Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / La investigación pretende dilucidar si el principio quien contamina paga ha sido integrado en el medio jurídico chileno y la forma de dicho proceso. Lo anterior, dada la relevancia de este principio en el orden jurídico internacional como herramienta jurídica, de origen económico, para reducir o eliminar las externalidades negativas asociadas a las actividades humanas, radicando los costos asociados a estos procesos, en los titulares de las mismas y no en el medio ambiente. En primer lugar, se ha efectuado una búsqueda de doctrina pertinente, tanto nacional como extranjera, para crear el marco teórico que pueda permitir la comprensión del problema, actuando como criterios la calidad de la obra del autor, la complejidad y pertinencia de la misma, así como la fecha de publicación. De igual forma se ha procedido tanto respecto de la legislación asociable al principio quien contamina paga, como con la jurisprudencia. Realizada la investigación y contrastadas las distintas aproximaciones de la doctrina nacional y extranjera, así como el análisis a partir de la legislación y la jurisprudencia nacionales, ha sido posible profundizar en la recepción que existe principio quien contamina paga en Chile, tanto en la Ley 19.300, como en la legislación sanitaria, la Ley 20.551 y la Ley 20.920. A su vez, el análisis a partir de la jurisprudencia nacional, seleccionada para estos efectos, también permite comprender cuál ha sido el alcance que le entregan los tribunales nacionales, al principio quien contamina paga. Cabe concluir, que el principio quien contamina paga se encuentra presente en distintas instituciones de ámbito económico, de las cuales se han seleccionado un grupo de ellas, y que existe un campo de aplicación potencial muy alto asociado a éstas y otras áreas de la economía nacional.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-22T13:24:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 francisco_vagner_pereira_souza.pdf: 674862 bytes, checksum: 5251dbf5de1a09da84fe52f02a2a8224 (MD5) license_rdf: 21954 bytes, checksum: 8197f94386c8c9a9e551d5deb1b86632 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-22T13:24:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 francisco_vagner_pereira_souza.pdf: 674862 bytes, checksum: 5251dbf5de1a09da84fe52f02a2a8224 (MD5) license_rdf: 21954 bytes, checksum: 8197f94386c8c9a9e551d5deb1b86632 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-22T13:25:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 francisco_vagner_pereira_souza.pdf: 674862 bytes, checksum: 5251dbf5de1a09da84fe52f02a2a8224 (MD5) license_rdf: 21954 bytes, checksum: 8197f94386c8c9a9e551d5deb1b86632 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-22T13:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 francisco_vagner_pereira_souza.pdf: 674862 bytes, checksum: 5251dbf5de1a09da84fe52f02a2a8224 (MD5) license_rdf: 21954 bytes, checksum: 8197f94386c8c9a9e551d5deb1b86632 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, teores, ac?mulo e disponibilidade de n?quel em cinco gram?neas forrageiras. Os experimentos foram instalados em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o do Departamento de Agronomia da Faculdade de Ci?ncias Agr?rias da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brasil. Panicum maximum cv. Aruana e cv. Tanz?nia e Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s e cv. Marandu foram crescidas em solu??o nutritiva e em solo e adicionadas de 0, 20, 40, e 100 mg L-1 e 0, 20, 40 e 120 mg kg-1 de cloreto de n?quel, constituindo ensaios independentes em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados com quatro repeti??es. O per?odo experimental foi de 90 dias. Determinou-se a massa seca e os teores de Ni na parte a?rea, coleto e ra?zes das gram?neas forrageiras. Os conte?dos de Ni foram calculados com base nos teores e nas produ??es de massa seca em cada parte da planta. O teor de n?quel no solo foi determinado pelos extratores Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7,3, teor semitotal - USEPA 3051 e teor total - USEPA 3052. O crescimento das gram?neas forrageiras reduziu linearmente em solu??o nutritiva com a adi??o de n?quel, mas no solo aumentou at? a dose de 40 mg kg-1. Apesar da fitotoxidade do Ni, as plantas responderam positivamente quando o metal foi aplicado em baixas doses no solo. A suscetibilidade ao Ni foi diferenciada para os experimentos, devido ?s variadas intera??es que ocorrem no sistema solo-planta. O teor de Ni nas gram?neas forrageiras aumentou em fun??o das doses crescentes de Ni nos diferentes experimentos. Os m?todos de extra??o analisados na aferi??o do Ni no solo apresentaram boa correla??o com os teores de Ni encontrados nas plantas, sendo o DTPA mais eficiente. As gram?neas forrageiras avaliadas nestes experimentos n?o podem ser consideradas acumuladoras de Ni. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, concentrations, accumulation and availability of nickel in five forage grasses. The experiments were conducted under conditions of a greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina Minas Gerais, Brazil. Panicum maximum cv. Aruana e cv. Tanz?nia e Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s e cv. Marandu were grown in nutrient solution and in soil and added 0, 20, 40, and 100 mg L-1 and 0, 20, 40 and 120 mg kg-1 of nickel chloride, constituting separate trials in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The experimental period was 90 days. Dry weight and the concentrations of Ni in shoots, stems base and roots of forage grasses were determined. The contents of Ni were calculated based on the amounts and in the production of dry matter in each plant. The nickel concentration in the soil was determined by Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7.3, semitotal content - USEPA 3051 and total content - USEPA 3052. The growth in forage grasses in nutrient solution linearly decreased with the addition of nickel, but in the soil increased up to 40 mg kg-1. The susceptibility to Ni was different for the experiments, due to the variety of interactions that occur in the soil-plant system. The Ni concentration in forage grasses increased as a function of increasing levels of Ni in the different experiments. The extraction methods analyzed in the measurement of Ni in soil correlated well with the Ni concentration found in plants, with the most efficient DTPA. The forage grasses evaluated in these experiments cannot be considered accumulative Ni.