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M. Tech. / Relative to other industries in South Africa and construction industries worldwide, the South African construction process generates a disproportionate number of fatalities, injuries and disease, the direct and indirect cost of which contribute to the cost of construction. Serious accidents and injuries resulting in personal injury and wrongful death occur with alarming frequency at construction sites in the U.K. The majority of accidents are not caused by careless workers but rather by failure to control. According to the Health and Safety Executive report published in 1988 out of the 90% of all construction accidents leading to death 70% could have been prevented by positive management actions and interventiion. Clients influence construction health and safety performance. Architects and design engineers often disavow responsibility for health and safety issues associated with the construction of their work. Arguably, this denial will only change if clients insist that construction health and safety is addressed on their projects. Health and safety begins with the attitude that accidents are preventable and that requirements for healthy and safe work practices must be followed. Health and safety should not be left solely under the control of the workers if injuries are to be curtailed or diminished, because the health and safety environment consists of many factors over which workers have little or no control. An underlying belief is that the majority of accidents are not caused by careless workers but by failure in controls. Although the best site management of health and safety cannot prevent all accidents, entities other than those actually performing the work do have an important role to play in enforcing proper safety standard measures : It is possible to prevent accidents from occurring. Success in health and safety has a great deal to do with people, especially those who will be responsible for ensuring that the project will be delivered safely. There is some evidence that the importance of health and safety is being realised by clients. Costs associated with worker injuries and fatalities are borne ultimately by the client and insisting that health and safety be included in design and construction considerations will prevent the occurrence of injuries and ultimately reduce the construction costs. Clients mostly set health and safety culture during the construction phase. Health and safety prequalification criteria to design approval post the design phase that shows that clients would prefer their involvement to be in specific phases. Clients do not realise that they can make significant contributions to improve health and safety performance during the early stages of a project. Clients who have to pay for construction work do not make specific cost provision for construction safety. Clients need to afford health and safety the same status as other project parameters. It is widely accepted that contractors should bear the responsibility for health and safety during the construction phase. The study found that clients regarded the construction and maintenance phases as the most important to address health and safety. Again clients do not realise the significance of placing health and safety importance in the initial phases of a project.

Civil infrastructure construction sites including incomplete structures and unsecured resources are among the most vulnerable environments to hurricane conditions. Hurricane driven damages cause disruption of construction sites and considerable schedule delays, and thus negatively impact the efficiency of the construction projects. This research aims to study current best practices on securing construction sites from hurricane conditions and evaluate the performance of the preparedness plan. To do that, first, an interview-survey is conducted with key project personnel from multiple construction companies. Then, the insight from the interviews serves to do a Micro and Macro Environmental Analysis. For further analysis, a Balanced Scorecard is used to suggest metrics to measure and improve the performance of the Hurricane Preparedness Plan. The findings from this research improves the organizational processes and enhances the assessment of disaster preparedness, which ultimately generates new and highly specific knowledge on disaster mitigation and preparedness guidelines for construction sites.

