC, and the output voltage is 1.2 V DC with power dissipation range of 25 mA (30 mW) for light load and 833 mA (1 W) for heavy load. Three methods are considered to improve light-load efficiency: adopting baby-buck concept, adapting ONP control for low-power range, and implementing a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) control scheme with discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) to lower switching frequency. The first method is to adopt the baby-buck concept through power stage design of each phase to optimize efficiency for a specific load range. The baby-buck phase is optimized for light load and the heavy-load phase is designed to handle the processors maximum power consumption. The second method performs phase selection from sensed load current information. Rather than have all phases active for heavy-load as in ONP control, optimum phase selection (OPS) control is introduced to adaptively select between phases based on load current. Due to low-power constraints, OPS is more efficient for the medium to heavy-load range. The transition between phases due to load change is also investigated. The third and final method implements PFM control with DCM to lower switching frequency and reduce switching and driving losses under light load. PFM is accomplished with a constant on-time (COT) valley current mode controller, which uses the inductor current information and output voltage to generate switching signals for both the top and bottom switches. The baby-buck phase enters DCM to lower switching frequency under very light load, while the heavy-load phase remains in continuous conduction mode (CCM) throughout its load range. The proposed two-phase buck converter is designed and prototyped using discrete components. Efficiency of the two-phase converter and a power loss breakdown for each block in the control scheme were measured. The efficiency ranges from 64% to 81% for light load ranging of 30 mW to 200 mW, and the efficiency ranges from 81% to 88% for heavy load ranging from 200 mW to 1 W. The majority loss is due to controllers, which are responsible for 37 % (8.6 mW) for light load of 60 mW and for 10.9 % (9 mW) for heavy load of 600 mW. The gate driver loss is considerable for heavy load of 600 mW, consuming 11.9% (9.8mW). The converter has a 10 mV overshoot voltage for a load step-down from 225 mA to 25 mA, and it has 65 mV overshoot voltage for a load step-up from 25 mA to 225 mA. Although, a fair comparison is difficult due to use of discrete parts for OPS control, the proposed converter shows reasonably good efficiency and performance. / Master of Science

Sub-micron patterning is fundamental to the fabrication of numerous devices Traditional commercial manufacturing methods either lack the resolution needed to attain the appropriate size or are prohibitively expensive due to low throughput or the necessity of expensive equipment. Imprint lithography is a rapid, inexpensive alternative to making sub-micron features that can be tailored to work with a variety of materials. Imprint lithography, while traditionally used with pure polymers has been tailored to be used with nanoparticle-polymer hybrid films. This work has achieved high-fidelity pattern transfer onto polymer-nanoparticle hybrid films with feature sizes as small as 250 nm. The polymer-nanoparticle hybrid was fabricated by creating a liquid suspension of functionalized ZnO nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in a solvent. The ZnO particles were functionalized by adding nonanoic acid in order to facilitate the dispersion of the particles in a non-polar solvent. This suspension was spread onto substrate, imprinted with a patterned stamp, allowed to dry, and was demolded. The final result was features ranging from 250 nm to 1 μm in size with good fidelity as determined by the accuracy of the feature replication and the surface roughness of the overall sample. The effect of the ZnO content as well as the method of combining the suspension components on the feature fidelity was studied. In general, it was found that feature fidelity is acceptable up to a dry-film composition of 15 vol% ZnO and that feature sizes above 500 nm were more tolerant of higher solids loading. The same imprint lithography method was also used to pattern a polymer-derived SiOC glass. The SiOC was shown to be have interesting shrinkage properties where the feature-level linear shrinkage was up to 5% more than that of the bulk. The features were shown to be stable during pyrolysis up to 1000°C and stable at operating temperatures up to 1000°C. A constant number Monte Carlo simulation was used to describe the suspension behavior to confirm the empirical results from the physical experiments. The effects of Van der Waals forces, steric stabilization, depletion flocculation, as well as the physical impediment of entangled polymer chains were considered. A similar agglomeration behavior was shown in the simulations compared to the physical experiments. This thesis shows that polymer-nanoparticle hybrid films are a compatible material for imprint lithography using appropriate suspension parameters. This is very important for a variety of applications and devices. Using imprint lithography to make these devices makes them cheaper and more accessible to the commercial market and can make a large number of theoretical devices a reality. / Ph. D. / Sub-micron patterning is an integral part of making many modern technologies such as memory storage devices or integrated circuits. As this technology becomes smaller and smaller, the limiting factor for making these devices has become the ability to manufacture effectively at the