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-07-26T14:29:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Erica Souto Abreu Lima.pdf: 2820587 bytes, checksum: d25ffc37d1a7468d5bf9a15ae5e020b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T14:29:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Erica Souto Abreu Lima.pdf: 2820587 bytes, checksum: d25ffc37d1a7468d5bf9a15ae5e020b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / LIMA, Erica Souto Abreu. Dynamic of barium in soils treated with barite. 2011. 44p. Dissertation (Master Science in Agronomy, Soil Science) Instituto de Agronomia, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. Barite is the natural mineral form of barium sulfate (BaSO4), which is used in drilling fluids for oil wells exploration. Although barium sulfate is poorly soluble, and therefore, not very bioavailable to plants and with low mobility, it is not know the magnitude of changes in its dynamics under reducing soil conditions. Thus, the main objective of the study was to evaluate if under extreme reduction conditions the solubilization and release of barium in the soil would occur, increasing risk of contamination to plants and groundwater. Two experiments were conducted in parallel, one in leaching columns and the other in pots, where rice was cultivated as a test plant. In both trials soil samples from an Udox soil were used. The installation of experiments followed a completely randomized design in factorial scheme (4 x 2) with four replications, i.e., composed of control and three levels of barium (100, 300, and 3000 mg kg-1), two moisture levels (at 70% of field capacity and saturated with the maintenance of a 5 cm layer of water), totaling 32 experimental units. The redox potential (Eh), and pH values to reach the Eh of -200 mV were monitored. After reaching these values a rainfall of 200 mm day-1 was simulated in the columns, and volumes of 200 mL were collected. The extract was divided into volumes of 200 mL, corresponding to 1/8 of the soil pore volume, and they were analyzed for levels of barium and other toxic metals. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants in the vases remained throughout the vegetative cycle up to about 4 months, when they were harvested and analyzed. The geochemical fractionation was also performed for the elements barium, manganese and iron, by the BCR method. The results showed that the addition of doses of barite in soil, and the condition of extreme reduction led to the increase of barium, iron and manganese in the highest labile fractions. Thereby promoting higher levels of barium in the leachate extract. Under these conditions, the plants showed growth and development reduction. However, the barium may not be the main cause of this reduction, which may be linked to iron toxicity and lower absorption of zinc, phosphorus and calcium. / A baritina ? a forma mineral natural de sulfato de b?rio (BaSO4), que ? amplamente utilizada nos flu?dos de po?os de prospec??o de petr?leo. Apesar do sulfato de b?rio ser pouco sol?vel, e consequentemente, pouco biodispon?vel para as plantas e de baixa mobilidade, n?o se conhece a magnitude das altera??es na sua din?mica em condi??es redutoras do solo. Diante disso, o objetivo principal do estudo foi avaliar se em condi??es de extrema redu??o ocorre o aumento da solubiliza??o e como conseq??ncia libera??o do b?rio no solo, potencializando o risco de contamina??o para as plantas e ?guas subterr?neas. Foram realizados dois experimentos em paralelo, sendo um em colunas de lixivia??o e o outro em vasos, onde foi cultivado arroz como planta teste. Em ambos os ensaios foram utilizadas amostras de terra coletadas de Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo. A instala??o dos experimentos seguiu o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (4 x 2) com 4 repeti??es, ou seja, composto por testemunha e tr?s doses de b?rio (100, 300 e 3000 mg kg-1), dois teores de umidade (70% CC e saturado com presen?a de l?mina de 5 cm), totalizando 32 unidades experimentais. Foram monitorados o potencial redox (Eh) e o pH, at? atingirem valores de Eh de -200 mV. Ap?s atingirem esses valores foi simulada uma precipita??o pluviom?trica de 200 mm dia-1 nas colunas, onde foram coletados volumes de 200 mL. O extrato foi dividido em volumes de 200 mL, que correspondem a 1/8 do volume de poro da coluna de solo, para em seguida serem analisados quanto aos teores de b?rio e outros metais considerados t?xicos. As plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) foram cultivadas nos potes por todo o ciclo vegetativo (aproximadamente 4 meses) at? serem colhidas e analisadas. Tamb?m foi realizado o fracionamento geoqu?mico para os elementos b?rio, mangan?s e ferro pelo m?todo BCR. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a adi??o das doses de baritina no solo e a condi??o de extrema redu??o, propiciaram o aumento de b?rio, ferro e mangan?s nas fra??es de maior labilidade. Promovendo, assim, maiores teores de b?rio no extrato lixiviado. Nessas condi??es, as plantas apresentaram redu??o no seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. Por?m o b?rio pode n?o ser o principal causador dessa redu??o, podendo esta estar ligada a toxicidade do ferro e a uma menor absor??o de zinco, f?sforo e c?lcio.