This diploma thesis deals with the institute of Cooperating defendant. In particular, it focuses on its relation to the basic principles governing the Czech criminal proceedings, as well as selected aspects of its legal regulations. The institute of cooperating defendant has been in legal force since January 2010. Its legal regulation may be found in the legal provision 178a of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The Criminal Code contains substantive legal provisions defining the consequences related to the attainment of the cooperating defendant designation. Such consequences especially include the exceptional reduction of the length of imprisonment or even complete waiver of any sort of punishment. The institute is typically used as a tool to fight organized crime. The institute has its roots in the common law legal system from which a lot of European countries have been importing many other legal institutes, especially in the last three decades, to speed up criminal proccedings, help solve the lack of evidence and fight against organized crime which poses a threat to the society as well as the democratic state. The import of legal institutes that are otherwise typical for the common law system, however, poses many obstacles, especially because the criminal proceedings of the continental legal...

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe how professional educators make sense of their role in helping novice practitioners make meaning from authentic clinical practice. Simultaneously studying a clinical educator from teacher and graduate medical education, and subsequently setting their stories side by side, speaks to the interest both professions have in learning from the other. Both clinical educators were Board certified in their respective area of practice. In-depth phenomenological interviewing was used as the study’s methodology, and the professional formation construct served as the study’s conceptual framework. Data corroborate findings in the literature that there is a lack of consensus about what the clinical educator role entails. Participants showed alignment with the professional formation conceptual framework and demonstrated that the clinical educator role is multifaceted, complex, and made up of more than discrete functions. Their capacity to support professional formation comes from their ownership of a special mix of cognitive and behavioral processes, professional knowledge, and personal attributes. Given both professions’ interest in and ongoing efforts to improve clinical education, the study can help both continue their work toward understanding the clinical educator role and ensuring that people selected for the role are chosen through thoughtful methods and provided with clinical-educator-specific professional development throughout the professional lifespan.

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In order to investigate ways pre-service student teachers (PSTs) might learn to teach with high-level tasks and effectively incorporate student thinking into their lessons a teaching experiment was designed and carried out by the cooperating teacher/researcher (CT). The intervention was for the CT to interject into the lessons of the PSTs during moments of opportunity. By interjecting a small question or comment during the lesson the CT hoped to support the learning of both the students of mathematics in the class and the PSTs. This in-the-moment interjecting was meant to enhance and underscore the situated learning of the PSTs within the context of actual practice. Essentially the PSTs learned how to manage and improve the discourse of the classroom in the moment of the discourse. This study utilized both an ongoing analysis of the data during collection in order to inform the instruction provided by the CT and a retrospective analysis of the data in order to develop an understanding of the developmental sequence through which PSTs progressed. The results suggest the interjections provided to the PSTs served multiple roles within the domains of mathematical development for the students of mathematics and pedagogical development for the PSTs. A classification of the interjections that occurred and the stages of development through which PSTs passed will be discussed. Implications from this work include increased attention to the groundwork leading up to the student teaching experience as well as an adjustment to the role of cooperating teacher to be more that of a teacher educator.

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The purpose of this mixed-method study was to investigate digital native preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs regarding their technology experiences and skills at the beginning and at the end of their field placement semester. Digital natives, as defined by Prensky (2001), are students born after 1980 who have been raised with digital media and spend a great deal of time engaging with digital devices. Factors that could impact changes in these participants’ technology integration self-efficacy beliefs were also analyzed. This study used pre- and post-surveys, face-to-face interviews with a portion of the respondents, and a document review of course materials and lesson plans. Twenty-one preservice students, enrolled in the second to last semester of a teacher preparation program, at a small mid Atlantic university during the fall, 2011 semester participated. The quantitative portion involved the online administration of the Technology Integration Survey at the beginning and at the conclusion of the field placement experience. For the qualitative portion, nine participants were purposefully selected for interviews in an effort to more fully understand participants’ experiences and how these experiences impacted their self-efficacy beliefs about technology integration during the semester. In order to triangulate the data, results of the quantitative phase of the study were then compared with the results from the qualitative phase of the study. The findings of this mixed-method study suggested that digital native preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs to integrate technology into their teaching improved slightly over the course of the semester. In addition, a strong relationship was found between participants’ Post-Test Technology Skills scores and Post-Test Self-Efficacy scores, indicating that an increase in technology skills corresponded with an increase in self-efficacy (r = .684, p = 0.001). Qualitative results pointed to mentor support, time, and access to technology during their field placement experiences as factors for integrating technology into their instruction. Additionally, results indicated that participants had access to and spent a considerable amount of time on computers every day. They were proficient with basic technologies but reported lower proficiency with more difficult technologies. Yet, results also suggested that, while this group of digital native preservice teachers has grown up in the digital age, their practice and, more importantly, their fundamental understanding of integrating technology into their instructional practices was limited.