appropriate scale. Traditional commercial manufacturing methods lack the resolution needed to attain small enough features. Manufacturing methods that can make small enough features are often either extremely expensive or offer incomplete control of the feature morphology. Imprint lithography is a high-throughput, inexpensive alternative to making sub-micron features that can be tailored to work with a variety of materials. Imprint lithography is simple process in which a patterned stamp is pressed into a softened film of material in order to transfer the pattern of the stamp onto that material. Traditionally, imprint lithography works best with polymers and researchers have struggled to pattern nanoparticle-based materials. This work has achieved high-fidelity pattern transfer onto polymer-nanoparticle hybrid films with feature sizes on the same order as the polymer films found reported in literature. The polymer-nanoparticle hybrid was realized by creating a liquid suspension of functionalized ZnO nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in a solvent. The ZnO particles were functionalized by adding nonanoic acid, allowing the normally polar particles to disperse in the non-polar solvent needed to dissolve the PMMA. This suspension was spread onto a glass substrate, imprinted with a patterned stamp, allowed to dry, and was demolded. The final result was the successful transfer of features ranging from 250 nm to 1 μm in size with good fidelity. The effect of the ZnO content as well as the method of combining the suspension components on the feature fidelity was studied. To help prove the broad applicability of this imprint method, it was adapted for use with polymer-derived ceramics. Additionally, a computer simulation was developed to help understand the behavior of the nanoparticle-polymer suspension during the imprint process.

The Class-E topology was presented as a single-switch power amplifier with high efficiency at the optimum condition, where the switch enjoys zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-voltage-derivative switching (ZDS). It is also used in MHz dc-dc converters, and in inverters for wireless power transfer, induction heating, and plasma pulsing. The load current in these applications usually varies over a range. Efficiency of a conventional Class-E design degrades dramatically due to the hard switching beyond the optimum conditions. Keeping ZVS with load change in a Class-E topology is preferred within the load range. Soft switching with load variation is realized by duty cycle modulation with additional transformer, matching network, or resistance compression network. Since two ZVS requirements need to be satisfied in a conventional Class-E design, at least two parameters are tuned under load variation. Thus, changing switching frequency, duty cycle, and component values were used. Impressively, a load-independent Class-E inverter design was presented in 1990 for maintaining ZVS and output voltage under a given load change without tuning any parameters, and it was validated with experimental results recently. The operating principle of this special design (inconsistent with the conventional design) is not elucidated in the published literatures. Load-independency illucidation by a Thevenin Model – A Thevenin model is then established (although Class-E is a nonliear circuit) to explain the load-independency with fixed switching frequency and duty cycle. The input block of a Class-E inverter (Vin, Lin, Cin, and S) behaves as a fixed voltage source vth1 and a fixed capacitive impedance Xth1 in series at switching frequency. When the output block (Lo and Co) is designed to compensate Xth1, the output current phase is always equal to the phase of vth1 with resistive load (satisfies the ZVS requirement of a load-independent design). Thus, soft switching is maintained within load variation. Output voltage is equal to vth1 since Xth1 is canceled, so that the output voltage is constant regardless of output resistance. Load-independency is achieved without adding any components or tuning any parameters. Sequential design and tuning of a load-independent ZVS Class-E inverter with constant voltage based on Thevenin Model - Based on the model, it's found that each circuit parameter is linked to only one of the targeted performance (ZVS, fixed voltage gain, and load range). Thus, the sequential design equations and steps are derived and presented. In each step, the desired performance (e.g. ZVS) now could be used to check and tune component values so that ZVS and fixed voltage gain in the desired load range is guaranteed in the final Class-E inverter, even when component values vary from the expectations. The Thevenin model and the load-independent design is then extended to any duty cycles. A prototype switched at 6.78 MHz with 10-V input, 11.3-V output, and 22.5-W maximum output power was fabricated and tested to validate the theory. Soft switching is maintained with 3% output voltage variation while the output power is reduced tenfold. A load-independent ZVS Class-E inverter with constant current by combining constant voltage design and a trans-susceptance network - A load-independent ZVS Class-E inverter with constant current under load variation is then presented, by combining the presented design (generating a constant voltage) and a trans-susceptance network (transferring the voltage to current). The impact of different types and the positions of the networks are discussed, and LCL network is selected so that both constant current and soft switching are maintained within the load variation. The operation principle, design, and tuning procedures are illustrated. The