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-28T13:47:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- Marcio Osvaldo Lima Magalhaes.pdf: 4632406 bytes, checksum: 8ccefc16f724417fcb426aaf9aac9f4a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T13:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- Marcio Osvaldo Lima Magalhaes.pdf: 4632406 bytes, checksum: 8ccefc16f724417fcb426aaf9aac9f4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Despite the known problems caused by the by-products generated from the exploration of oil, this activity will be a part of our reality for the next 50 years. The oil drilling and exploration industry creates a substantial amount of waste that, if not adequately disposed of, could cause environmental problems. One of the main contaminates found in the waste related to oil drilling is the element barium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contamination of soil containing barium, its impact on the growth of rice plants (Orysa sativa) and potential risk of contaminating groundwater. This paper was divided into four chapters. The goal of the first chapter was to evaluate the spatial variability of barium levels found in former oil well drilling waste disposal sites. For this study, soil was collected from georeferenced points, analyzed in terms of its pseudo total levels, and prepared for the geochemical fractionation of barium, classifying the material in accordance with resolution 420 of CONAMA [Brazilian National Counsel on the Environment] (2009). In the second chapter, the effect of redox potential in soil on the mobility and absorption of barium by rice, having barium sulfate P.A. as the element?s source, was assessed. The effect was evaluated by performing rice culture pot and column leaching tests. The aim of the third chapter was the characterization and traceability of heavy metals in waste generated during the recovery of oil well drilling fluids. The waste was collected during the drilling of well 7-MGP-98D-BA, where the material was separated by composite sample, based on depth and equipment. In the fourth chapter, the effects of redox potential in soil interaction and heavy metals coming from the waste generated from onshore oil well drilling were analyzed. This chapter was similar to chapter two, with the main difference being the waste generated from well 7-MGP-98D-BA, which supplied the source of barium. The waste materials selected were those that displayed the lowest levels of arsenic, cadmium, barium, lead, and sodium. The obtained results showed that waste generated from oil well drilling contains high levels of barium, and that when disposed of in soil can significantly contribute to site contamination, having used the guiding values of CONAMA (2009) as a reference. As such, the barium present in this area was in the form of low solubility, as evidenced by the geochemical fractionation of the element. It was also observed that the conditions of low values of redox potential (-200 mV) promoted an increase of barium in fractions of greater mobility, causing major losses of the element by leaching, and increased absorption by plants. Among the studied waste materials, the waste from the dehydrator and the centrifuge 1 presented high levels of sodium as its greatest limitation, which affected the development of plants. / Apesar da verifica??o de problemas ocasionados pelo uso de produtos gerados a partir da explora??o do petr?leo, essa atividade ? uma realidade nos pr?ximos 50 anos. A industria de perfura??o e explora??o de petr?leo ? uma atividade que gera muitos residuos que, caso dispostos de forma inadequada, podem ocasionar problemas ambientais. Um dos principais contaminantes relacionados aos res?duos de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo ? o elemento b?rio. A proposta desse estudo foi de avaliar a contamina??o dos solos com b?rio e seu impacto no desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz (Orysa sativa) e o risco de contamina??o do len?ol fre?tico. Para isso o trabalho foi dividido em quatro cap?tulos. O primeiro cap?tulo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos teores de b?rio em antiga ?rea de disposi??o de res?duo de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo. Nesse estudo foram coletados solos em pontos georreferenciados e analisados quanto aos teores pseudototais e feito o fracionamento geoqu?mico do b?rio, classificando o material de acordo com a resolu??o 420 do Conama (2009). No segunto cap?tulo foi avaliado o efeito do potencial redox do solo na mobilidade e absor??o de b?rio por arroz, tendo como fonte do elelmento o sulfato de b?rio P.A. Esse efeito foi avaliado atrav?s de ensaios em vasos com cultivo de arroz e em colunas de lixivia??o. O terceiro cap?tulo teve como objetivo a caracteriza??o e rastreabilidade de metais pesados em res?duos gerados na recupera??o do fluido de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo. O res?duo foi coletado durante a perfura??o do po?o 7-MGP-98D-BA, onde os materiais foram separados em amostras compostas em fun??o da profundidade e do equipamento. No quarto cap?tulo foi analisado o efeito do potencial redox na intera??o solo e metais pesados provenientes de res?duos oriundos da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo ?onshore?. Esse cap?tulo foi semelhante ao cap?tulo 2, diferindo principalmente na fonte de b?rio que foi o res?duo gerado no po?o 7-MGP-98D-BA. Os res?duos selecionados foram os que apresentaram como os mais restrit?vos com rela??o aos teores de ars?nio, c?dmio, b?rio, chumbo e s?dio. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os res?duos oriundos da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo possuem altos teores de b?rio, que quando dispostos nos solos podem contribuir significativamente para a contamina??o das ?reas, tendo como refer?ncia os valores orientadores do Conama (2009). Entretanto, o b?rio presente nessa ?rea estava sob forma de baixa solubilidade, evidenciada pelo fracionamento geoqu?mico do elemento. Tamb?m foi observado que a condi??o de baixos valores de potencial redox (-200 mV) promoveu o aumento do b?rio nas fra??es de maior mobilidade, ocasionando maiores perdas do elemento por lixivia??o e maior absor??o pelas plantas. Dentre os res?duos estudados, os res?duos do secador e da centr?fuga 1 apresentaram como maior limita??o os altos teores de s?dio, o que afetou o desenvolvimento das plantas.