Denna rapport är resultatet av ett 10 veckor långt examensarbete om logistik i byggbranschen. Rapporten ska redovisa för- och nackdelar med Just In Time-logistik jämfört med lagerföring av material på byggarbetsplatsen. I arbetet ingår även att redovisa vissa extra kostnader som tillkommer i samband med respektive alternativ. Rapporten jämför de olika logistikmetoderna och utgår ifrån tre olika byggprojekt i stockholmsregionen som har helt olika förutsättningar. Målet med rapporten är att ta reda på om byggbranschen kan effektiviseras med Just In Time-logistik. Som hjälp för att nå målet har bland annat intervjuer gjorts och en enkät delats ut till de berörda på varje projekt.  Vad som kostar mest är inte helt enkelt att bestämma då vissa osäkra parametrar ingår i resultatet. Osäkerhet kring eventuella administrativa kostnader och kostnader till följd av förseningar av materialleveranser gör att resultatet inte är helt entydigt. Kostnaderna för att lagerföra material på arbetsplatsen har dock visat sig vara av betydande storlek och Just In Time-logistiken kan då vara ett alternativ att använda sig av istället. Risken för att material skadas minimeras, samt att material måste flyttas mellan olika upplagsplatser och onödiga kapitalkostnader elimineras då Just In Time-leveranser används.   Rekommendationen blir slutligen att alternativ till att lagerföra material på arbetsplatsen bör ses över, exempelvis Just In Time-logistiken som åtminstone i teorin är en värdig ersättare. / This report is the result of a thesis about logistics in the construction industry that has been going on for 10 weeks. The report shall present the advantages and disadvantages of Just In Time logistics and warehousing of materials at the construction site, as well as present some additional costs to be associated with each method. The report compares the different logistics methods and is based on three different projects with very different conditions in the region of Stockholm. The goal is to find out if the construction industry can be improved with Just In Time Logistics. To reach the goal, interviews and a questionnaire was made for all concerned at each project.  Which method that is most profitable is not easy to determine because of some unsettled parameters that the results include. Uncertainty about administrative costs and costs due to delays in material deliveries makes the result less clear. However, the costs related to warehousing of materials have proven to be significant, which could make the Just In Time method an alternative to warehousing. The Just In Time logistics minimizes the damage of stored materials, eliminates the unnecessary capital expenses and the fact that stored materials often need to be moved between storage sites.  The recommendation is ultimately to look for an alternative to warehousing of materials, such as Just In Time logistics, that at least in theory is a worthy substitute.

Subject matterś thesis is elaborate a project documentation for structural permission for a multi-functional building. Object is situated on the outskirts of town Nasavrky. The terrain is slightly sloping to northeast. Around the land was made a geological survey. The basisc are made from contrete strips. The grand plan of the house consists from one rectangle. The house is made by a brick technology of a ceramic blocks. The external walls are insulated by contact insulating system. The building is roofed with single-layer flat roof.

I projekteringsfasen utformas en arbetsplatsdispositionsplan (APD-plan), vilket fungerar som en översiktlig illustration av byggarbetsplatsen. Denna ritning visualiserar de byggnader som finns på plats och visar var bland annat upplagsytor för material, transportvägar och bodetablering kan identifieras. För närvarande är 2D-ritningar den dominerande och mest frekvent använda typen av APD-planer. Det finns ytterligare dimensioner som kan adderas på en APD-plan, i denna studie undersöks de nästkommande dimensionerna, volym (3D) samt tidsaspekten (4D). För att analysera de utmaningar, möjligheter och värdet som en APD-plan i 3D och 4D kan medföra samt hur kunskapen och tillgängligheten kan utvecklas för att kontribuera till ett ökande användande av en APD-planering i 3D och 4D. Denna studie har en kvalitativ ansats med sju djupingående intervjuer. Resultatet visar att APD-planering i 3D och 4D ger en tydlig verklighetsbild av byggarbetsplatsens utseende. Vilket möjliggör att risker och fel kan uppmärksammas i ett tidigt skede och genom en simulering kopplat till tidplanen, blir det ett effektivt diskussionsunderlag som kan användas till planering inom det aktuella projektet. För att en implementering och ett fortsatt arbete av 3D och 4D APD-planering ska lyckas, krävs det att organisationerna skapar sig rätt förutsättningar genom att lägga tid och resurser för att etablera en stark kompetens som kan forma ett arbetssätt med APD-planering i 3D och 4D. / During the design phase, a construction site layout plan (CSL-plan) is developed, serving as an overview illustration of the construction site. This plan visualizes the buildings on site and indicates where, among other things such as material storage areas, transport routes, and site offices are located. Currently, 2D drawings are the most frequently used type of CSL-plans. Additional dimensions can be incorporated into an CSL-plan; this study examines the subsequent dimensions: volume (3D) and time (4D). The aim is to analyze the challenges, opportunities, and value that a 3D and 4D APD-plan can offer, and how knowledge and accessibility can be enhanced to encourage greater use of 3D and 4D CSL-planning. This study employs a qualitative approach with seven in-depth interviews. The results suggest that 3D and 4D CSL-planning using various software tools provides a clear, realistic representation of the construction site. This allows risks and errors to be identified at an early stage. Through simulation linked to the schedule, it also becomes an effective discussion framework for project planning. For successful implementation and continued use of 3D and 4D CSL-planning, organizations must create the right conditions by investing time and resources to build strong competencies that can establish an effective workflow with 3D and 4D CSL-planning.

