Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references.

The urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid (PIC), the principle end-product of vitamin B₆ metabolism found in human urine, was measured in two populations in whom altered vitamin B₆ metabolism has been reported: in women who use oral contraceptives and in mental retardates with and without Down's syndrome. In the first study 4 women who had been taking an oral contraceptive for 2 to 12 months served as experimental subjects; two women who did not use an oral contraceptive pill served as control subjects. They were placed on a constant diet that met the requirements for all essential nutrients. The study lasted for 11 days. During this period five 24-hr urine specimens were collected from each subject and were analyzed for 4-pyridoxic acid as well as for total creatinine. The urinary excretion of PIC by the subjects using an oral contraceptive was similar to that by the control group in this study and that by normal women subjects reported in the literature. The results of this study suggest that the alteration in vitamin B₆ metabolism observed in women using steroid contraceptives is not reflected by any change in urinary excretion of PIC. In general all subjects excreted more PIC during the latter part of the study than the initial stage, probably reflecting an adjustment to the higher intake of the vitamin supplied by the diet. Also, there was an inverse relationship between the urinary excretion of PIC and the body weight of the participants. In another study the excretion of PIC before and after pyridoxine (PIN) loading was studied in 12 patients with Down's syndrome and 12 mentally retarded controls without Down's syndrome. Three mongoloids and three non-mongoloids of the same sex and matched for age and weight were studied at a time for 6 days. They received a constant diet that was adequate in all essential nutrients for man. PIC was determined in urines collected on days 1, 5, and 6, 50 mg of pyridoxine being orally administered on day 5. Data show that the basal urinary excretion of PIC is similar in the mongoloid and control subjects. The total increase in PIC excretion by patients with Down's syndrome during the two days following the ingestion of the test dose of pyridoxine averaged 22.03 mg, while the excretion by the controls averaged 19.34 mg. The larger excretion of PIC by Down's syndrome patients compared with controls following pyridoxine loading was significant (P < 0.05). An explanation for this greater excretion by mongoloids is proposed. / Graduation date: 1973

Young people are vulnerable to risky behaviors that cause major health problems such as sexual behaviour resulting in early, unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).This study intends to identify and describe factors impacting on the utilisation of contraceptives and contraceptive services among youth in Northern Tshwane. A purposive sampling method was used to select participants who met the set criteria. Two focus group interviews were held with youth who visited the selected health care centres for contraceptives and those who had terminated a pregnancy. The interviews were tape recorded, field notes were made during interviews and these were transcribed verbatim. The findings revealed that a number of factors play a major role in non-utilisation of contraceptives and contraceptive services.

Graduation date: 1974

Thesis (M. A.) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / The study sought to provide deeper understanding on access to contraceptives by female teenagers. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges faced by female teenagers in accessing contraceptives at Byldrift Clinic, Malatane Village, Capricorn District of Limpopo Province. Qualitative research method was applied in the study. The study utilised case study research design. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Face to face interviews were conducted with ten (10) female teenagers. The age of participants ranges from 15 years to 19 years. Thematic Analysis was used to analyse data. The negative attitude of healthcare providers was cited as a challenge for teenagers accessing contraceptives, however other participants cited positive attitude of healthcare providers. The experience of side effects, parents and partners were cited as major challenges experienced while using contraceptives. The problem of inaccessibility remains a challenge in public health facilities; participants reported long waiting times, long distance to get to the clinic, shortage of staff, lack of confidentiality and lack of proper infrastructure. Most participants indicated that they discuss contraception with their peers, therefore peer influence remains an influential factor in accessing contraceptives. The study recommended that healthcare providers should give the effectiveness rate of the contraceptive method and ways to manage side effects, health facilities need to be more user friendly and that operating hours should be convenient to teenagers who are still schooling. This is evident that young women face challenges in accessing contraceptives. Keywords: Access, challenge, contraceptives, teenagers

Thesis (M.M.)--University of Sydney, 2007. / Title from title screen (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine to the Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine. Includes tables and questionnaires. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Nijmegen. / Summary in English and Dutch. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-108).

Thesis--University of Nijmegen. / Summary in English and Dutch. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-108).