Submitted by Kelson Anthony de Menezes (kelson@ucb.br) on 2016-11-23T11:53:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OhanaYonaradeAssisCostaDissertacaoparcial2015.pdf: 2702312 bytes, checksum: 31ec065175a2d2c39c8a0c2121900693 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-23T11:53:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OhanaYonaradeAssisCostaDissertacaoparcial2015.pdf: 2702312 bytes, checksum: 31ec065175a2d2c39c8a0c2121900693 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / The interest in biofuels started in the 2000s, due to a greater concern with the production of cleaner and renewable energy sources needed to decrease global dependency on fossil fuels. Brazil is the largest producer of sugar cane and the second largest producer of ethanol. Although the process is already well established, microbial contamination can be an obstacle, resulting in decreased productivity. The aim of this work was to study the microbial diversity of contaminants in six stages of ethanol production process using classical microbiology techniques and cultureindependent techniques. Triplicate samples from different stages of ethanol production were collected: sugarcane juice, mixed juice, clarified juice, evaporated juice, must and wine. Each sample was diluted and plated on four culture media: PCA, MRS and YPD CZAPEK. The colonies were counted, isolated and stored in glycerol at -80?? C. DNA extraction of samples was done, and the DNA of each one of the replicates of each sample was used for pyrosequencing of Bacteria and Archaea 16S rRNA genes, and Fungi ITS gene. The sequences generated were subjected to bioinformatics analysis using a specific database to the genes. It were isolated and stored in 64 bacteria, 30 yeasts, 20 filamentous fungi, which were identified by Sanger sequencing. The pyrosequecing showed 322 genera for the domain Bacteria, 21 genera for the domain Archaea and 184 genera for the domain Fungi. Among the predominant genera of bacteria in samples of sugarcane juice, mixed juice, clarified juice, evaporated juice and must are Leuconostoc, unclassified Enterobacteriales and unclassified Actinomycetales, while in the wine sample, the predominant genus was Lactobacillus, one of the major contaminants of ethanol production. For the domain Fungi, only sequenced in the sugarcane juice and mixed juice, the predominant groups were Lachancea, unclassified Hypocreales and unclassified Sordariomycetes. For the domain Archaea, also sequenced only in the sugarcane juice and mixed juice, the predominant group was unclassified Soil Crenarchaeotic group. Rarefaction curves showed that the samples of sugarcane juice, mixed juice and clarified juice did not have diversity at the genus level covered, and for sugarcane juice and mixed juice samples, the diversity was not covered in any of the domains, showing that further studies involving the diversity of these samples are needed. / O interesse na produ????o de biocombust??veis se iniciou na d??cada de 2000, devido a uma maior preocupa????o com a produ????o de fontes de energia mais limpas e renov??veis, necess??rias para diminui????o da presente depend??ncia mundial dos combust??veis f??sseis. O Brasil ?? o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-a????car e o segundo produtor mundial de etanol. Embora o processo de produ????o do etanol esteja bem estabelecido, a contamina????o microbiana pode ser um obst??culo, gerando diminui????o da produtividade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a diversidade microbiana de contaminantes em seis etapas do processo de produ????o de etanol utilizando t??cnicas de dependentes e independentes de cultivo. Amostras triplicadas de diferentes est??gios da produ????o de etanol foram coletadas: caldo da cana crua, caldo misto, caldo clarificado, caldo evaporado, mosto e vinho. Cada amostra foi dilu??da e semeada em quatro meios de cultura: PCA, MRS, CZAPEK e YPD. As col??nias foram contadas, isoladas e armazenadas em glicerol a -80??C. Foi feita a extra????o de DNA das amostras, e o DNA das replicatas de cada amostra foi utilizado para o pirosequenciamento dos genes do RNAr 16S dos dom??nios Bacteria e Archaea e da regi??o ITS do reino Fungi. As sequ??ncias geradas foram submetidas a an??lise bioinform??tica utilizando-se banco de dados espec??ficos para os genes em quest??o. Foram isolados, armazenados e identificados por sequenciamento de Sanger 64 bact??rias, 30 leveduras e 18 fungos filamentosos. O pirosequenciamento demonstrou a presen??a de 322 g??neros/grupos n??o classificados para o dom??nio Bacteria, 21 g??neros/grupos n??o classificados para o dom??nio Archaea e 184 para o reino Fungi, no total. Entre os g??neros de bact??rias predominantes nas amostras de caldo da cana crua, caldo misto, caldo clarificado, caldo evaporado e mosto est??o Leuconostoc, Enterobacteriales n??o classificados e Actinomycetales n??o classificados, enquanto que na amostra de vinho, o g??nero predominante ?? Lactobacillus, um dos maiores contaminantes da produ????o de etanol. Para o reino Fungi, sequenciado apenas no caldo da cana crua e no caldo misto, foram predominantes os grupos Lachancea, Hypocreales n??o classificados e Sordariomycetes n??o classificados. Para o dom??nio Archaea, tamb??m sequenciado apenas no caldo da cana crua e no caldo misto, predominaram sequ??ncias n??o classificadas do Soil Crenarchaeotic Group. As curvas de rarefa????o mostraram que as amostras de caldo da cana crua, caldo misto, caldo clarificado n??o tiveram sua diversidade coberta em n??vel de g??nero, sendo que para as amostras de caldo da cana crua e caldo misto a diversidade n??o foi coberta em nenhum dos dom??nios, de modo que s??o necess??rios mais estudos envolvendo a diversidade dessas amostras.