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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Localization algorithms for passive sensor networks

Ismailova, Darya 23 January 2017 (has links)
Locating a radiating source based on range or range measurements obtained from a network of passive sensors has been a subject of research over the past two decades due to the problem’s importance in applications in wireless communications, surveillance, navigation, geosciences, and several other fields. In this thesis, we develop new solution methods for the problem of localizing a single radiating source based on range and range-difference measurements. Iterative re-weighting algorithms are developed for both range-based and range-difference-based least squares localization. Then we propose a penalty convex-concave procedure for finding an approximate solution to nonlinear least squares problems that are related to the range measurements. Finally, the sequential convex relaxation procedures are proposed to obtain the nonlinear least squares estimate of source coordinates. Localization in wireless sensor network, where the RF signals are used to derive the ranging measurements, is the primary application area of this work. However, the solution methods proposed are general and could be applied to range and range-difference measurements derived from other types of signals. / Graduate / 0544 / ismailds@uvic.ca
52

Résolution par des méthodes de point intérieur de problèmes de programmation convexe posés par l’analyse limite.

PASTOR, Franck 26 October 2007 (has links)
Résumé Nous présentons en premier lieu dans ce travail les principales notions de la théorie de l'Analyse Limite (AL) — ou théorie des charges limites — en mécanique. Puis nous proposons une méthode de point intérieur destinée à résoudre des problèmes de programmation convexe posés par la méthode statique de l'AL, en vue d'obtenir des bornes inférieures de la charge limite (ou de ruine) d'un système mécanique. Les principales caractéristiques de cette méthode de point intérieur sont exposées en détail, et particulièrement son itération type. En second lieu, nous exposons l'application de cet algorithme sur un problème concret d'analyse limite, sur une large gamme de tailles numériques, et nous comparons pour validation les résultats obtenus avec ceux déjà existants ainsi qu'avec ceux calculés à partir de versions linéarisées du problème statique. Nous analysons également les résultats obtenus pour des problèmes classiques avec matériaux de Gurson, pour lesquels la linéarisation ou la programmation conique ne s'applique pas. La deuxième partie de cet ouvrage a trait à la méthode cinématique de l'analyse limite, qui, elle, s'occupe de fournir des bornes supérieures des charges limites. En premier lieu, nous traitons de l'équivalence entre la méthode cinématique classique et la méthode cinématique mixe, en partant d'une l'approche variationnelle fournie précédemment par Radenkovic et Nguyen. Ensuite, prenant en compte les exigences particulières aux formulations numériques, nous présentons une méthode mixte originale, parfaitement cinématique, utilisant aussi bien des champs de vitesses linéaires que quadratiques, continus ou discontinus. Son modus operandi pratique est tiré de l'analyse des conditions d'optimalité de Karush, Kuhn et Tucker, fournissant par là un exemple significatif d'interaction fructueuse entre la mécanique et la programmation mathématique. La méthode est testée sur des problèmes classiques avec les critères de plasticité de von Mises/Tresca et Gurson. Ces test démontrent l'efficacité remarquable de cette méthode mixte — qui par ailleurs n'utilise que le critère de plasticité comme information sur le matériau — et sa robustesse, laquelle s'avère même supérieure à celle de codes commerciaux récents de programmation conique. Enfin, nous présentons une approche de décomposition, elle aussi originale, des problèmes de bornes supérieures en analyse limite. Cette approche est basée à la fois sur la méthode cinématique mixte et l'algorithme de point intérieur précédents, et elle est conçue pour utiliser jusqu'à des champs de vitesse quadratiques discontinus. Détaillée dans le cas de la déformation plane, cette approche apparaît très rapidement convergente, ainsi que nous le vérifions sur le problème du barreau comprimé de von Mises/Tresca dans le cas de champs de vitesse linéaires continus. Puis elle est appliquée, dans le cas de champs quadratiques discontinus, au problème classique de la stabilité du talus vertical de Tresca, avec des résultats particulièrement remarquables puisqu'ils améliorent nettement les solutions cinématiques connues jusqu'à présent dans la littérature sur le sujet. Cette caractéristique de forte convergence qualifie particulièrement cette méthode de décomposition comme algorithme de base pour une parallélisation directe— ou récursive — de l'approche par éléments finis de l'analyse limite. Abstract Firstly, the main notions of the theory of Limit analysis (LA) in Mechanics —or collapse load theory – is presented. Then is proposed an Interior Point method to solve convex programming problems raised by the static method of LA, in order to obtain lower bounds to the collapse (or limit) load of a mechanical system. We explain the main features of this Interior Point method, describing in particular its typical iteration. Secondly, we show and analyze the results of its application to a practical Limit Analysis problem, for a wide range of sizes, and we compare them for validation with existing results and with those of linearized versions of the static problem. Classical problems are also analyzed for Gurson materials to which linearization or conic programming does not apply. The second part of this work focuses on the kinematical method of Limit Analysis, aiming this time to provide upper bounds on collapse loads. In a first step, we detail the equivalence between the classical an general mixed approaches, starting from an earlier variational approach of Radenkovic and Nguyen. In a second step, keeping in mind numerical formulation requirements, an original purely kinematical mixed method—using linear or quadratic, continuous or discontinuous velocity fields as virtual variables—is proposed. Its practical modus operandi is deduced from the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions, providing an example of crossfertilization between mechanics and mathematical programming. The method is tested on classical problems for von Mises/tresca and Gurson plasticity criteria. Using only the yield criterion as material data, it appears very efficient and robust, even more reliable than recent conic commercial codes. Furthermore, both static and kinematic present approaches give rise to the first solutions of problem for homogeneous Gurson materials. Finally, an original decomposition approach of the upper bound method of limit analysis is proposed. It is based on both previous kinematical approach and interior point solver, using up to discontinuous quadratic velocity. Detailed in plane strain, this method appears very rapidly convergent, as verified in the von Mises/Tresca compressed bar problem in the linear continuous velocity case. Then the method is applied, using discontinuous quadratic velocity fields, to the classical problem of the stability of a Tresca vertical cut, with very significant results as they notably improved the kinematical solutions of the literature. Moreover its strong convergence qualifies this decomposition scheme as a suitable algorithm for a direct—or recursive—parallelization of the LA finite element approach.
53