trade-off between input current ripple, output current amplitude, and the working load range is discussed. The expectations were validated by a design switched at 6.78 MHz with 10-V input, 1.4-A output, and 12.6-W maximum output power. Soft switching is maintained with 16% output current varying over a 10:1 output power range. A "ZVS" Class-E dc-dc converter by adding a diode rectifier bridge and compensate the induced varying capacitance at full-load condition - The load-independent Class-E design is extended to dc-dc converter by adding a diode rectifier bridge followed by the Class-E inverter. The equivalent impedance seen by the inverter consists of a varying capacitance and a varying resistance when the output changes. As illustrated before, ZVS and constant output can only be maintained with resistive load. Since the varying capacitance cannot be compensated for the whole load range, performance with using different compensation is discussed. With the selected full-load compensation, ZVS is achieved at full load condition and slight non-ZVS occurs for the other load conditions. The expectation was validated by a dc-dc converter switched at 6.78 MHz with 11 V input, 12 V output, and 22 W maximum output power. ZVS (including slight non-ZVS) is maintained with 16% output voltage variation over 20:1 output power range. Design of variable Capacitor by connecting two voltage-sensitive capacitors in series and controlling the bias voltage of them - The equivalent varying capacitance in the Class-E dc-dc converter can be compensated in the whole load range only with variable component. The sensitivity of a Class-E power conversion can also be improved by using variable capacitors. Thus, a Voltage Controlled Capacitor (VCC) is presented, based on the intrinsic property of Class II dielectric materials that permittivity changing much with electric field. Its equivalent circuit consists of two identical Class II capacitors in series. By changing the voltage of the common point of the two capacitors (named as control voltage), the two capacitance and the total capacitance are both changed. Its operation principle, measured characteristic, and the SPICE model are illustrated. The capacitance changes from 1 μF to 0.2 μF with a control voltage from 0 V to 25 V, resulting a 440% capacitance range. Since the voltage across the two capacitors (named as output voltage) also affects one of the capacitance when control voltage is applied, the capacitance range drops to only 40% with higher bias in the output voltage. Thus, a Linear Variable Capacitor (LVC) is presented. The equivalent circuit is the same as VCC, while one of the capacitance is designed much higher to mitigate the effect of output voltage. The structure, operational principle, required specifications, design procedures, and component selection were validated by a design example, with 380% maximum capacitance range and less than 20% drop in the designed capacitor voltage range. This work contributes to • Analytical analysis and Thevenin Model in load-independent Class-E power conversion • Variable capacitance with wide range / Doctor of Philosophy / The Class-E topology was presented as a single-switch power amplifier with high efficiency at the optimum condition. Efficiency of a conventional Class-E design degrades with load variation dramatically due to the hard switching beyond the optimum conditions. Since two requirements need to be satisfied for soft switching in a conventional Class-E design, at least two parameters are tuned under load variation. Impressively, a load-independent Class-E inverter design was presented for maintaining Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) and output voltage under a given load change without tuning any parameters, and it was validated with experimental results recently. A Thevenin model is established in this work to explain the realization of load-independency with fixed switching frequency and duty cycle. Based on that, a sequential design and tuning process is presented. A prototype switched at 6.78 MHz with 10-V input, 11.3-V output, and 22.5-W maximum output power was fabricated and tested to validate the theory. Soft switching is maintained with 3% output voltage variation while the output power is reduced tenfold. A load-independent ZVS Class-E inverter with constant current under load variation is then presented, by combining the presented design and a trans-susceptance network. The expectations were validated by a design switched at 6.78 MHz with 10-V input, 1.4-A output, and 12.6-W maximum output power. Soft switching is maintained with 16% output current varying over a 10:1 output power range. The load-independent Class-E design is extended to dc-dc converter by adding a diode rectifier bridge, inducing a varying capacitance. With the selected full-load compensation, ZVS is achieved at full load condition and slight non-ZVS occurs for the other load conditions. The expectation was validated by a dc-dc converter switched at 6.78 MHz with 11 V input, 12 V output, and 22 W maximum output power. ZVS (including slight non-ZVS) is maintained with 16% output voltage variation over 20:1 output power range. The varying capacitance in the Class-E dc-dc converter needs variable component to compensate. Thus, a Voltage Controlled Capacitor (VCC) is presented. The capacitance changes from 1 μF to 0.2 μF with a control voltage from 0 V to 25 V, resulting a 440% capacitance range. The capacitance range drops to only 40% with higher bias in the output voltage. Thus, a Linear Variable Capacitor (LVC) is presented, with 380% maximum capacitance range and less than 20% drop in the designed capacitor voltage range.