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCPSS.pdf: 3110880 bytes, checksum: d0d14455b4c6001b051f6fc76010789b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-30 / This work is the application of geophysical methods, using the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), with the objective of survey in a subsurface plume of contamination caused by a disabled gas station. The gas station is located on the B?zios beach in southern coast of the state to Rio Grande do Norte in an Area of Environmental Protection called Bonfim-Guara?ra. The interest to develop this work was the presence of contaminants (hydrocarbons) in a well located on the desktop, previously used for the abstraction of groundwater for residents living near the site. Were raised 15 geophysical survey lines totaling 775,48 lifting and installed 4 piezometer, to confirm the contamination and prepare a pluviometric map that helped in indicating the direction of local groundwater flow, thus showing the direction of movement of the probably plume of contamination. From the processing of the GPR lines was possible to identify two likely phases of contamination according to the classification proposed by Azambuja et al 2000, which are called phase absorbed and dissolved phase / A presente disserta??o corresponde a aplica??o da metodologia geof?sica, utilizando para isto o Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), com o objetivo de obter um imageamento em subsuperficie de uma pluma de contamina??o ocasionada por um posto de revenda de combust?vel que se encontra desativado. Este posto esta localizado na praia de B?zios litoral sul do estado do Rio Grande do Norte dentro de uma ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental denominada de Bonfim-Guara?ra. Esse estudo foi realizado a partir da descoberta da contamina??o por hidrocarboneto obtido atrav?s de sondagem realizada para capta??o de ?gua subterr?nea por moradores que residem pr?ximo ao local. Foram levantadas 15 linhas de sondagem geof?sica totalizando 775,48 metros de levantamento e instalados 4 piez?metros, para confirma??o da contamina??o e elabora??o de um mapa potencim?trico que auxiliou na indica??o do sentido do fluxo subterr?neo local, mostrando assim o sentido de movimenta??o da pluma de contamina??o. A partir do processamento das linhas de GPR foi poss?vel identificar duas prov?veis fases de contamina??o de acordo com a classifica??o proposta por Azambuja et al 2000, as quais s?o denominadas de fase absorvida e fase dissolvida

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-04T20:21:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanaHozanaBezerril_TESE.pdf: 1462425 bytes, checksum: cac67c7bf1570bf9fe04615be96e17d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-09T23:46:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanaHozanaBezerril_TESE.pdf: 1462425 bytes, checksum: cac67c7bf1570bf9fe04615be96e17d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T23:46:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanaHozanaBezerril_TESE.pdf: 1462425 bytes, checksum: cac67c7bf1570bf9fe04615be96e17d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-25 / Dentre as atividades econ?micas potencialmente poluidoras que comprometem a qualidade do solo e da ?gua subterr?nea est?o os postos revendedores de combust?veis. O vazamento de combust?veis derivados do petr?leo a partir de tanques subterr?neos ou atividades realizadas indevidamente com estes poluentes podem contaminar extensas ?reas, causando s?rios problemas ambientais e toxicol?gicos. O n?mero de postos de combust?veis cresceu desordenadamente, sem nenhum tipo de controle, com isso os impactos ambientais gerados por esses empreendimentos cresceram ocasionando a polui??o do solo e da ?gua subterr?nea. V?rias t?cnicas utilizando tensoativos t?m sido propostas para remedia??o deste tipo de contamina??o. Este estudo apresenta como inova??o a aplica??o de diferentes sistemas contendo tensoativos na fase vapor e compara suas efici?ncias de remo??o de diesel de um solo contendo esse contaminante. Para isso, foi utilizado um sistema que cont?m sete po?os injetores das seguintes solu??es vaporizadas : ?gua, solu??es de tensoativo, microemuls?o e nanoemuls?o, Os tensoativos utilizados foram o ?leo de Coco Saponificado (OCS), em solu??o aquosa e um ?lcool etoxilado UNTL-90: em solu??o aquosa, e em sistemas de microemuls?o e nanoemuls?o. Dentre os sistemas investigados, a nanoemuls?o foi a que apresentou maior efici?ncia de remo??o com 88% do diesel, sendo a mais vi?vel ecol?gica e tecnicamente por ser um sistema com menor teor de mat?ria ativa. / Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of soil and groundwater stations are fuel dealers. Leakage of oil derived fuels in underground tanks or activities improperly with these pollutants can contaminate large areas, causing serious environmental and toxicological problems. The number of gas stations grew haphazardly, without any kind of control, thus the environmental impacts