Esta pesquisa visa contribuir com o planejamento do arranjo físico (leiaute) de canteiro de obras através da utilização de recursos computacionais aplicados ao processo de tomada de decisões e na visualização da distribuição dos elementos necessários às atividades de construção. O planejamento do arranjo físico de canteiros, em muitos casos, é feito por profissionais que contam essencialmente com a experiência obtida ao longo de sua vida profissional, sem o auxílio de recursos de TI, amplamente utilizados em outras indústrias. Com esta pesquisa almeja-se evidenciar que o uso de recursos computacionais para monitoramento de dados referentes aos estoques e consumo de materiais e a visualização dos espaços disponíveis ao longo do tempo para os elementos de obra, conduzirá a um processo de projeto de canteiros que exija menor grau de abstração do planejador, assim como facilitará a atualização no decorrer da execução. Dessa forma, partiu-se para a concepção de uma ferramenta buscando juntar as informações necessárias ao planejamento em um único ambiente, dispondo de suporte visual para tomada de decisões conscientes a respeito do canteiro. Ao mesmo tempo, procurou-se evitar mudanças bruscas na forma de projetar do engenheiro, por acreditar-se que qualquer ferramenta que altere significativamente seu processo cognitivo habitual de resolver problemas pode ser rejeitada. As informações obtidas com o planejamento feito em software popular no país, o MS Project, são usadas para alimentar inicialmente a ferramenta. Outras inovações trazidas pela ferramenta desenvolvida são: possibilidade de divisão do período da obra em fases de acordo com as atividades desenvolvidas (preconizado em bibliografia pertinente); a integração das informações necessárias ao planejamento em um mesmo ambiente com suporte em forma de gráficos para controle de estoque/compras de materiais e apoio visual interativo para arranjo de elementos na área do canteiro. Como resultado obteve-se uma ferramenta simplificada e de uso direto, disponível na Internet, para apoio aos profissionais que fazem o planejamento de canteiros de obras, contribuindo para melhores resultados para o processo de construção e facilitando a análise das informações envolvidas nele. As inovações foram testadas junto a profissionais de planejamento, onde se analisou a viabilidade de inserção do sistema nas construtoras visitadas e o possível interesse do mercado em um produto com as características demonstradas por facilitar o desenvolvimento do projeto de canteiros, bem como sua atualização ao longo da obra. / This research aims to contribute to construction site layout planning by the use of computer resources applied to the decision-making process and to the visualization of the spatial distribution of the elements needed for the construction activities. The planning of the construction site layout is very often done by professionals who rely only on their experience gained throughout professional life, without using IT resources, which are widely used in other industries. This research aims to show that the application of computer resources for tracking data on material storage and consumption, besides the visualization of spaces available for the elements of construction, will lead to a construction site design process that requires a lower abstraction level from the planner and will facilitate the layout update during the execution. Thus, the conception of a tool that could join all the necessary information in a single environment with visual support for making decisions about the site layout was started. A special concern was to avoid abrupt changes in the way engineers design because it is believed that new tools that change their usual cognitive process for solving problems could lead these professionals to not using them. The information obtained with planning made with MS Project popular planning software used in the country - is used as initial input data for the system. This tool brought other innovations like: possibility of splitting the period of the construction in phases in accordance with the developed activities (as recommended in relevant literature), integration of the information necessary for planning in a single environment with graphics to support stock control and purchasing of materials; interactive visual support for allocating elements in the construction site area. As a result, it was obtained a simplified tool with straightforward use, available on the Internet, to support the professionals who plan the construction site, contributing to improve the results of the building process and facilitating the analysis of the information involved in it. The innovations were tested with planning professionals when was evaluated the feasibility of the adoption of the system by the visited construction companies and a possible interest of the construction market in a product with the demonstrated characteristics which facilitate the development and update of the site layout during construction.