Método Subgradiente Condicional com Sequência Ergódica / Conditional subgradient method with sequence Ergodic

SILVA, Jose Carlos Rubianes 18 February 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:02:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jose Carlos Rubianes Silva.pdf: 825326 bytes, checksum: f8797d1d8d333606ebad1d9941d5d26d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / In this dissertation we consider a primal convex optimization problem and we study variants of subgradient method applied to the dual problem obtained via a Lagrangian function. We analyze the conditional subgradient method developed by Larsson et al, which is a variant of the usual subgradient method. In this variant, the subgradients are conditioned to a constraint set, more specifically, the behavior of the objective function outside of the constraint set is not taken into account. One motivation for studying such methods is primarily its simplicity, in particular, these methods are widely used in large-scale problems. The subgradient method, when applied to a dual problem, is relatively effective to obtain a good approximation of a dual solution and the optimal value, but it is not efficient to obtain primal solutions. We study a strategy to obtain good approximations of primal solutions via conditional subgradient method, under suitable additional computational costs. This strategy consists of constructing an ergodic sequence of solutions of the Lagrangian subproblems.We show that the limit points of this ergodic sequence are primal solutions. We consider different step sizes rule, in particular, following the ideas of Nedic and Ozdaglar, using the constant step size rule, we present estimates of the ergodic sequence and primal solutions and / or the feasible set. / Nesta dissertação consideramos um problema de otimização convexo e estudamos variações do método subgradiente aplicado ao problema dual obtido via uma função Lagrangiana. Estudamos o método subgradiente condicional desenvolvido por Larsson et al, o qual é uma simples variação do método subgradiente usual . A principal diferença é que os subgradientes são condicionados a um conjunto restrição, mais especificamente, o comportamento da função fora do conjunto restrição não é levado em conta. Uma motivação para estudar tais métodos consiste principalmente na sua simplicidade, em especial, estes métodos são bastante usados em problemas de grande porte. O método subgradiente, quando aplicado a um problema dual, é relativamente eficaz para obter boas aproximações de soluções duais e do valor ótimo, no entanto, não possue a mesma eficiência para obter soluções primais. Analisamos uma estratégia para obter boas aproximações de soluções primais via método subgradiente condicional, com pouco custo computacional adicional. Esta estratégia consiste em construir uma sequência ergódica das soluções obtidas durante a resolução dos subproblemas Lagrangianos. Mostraremos que os pontos limites desta sequência ergódica são soluções primais. Consideramos diferentes regras para o tamanho do passo, em particular, seguindo as idéias de Nedic e Ozdaglar, apresentamos estimativas da sequência ergódica com o conjunto de soluções primais e/ou o conjunto viável quando usamos a regra de passos constantes.
54