generated by these enterprises grew causing pollution of soil and groundwater. Surfactants using various techniques have been proposed to remedy this kind of contamination. This study presents innovation as the application of different systems containing surfactant in the vapor phase and compares their diesel removal efficiencies of soil containing this contaminant. For this, a system that contains seven injection wells the following vaporized solutions: water, surfactant solution, microemulsion and nanoemulsion, The surfactants used were saponified coconut oil (OCS), in aqueous solution and an ethoxylated alcohol UNTL-90: aqueous solution , and nanoemulsion and microemulsion systems. Among the systems investigated, the nanoemulsion showed the highest efficiency, achieving 88% removal of residual phase diesel, the most ecologically and technically feasible by a system with lower content of active matter

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T21:22:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlanaRayzaVidalJeronimoDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 2928827 bytes, checksum: d27ed974dc569fc8d3e33d0de625afc7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-13T00:33:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlanaRayzaVidalJeronimoDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 2928827 bytes, checksum: d27ed974dc569fc8d3e33d0de625afc7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-13T00:33:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlanaRayzaVidalJeronimoDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 2928827 bytes, checksum: d27ed974dc569fc8d3e33d0de625afc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A minera??o promove altera??es significativas na paisagem e na qualidade do solo, al?m de ser considerada uma das principais fontes antr?picas de metais pesados no ambiente. A aus?ncia de medidas de prote??o sanit?ria e ambiental no controle dos impactos gerados contribui para o aumento do risco de degrada??o n?o apenas na ?rea de lavra, mas em toda a extens?o da ?rea de influ?ncia da minera??o. Neste contexto, diagn?sticos de qualidade do solo e dos res?duos da minera??o s?o imprescind?veis para orientar medidas que promovam a redu??o dos impactos e a recupera??o das ?reas degradadas. No munic?pio de Currais Novos, localizado na regi?o semi?rida do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, algumas mineradoras realizam a explora??o da scheelita desde a d?cada de 1940. A mina Olho d??gua foi desativada em 1976 e a mina Barra Verde est? em atividade. Nessas minas, as atividades de lavra e de beneficiamento da scheelita geraram pilhas de est?ril e rejeito que est?o depositadas no solo sem qualquer medida de prote??o. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar atributos f?sicos e qu?micos do solo e os teores de metais pesados nas minas Barra Verde e Olho d??gua a fim de identificar est?gios de degrada??o nas ?reas mineradas e estabelecer indicadores de qualidade que facilitem a recupera??o e monitoramento ambiental na regi?o. Os resultados demonstraram que a aus?ncia de medidas de controle e de recupera??o nas minas contribui para a intensifica??o dos processos erosivos, o que amplia o potencial de difus?o de contaminantes para os demais componentes da bacia hidrogr?fica. As ?reas de deposi??o de est?ril e rejeito na mina ativa apresentaram n?vel de degrada??o do solo mais acentuado dentre as ?reas mineradas. Na mina desativada, o crescimento espont?neo da vegeta??o tem favorecido a pedog?nese dos substratos remanescentes da minera??o e a recupera??o da qualidade do solo, indicando que a t?cnica de revegeta??o ? adequada para estabiliza??o e recupera??o das fun??es ecossist?micas das ?reas mineradas. Os teores de Cd, Cu e Pb acima dos valores de investiga??o estabelecidos pela legisla??o brasileira apontam para a necessidade de medidas de remedia??o nas ?reas mineradas. A sensibilidade na distin??o entre a ?rea natural e minerada dos atributos f?sforo dispon?vel, pH, acidez potencial, argila, nitrog?nio total, mat?ria org?nica, densidade do solo, porosidade total e densidade de part?culas e os metais Cd, Cu e Pb faz com que sejam considerados bons indicadores de qualidade do solo a serem utilizados em programas de recupera??o e monitoramento ambiental das ?reas mineradas. / Mining promotes significant changes in the landscape and soil quality, and is considered one of the major anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in the environment. The absence of measures of health and environmental protection in controlling the impacts generated contributes to the increased risk of degradation not only in the mined area, but in the full extent of the area affected by mining. In this context, soil quality and mining waste diagnostics are essential to guide measures that promote the reduction of impacts and the recovery of degraded areas. In the municipality of Currais Novos, located in the semi-arid region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, some mining companies exploit the scheelite ore since 1940s. Olho d??gua mine was shut down in 1976 and Barra Verde mine is in operation. These mines, the mining and beneficiation activities of scheelite generated piles of tailings and overburden that are deposited in the soil without any protective measure. This study aimed to evaluate physical and chemical properties of soil and heavy metal content in Barra Verde and Olho d??gua mines to identify stages of degradation in mined areas and establish quality indicators for facilitate recovery and environmental monitoring in the region.The results showed that the absence of control and recovery measures in the mines contributes to the intensification of erosion, which increases the potential spread of contaminants to the other componentes