A indústria da construção civil tem uma importância significativa para a economia do País. Em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo uma estratégia para aumentar o desempenho na construção de edificações é melhorar a produtividade e reduzir as perdas através da otimização da logística de canteiro de obras. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor diretrizes para elaboração de um plano de gerenciamento de logística de canteiro de obras, com foco em materiais, para a construção de edificações verticais. Foram utilizados como métodos a revisão bibliográfica, uma pesquisa quantitativa e uma pesquisa de campo que aborda uma grande empresa de engenharia e a análise dos aspectos logísticos de um de suas obras, a construção de um hospital, que contou com a participação do autor. Apesar do mercado enxergar valor em ações que contribuam para a logística da obra, são pouco evidentes processos ou planos efetivamente implantados, dedicados ao tema, que auxiliem no processo de tomada de decisões. Como contribuição, o trabalho reúne experiências e orientações para auxiliar o planejamento e o controle da logística de canteiro, promovendo inovação no processo de gestão. / The construction industry has a significant importance for the economy of the country. In a more and more competitive market a strategy to increase performance in the construction of buildings is to improve productivity and reduce losses by optimizing the construction site logistics. This research aims to propose guidelines for the development of a logistics management plan of the construction site, focusing on materials, for the construction of vertical buildings. The research methods comprises a literature review, a quantitative survey and a field\'s research that studies a large engineering company and the logistics of one of his projects, the construction of a hospital, which had the participation of the author. Despite the market see value in actions that contribute to the logistics work, are little evident processes or plans effectively implemented, dedicated to the topic, to assist in the decision making process. As a contribution, the research brings together experiences and guidelines to assist the planning and control of construction site logistics, promoting innovation in the management process.

Os canteiros de obras são causadores de diversos impactos ambientais relacionados ao grande consumo de recursos e à grande geração de poluição e incômodos que afetam toda sociedade. Dentre as fontes de poluição, está a emissão de material particulado na atmosfera, responsável por uma série de problemas respiratórios e cardíacos, danos à flora e à fauna, incômodos à vizinhança, danos ao solo, à água e à qualidade do ar, entre outros aspectos. Em vários países, os canteiros de obras são reconhecidos como uma das principais fontes de poluição por partículas. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as principais fontes emissoras de material particulado entre as diversas atividades de construção, as principais ferramentas de controle e prevenção de emissão e os principais métodos de monitoramento aplicáveis aos canteiros de obras de edifícios. Sua metodologia está baseada em compilação e análise de bibliografia nacional e internacional disponível.Como resultados, são identificadas as principais fontes de emissão de material particulado nas fases de demolição, movimentação de terra e serviços preliminares e serviços de construção. Mostra-se, também, que o monitoramento, associado a ações de prevenção e controle, é uma ferramenta eficaz para manutenção de níveis de emissão aceitáveis, utilizando equipamentos de custo relativamente baixo, fácil operação e implantação no canteiro de obras. Finalmente, o trabalho traz um conjunto de recomendações que podem ser utilizadas na composição de um plano de gestão para prevenção, controle e monitoramento de emissões de material particulado em canteiros de obras, a ser incorporado às práticas de gestão já em uso pela empresa construtora. O trabalho conclui que o controle de emissões nos canteiros de obras de edifícios pode ser aplicado por empresas construtoras, dentro da atual realidade brasileira. / The construction sites cause many environmental impacts related to high consumption of resources and high levels of pollutions emissions, affecting the whole society. Among these pollutions, it is the particulate matter emission in the atmosphere, responsible for heart and lung diseases, damages to animals, plants, soil, water and air quality and nuisances to neighbors. In several countries, the construction sites are recognized as one of the main sources of particle pollution. This work intends to identify the main emission sources of particulate matter among the great