Landscape is dynamic. All the elements in the landscape are in a continual process of change. There is growth, expansion, weathering, disintegration, decay and renewal. Change is the very substance of things and it is through these changes that we register the passage of time. This thesis explores the concept of material duration and its application to landscape design. Duration is a complex measure of time. This thesis adapts a definition of duration developed in the field of finance to explore time in the design of an urban cemetery. The design embodies the concept of a cemetery with a "constant duration". This lasting quality of constant duration is a persistence that retains at its core the essence of the landscape while embracing the unavoidable and indispensable material changes. To design with constant duration is to analyze and chart a design as a journey through time. / Master of Landscape Architecture

The advent of spectrum sharing has increased the need for robust interference rejection methods. The Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) band is soon to be occupied by LTE waveforms and License Assisted Access (LAA) will have LTE signals coexisting with other signals in the 5 GHz band. In anticipation of this need, we present a method for interference rejection of cyclostationary signals, which can also help avoid interference through better detection of low power co-channel signals. The method proposed in this thesis consists of a frequency-shift (FRESH) filter which acts as a whitening filter, canceling the interference by exploiting its cyclostationarity. It learns the cyclostationary characteristics of the interferer blindly, through a property restoration algorithm which aims to drive the spectrum to white noise. The property restoration algorithm, inspired by the constant modulus algorithm (CMA), is applied to each frequency bin to determine the optimal coefficients for the proposed CMA FRESH whitening filter (CFW). The performance of the CFW in interference rejection is compared to a time-invariant version, and proposed use cases are analyzed. The use cases consist of the rejection of a high powered, wider bandwidth interferer which is masking the signal-of-interest (SOI). The interferer is rejected blindly, with no knowledge of its characteristics. We analyzed signal detection performance in the case that the SOI is another user with much lower power, for multiple types of SOIs ranging from BPSK to OFDM. We also deal with the case that the SOI is to be received and demodulated; we recover it and compare resulting bit error rates to state of the art FRESH filters. The results show significantly better signal detection and recovery. / Master of Science / Wireless communication is complicated by the fact that multiple radios may be attempting to transmit at the same frequency, time and location concurrently. This scenario may be a due to malicious intent by certain radios (jamming), or mere confusion due to a lack of knowledge that another radio is transmitting in the same channel. The latter scenario is more common due to congested wireless spectrum, as the number of devices increases exponentially. In either case, interference results. We present a novel interference rejection method in this work, one that is blind to the properties of the interferer and adapts to cancel it. It follows the philosophy of property restoration as extolled by the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and is a frequency shift (FRESH) filter, hence the name. The process of restoring the wireless spectrum to white noise is what makes it a whitening filter, and is also how it adapts to cancel interference. Such a filter has myriad possible uses, and we examine the use case of rejecting interference to detect or recover the signal-of-interest (SOI) that we are attempting to receive. We present performance results in both cases and compare with conventional time-invariant filters and state of the art FRESH filters.