of the watershed. The overburden deposition and tailings areas in the active mine showed stronger level of land degradation among the mined areas. In the disabled mine, the spontaneous growth of vegetation has favored the pedogenesis of the remaining substrates mining and recovery of soil quality, indicating that the revegetation technique is suitable for stabilization and recovery of ecosystem functions of mined areas. Cd, Cu and Pb beyond values of investigation established by Brazilian law indicate to need for remediation measures in mined areas. The sensitivity in distinguishing between the natural and mined area of available phosphorus, pH, potential acidity, clay, total nitrogen, organic matter, bulk density, total porosity, particle density Cd, Cu and Pb makes them good soil quality indicators to be used in recovery and environmental monitoring programs of mined areas.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-12T14:42:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GiovanaDeOliveiraAlves_DISSERT.pdf: 3717149 bytes, checksum: ffb002aaf34255de82a4ccdde1fa691f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-18T14:48:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GiovanaDeOliveiraAlves_DISSERT.pdf: 3717149 bytes, checksum: ffb002aaf34255de82a4ccdde1fa691f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T14:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GiovanaDeOliveiraAlves_DISSERT.pdf: 3717149 bytes, checksum: ffb002aaf34255de82a4ccdde1fa691f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A desativa??o de lix?es sem medidas de engenharia sanit?ria e ambiental amplia o potencial de degrada??o da ?rea podendo gerar outros passivos ambientais. Esses lix?es devem ser encaminhados a programas de recupera??o, baseados em diagn?sticos do solo que identifiquem os processos de degrada??o ambiental para auxiliar a recupera??o eficaz da ?rea degradada. Diante da obrigatoriedade de recupera??o dessas ?reas estabelecida pela legisla??o brasileira, os munic?pios necessitam de estudos como este para adequa??o a legisla??o brasileira e gest?o de seus res?duos s?lidos. O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi identificar os processos de degrada??o ambiental instalados na ?rea de disposi??o irregular de res?duos s?lidos no semi?rido tropical, a fim de nortear a implanta??o de programas de recupera??o dessa ?rea pelo munic?pio. Para tanto, buscou-se: (1) avaliar os atributos f?sicos e qu?micos do solo de cobertura do lix?o desativado do munic?pio de Olho D??gua do Borges, cujo resultados ser?o apresentados no CAP?TULO I dessa disserta??o; e (2) avaliar se a disposi??o irregular de res?duos s?lidos no lix?o promove a contamina??o do solo por metais pesados e amplia o potencial de difus?o para os demais componentes da bacia hidrogr?fica, o que ser? abordado no CAP?TULO II dessa disserta??o. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm na ?rea do lix?o desativado, na ?rea de drenagem ef?mera do A?ude do Brejo e em ?rea sob mata nativa utilizada como refer?ncia de qualidade no munic?pio de Olho D??gua do Borges/RN. Foram avaliados nas tr?s ?reas os atributos: densidade do solo (Ds) e de part?culas (Dp), porosidade total (PT); granulometria, pH, condutividade el?trica (CE), mat?ria org?nica (MO), f?sforo dispon?vel (P), nitrog?nio total (N), c?tions troc?veis (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ e K+), acidez troc?vel e potencial e a partir desses o complexo sortivo do solo, teores de metais dispon?veis e totais. Com isso, a eros?o h?drica e e?lica, revolvimento do substrato de cobertura, sobrecarga de sais, de nutrientes e mat?ria org?nica, al?m da contamina??o por metais pesados s?o processos de degrada??o identificados como consequ?ncia da disposi??o irregular de res?duos s?lidos no solo. Esses processos contribuem com o aumento do potencial de difus?o dos contaminantes do lix?o para a bacia hidrogr?fica, ampliando a ?rea degradada. / Disabling dumpsites without sanitary and environmental engineering measures increases potential degradation of the area and may cause other environmental liabilities. These dumpsites should be sent to recovery programs, based on soil diagnostics to identify the environmental degradation processes to assist degraded area effective recovery. Given the obligation to recover these areas established by Brazilian law, municipalities need studies like this to adapt the Brazilian legislation and solid waste management. The general aim of this study was to identify the environmental degradation processes installed in solid waste irregular disposal area in tropical semiarid, in order to guide the implementation of recovery programs in this area by the municipality. Therefore, we sought to: (1) evaluate the physical and chemical attributes of the cover soil from the deactivated dumpsite of the municipality of Olho D??gua do Borges/RN, which results will be presented in CHAPTER I of this dissertation; and (2) assess whether the irregular disposal of solid waste in the dumpsite promotes soil contamination by heavy metals and expands the potential to spread to other parts of the watershed, which will be addressed in CHAPTER II of this dissertation. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm on the deactivated dumpsite area, in ephemeral drainage area of Brejo dam and area under native forest used as quality reference in Olho D??gua do Borges/RN. Therefore, the evaluated attributes in three areas were: bulk density (BD) and particles density (PD), total porosity (TP), particle size, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (P), total nitrogen (N), exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ e K+), exchangeable and potential acidity, and from these the sorption complex soil, available and total metals contents. Thus, the water and wind erosion, substrate cover disturbance, overload salts, available phosphorus, nitrogen, organic matter and heavy metal contamination are degradation processes identified as result of irregular disposal of solid waste in the soil. These processes contribute to increase the potential diffusion of dumpsite contaminants to the watershed, expanding the degraded area.