variety of construction activities, the main particle emissions control tools and the main monitoring methods available for building construction sites. The research is based on compilation of Brazilian and international bibliographies. As result, are identified the main sources of particulate matter emission on demolition, earthmoving and construction activities. The work presents that monitoring associated with prevention e control measures is an effective tool for maintenance of controlled emissions levels, through low cost, easy operation and easy implantation equipments. Finally, the work presents a set of recommendation to elaborate a management plan to prevent, control and monitoring particulate matters emissions in the construction sites, easily adapted to the current management practices of the contractors firms. The work concludes that the particulate matter emission control can be implanted by contractors firm within the current Brazilian reality.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-05-08T17:20:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Duarte Sinovetz_.pdf: 3453504 bytes, checksum: feabd65a853f4f0b849fffbbb5011c49 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T17:20:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Duarte Sinovetz_.pdf: 3453504 bytes, checksum: feabd65a853f4f0b849fffbbb5011c49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Nenhuma / A indústria da construção civil é uma das maiores responsáveis pelos significativos e danosos impactos ambientais, seja pelo consumo de matéria prima, seja pela contaminação do solo, pela geração de resíduos, ou ainda, pela contaminação do ar. Portanto, o tema da sustentabilidade vem sendo abordado com mais frequência no mercado imobiliário. Esse tema se demonstra na construção civil através de projetos que utilizam métodos construtivos que reduzem o impacto ambiental, como por exemplo, reutilização de água, uso de energia solar e redução de resíduos. Para o período de construção deve-se pensar em um planejamento e controle de canteiro de obras adequado, com planos ambientais e ações claras para cada situação. Em diversos países, inclusive no Brasil, a sustentabilidade tem sido aplicada unida a selos de certificação ambiental para construções, o que passa a ser um diferencial de venda, dada a alta competitividade do mercado atual. Nesse contexto e partindo de um objeto de estudo de uma empresa de grande porte, da cidade de Porto Alegre, que decidiu pela certificação de suas futuras incorporações, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar quatro canteiros de obra como estudo de caso, quanto ao atendimento dos requisitos da certificação LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) no momento de construção. A partir desse diagnóstico foi possível sugerir adequações aos canteiros futuros. E depois disso criar diretrizes para os planos ambientais, tais como: erosão e sedimentação, gestão de resíduos e qualidade do ar interior. Demonstrando, assim, que com planejamento de ações pode-se reduzir os danos e produzir impactos positivos à sustentabilidade. / The construction industry is one of the main responsible for the significant and damaging environmental impacts, either by the consumption of raw material, by the contamination of the soil, by the generation of combings, either by the contamination of the air. Therefore, the sustainability theme has been approached more frequently in the real estate market. This theme is demonstrated in the civil construction through projects that use constructive methods that reduce the environmental issues, such as reuse of water, use of solar energy and reduction of wasting. During the construction period should be think about planning and controlling of adequate construction site, with environmental plans and clear actions for each situation. In several countries, including Brazil, sustainability has been applied together with environmental certification seals for buildings, which becomes a selling differential, given the high competitiveness of the current market. In this context and with a study object of a large company, of the city of Porto Alegre, which decided for the certification of its future incorporations, the present work has the objective of analysing four construction sites as a study case, regarding the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification requirements at the time of construction. From this diagnosis it was possible to suggest adjustments to the future beds. And after that create guidelines for environmental plans, such as: erosion and sedimentation, waste management and indoor air quality. Demonstrating, therefore, that with planning actions can reduce damages and produce positive impacts to sustainability.