REAL-TIME TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION BY SEQUENTIAL CONVEX PROGRAMMING FOR ONBOARD OPTIMAL CONTROL

Benjamin M. Tackett (5930891) 04 August 2021 (has links)
<div>Optimization of atmospheric flight control has long been performed on the ground, prior to mission flight due to large computational requirements used to solve non-linear programming problems. Onboard trajectory optimization enables the creation of new reference trajectories and updates to guidance coefficients in real time. This thesis summarizes the methods involved in solving optimal control problems in real time using convexification and Sequential Convex Programming (SCP). The following investigation provided insight in assessing the use of state of the art SCP optimization architectures and convexification of the hypersonic equations of motion[ 1 ]–[ 3 ] with different control schemes for the purposes of enabling on-board trajectory optimization capabilities.</div><div>An architecture was constructed to solve convexified optimal control problems using direct population of sparse matrices in triplet form and an embedded conic solver to enable rapid turn around of optimized trajectories. The results of this show that convexified optimal control problems can be solved quickly and efficiently which holds promise in autonomous trajectory design to better overcome unexpected environments and mission parameter changes. It was observed that angle of attack control problems can be successfully convexified and solved using SCP methods. However, the use of multiple coupled controls is not guaranteed to be successful with this method when they act in the same plane as one another. The results of this thesis demonstrate that state of the art SCP methods have the capacity to enable onboard trajectory optimization with both angle of attack control and bank angle control schemes.</div><div><br></div>
55

Optimisation de l'architecture des réseaux de distribution d'énergie électrique / Optimization of architecture of power distribution networks

Gladkikh, Egor 08 June 2015 (has links)
Pour faire face aux mutations du paysage énergétique, les réseaux de distribution d'électricité sont soumis à des exigences de fonctionnement avec des indices de fiabilité à garantir. Dans les années à venir, de grands investissements sont prévus pour la construction des réseaux électriques flexibles, cohérents et efficaces, basés sur de nouvelles architectures et des solutions techniques innovantes, adaptatifs à l'essor des énergies renouvelables. En prenant en compte ces besoins industriels sur le développement des réseaux de distribution du futur, nous proposons, dans cette thèse, une approche reposant sur la théorie des graphes et l'optimisation combinatoire pour la conception de nouvelles architectures pour les réseaux de distribution. Notre démarche consiste à étudier le problème général de recherche d'une architecture optimale qui respecte l'ensemble de contraintes topologiques (redondance) et électrotechniques (courant maximal, plan de tension) selon des critères d'optimisation bien précis : minimisation du coût d'exploitation (OPEX) et minimisation de l'investissement (CAPEX). Ainsi donc, les deux familles des problèmes combinatoires (et leurs relaxations) ont été explorées pour proposer des résolutions efficaces (exactes ou approchées) du problème de planification des réseaux de distribution en utilisant une formulation adaptée. Nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement aux graphes 2-connexes et au problème de flot arborescent avec pertes quadratiques minimales. Les résultats comparatifs de tests sur les instances de réseaux (fictifs et réels) pour les méthodes proposées ont été présentés. / To cope with the changes in the energy landscape, electrical distribution networks are submitted to operational requirements in order to guarantee reliability indices. In the coming years, big investments are planned for the construction of flexible, consistent and effective electrical networks, based on the new architectures, innovative technical solutions and in response to the development of renewable energy. Taking into account the industrial needs of the development of future distribution networks, we propose in this thesis an approach based on the graph theory and combinatorial optimization for the design of new architectures for distribution networks. Our approach is to study the general problem of finding an optimal architecture which respects a set of topological (redundancy) and electrical (maximum current, voltage plan) constraints according to precise optimization criteria: minimization of operating cost (OPEX) and minimization of investment (CAPEX). Thus, the two families of combinatorial problems (and their relaxations) were explored to propose effective resolutions (exact or approximate) of the distribution network planning problem using an adapted formulation. We are particularly interested in 2-connected graphs and the arborescent flow problem with minimum quadratic losses. The comparative results of tests on the network instances (fictional and real) for the proposed methods were presented.

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