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-04-24T14:55:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANDRE_ROCHA_SAMPAIO_PARCIAL.pdf: 1075561 bytes, checksum: af1c18eaf6b0996a5bb67b3510f7f4fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T14:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ANDRE_ROCHA_SAMPAIO_PARCIAL.pdf: 1075561 bytes, checksum: af1c18eaf6b0996a5bb67b3510f7f4fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Around 2008 there was a series of reforms in the brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure, including the one that changed the text of Article 155. The original text of the Bill provided for the use only of the acts produced in contradictory court for building the judicial conviction. However, based on arguments of authoritarian nature, the text approved enables the juditial conviction also in acts of investigation, as long as not exclusively. Despite the text continues assigning greater value to acts of proof compared to research acts - as it is possible sentencing only based on those and not on these ? it has been commonplace in forensic practice the widespread use of research actions, subtly standing to not grossly defying the norm in question. Factors that support this systemic re-accommodation, this slide between the designed, approved and implemented has ramifications far beyond the legal boundaries. The political, the social, the anthropological and the historical are just some of the fields in which it is possible to see, each in its own way, authoritarianism spread founding what is meant today by a "biopolitics of bodies". In this path, the criminal case is handled by its obverse: from a reducer instrument of political power it metamorfoses itself into certain criminal policy enforcement tool, backed only in fear of unreasonable / irrational nature. An analysis of the main institutions involved in this process, namely the judicial police and the judge, only corroborate to unveil the ingenuity or trick in keeping the current configuration of the relationship of the court judgment to the preliminary acts of investigation. Therefore, it became imperative to find ways to dam the authoritarian impulses that blend together the systemic gaps, going beyond the physical exclusion of acts of investigation in the judicial phase - taking into account the previous separation between judge of guarantees and judge of the process and the distinction between repeatable and unrepeatable acts of research - but going beyond, targeting the possibility of maximum compression of the preliminary phase, which is feasible before the provisional arrest request situation during the investigative phase. By the presented model, the statement would have at least their repeatable acts exclusively produced in contradictory court, reducing the possibilities of sentence contamination with the acts arising from the previous phase. / Em meados do ano de 2008 houve uma s?rie de reformas no C?digo de Processo Penal brasileiro, entre elas a que modificou a reda??o do seu artigo 155. A reda??o original do Projeto de Lei previa a utiliza??o apenas dos atos produzidos em contradit?rio judicial para a constru??o do convencimento judicial. No entanto, com base em argumentos de cariz autorit?rio, a reda??o aprovada permite a fundamenta??o tamb?m nos atos de investiga??o, contanto que n?o de forma exclusiva. Em que pese a reda??o continuar atribuindo maior valor aos atos de prova em compara??o aos atos de investiga??o ? visto ser poss?vel a condena??o apenas com base naqueles e n?o nestes ? tem sido corriqueiro na praxe forense a vasta utiliza??o de atos de investiga??o, sutilmente legitimados para n?o afrontarem crassamente a norma em quest?o. Os fatores que servem de suporte para essa reacomoda??o sist?mica, esse deslizar entre o projetado, o aprovado e o aplicado tem ramifica??es muito al?m das fronteiras jur?dicas. O pol?tico, o social, o antropol?gico e o hist?rico s?o apenas alguns dos campos nos quais podemos perceber, cada um a seu modo, o autoritarismo se espraiar fundando o que se entende hoje por uma ?biopol?tica dos corpos?. Nessa senda, o processo penal ? manejado pelo seu anverso: de instrumento redutor do excesso do emprego do poder pol?tico ele se metamorfoseia em verdadeiro instrumento de aplica??o de determinada pol?tica criminal, lastreada apenas no medo de cariz il?gico/irracional. Uma an?lise das principais institui??es envolvidas nesse processo, quais sejam a pol?cia judici?ria e o juiz, apenas corroboram para desvelar a ingenuidade ou o ardil em se manter a atual configura??o da rela??o da senten?a judicial com os atos preliminares de investiga??o. Assim sendo, tornou-se imprescind?vel encontrar meios de represar as puls?es autorit?rias que se imiscuem pelas brechas sist?micas, meios estes que envolvem a exclus?o f?sica dos atos de investiga??o na fase judicial ? levando em considera??o a separa??o pr?via entre juiz de garantias e juiz do processo e a distin??o entre atos de investiga??o repet?veis e irrepet?veis ? mas indo al?m, almejando a possibilidade de m?xima compress?o da fase preliminar, o que ? vi?vel diante da situa??o de requerimento de pris?o cautelar no decorrer da fase investigativa. Pelo modelo apresentado, a instru??o teria ao menos os seus atos repet?veis produzidos exclusivamente em contradit?rio judicial, reduzindo as possibilidades de contamina??o da senten?a com os atos oriundos da fase antecedente.