<p><strong>Bakgrund: </strong>Kunderna inom armaturbranschen är idag mer involverade och konkurrensen för företagen är mer intensiv. Till följd av nya samarbetsformer har dessutom de enskilda leverantörerna förlorat möjligheten till direkt kontakt med slutkunden eftersom återförsäljare anlitas istället. Jobbet att kommunicera är därför mer krävande och svårhanterligt samtidigt som förutsättningen för leverantörens långsiktiga överlevnad är att de kan nå fram med sitt budskap.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Problemformulering: </strong>Vilka värdeskapande samarbetsformer är viktiga för långsiktig överlevnad för armaturleverantörer?<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Syfte: </strong>Att mäta huruvida olika tillvägagångssätt av samarbetsformer och marknadsföringsstrategier påverkar armaturleverantörernas långsiktiga överlevnad. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Metod: </strong>Undersökningen genomförs deduktivt där empirisk data samlas in med hjälp av metodtriangulering där både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder används. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Teoretisk referensram: </strong>Utifrån teoriområden har författarna tagit fram faktorerna kommunikation, samverkan och mervärde och valt att studera variablerna enkel- och dubbelriktad kommunikation, värdekedja och värdestjärna samt hög- och låginvolverade kunder.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Slutsatser</strong><strong>: </strong>För att kunna skapa mervärde och långsiktig överlevnad krävs att leverantörerna och slutkunderna möts på samma plan. Idag finns det ingen värdeskapande relation mellan leverantör och återförsäljare och därför kan inte mervärden uppfattas av slutkund. <strong></strong></p> / <p><strong>Background: </strong>The customers in the armature business is today more involved and the competition between companies is more intense. As a consequence of new cooperating forms suppliers has lost the direct contact with the customers, therefore it is more difficult for suppliers to communicate.  <strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Problem formulation: </strong>Which value-making cooperation form is important for long-term survival in the armature business?<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the thesis is to examine whether different procedures of cooperating and marketing strategies effect armature suppliers long-term survival in the armature business.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The thesis is implemented with a deductive method where as empirical data have assembled<strong> </strong>with a triangulating approach.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Theoretical frame of reference: </strong>On the basis of the theories the authors have chosen the factors communication, cooperation and added value. Studies have been made from the variables one way- and either way communication, value chain and value star and high- and low-involved customers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> To be able to create added value and long-term survival, suppliers and customers have to be on the same level. Today, there is no value-making between suppliers and resellers, therefore the customers can't take in any added value.<strong> </strong></p>

Bakgrund: Kunderna inom armaturbranschen är idag mer involverade och konkurrensen för företagen är mer intensiv. Till följd av nya samarbetsformer har dessutom de enskilda leverantörerna förlorat möjligheten till direkt kontakt med slutkunden eftersom återförsäljare anlitas istället. Jobbet att kommunicera är därför mer krävande och svårhanterligt samtidigt som förutsättningen för leverantörens långsiktiga överlevnad är att de kan nå fram med sitt budskap. Problemformulering: Vilka värdeskapande samarbetsformer är viktiga för långsiktig överlevnad för armaturleverantörer? Syfte: Att mäta huruvida olika tillvägagångssätt av samarbetsformer och marknadsföringsstrategier påverkar armaturleverantörernas långsiktiga överlevnad. Metod: Undersökningen genomförs deduktivt där empirisk data samlas in med hjälp av metodtriangulering där både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder används. Teoretisk referensram: Utifrån teoriområden har författarna tagit fram faktorerna kommunikation, samverkan och mervärde och valt att studera variablerna enkel- och dubbelriktad kommunikation, värdekedja och värdestjärna samt hög- och låginvolverade kunder. Slutsatser: För att kunna skapa mervärde och långsiktig överlevnad krävs att leverantörerna och slutkunderna möts på samma plan. Idag finns det ingen värdeskapande relation mellan leverantör och återförsäljare och därför kan inte mervärden uppfattas av slutkund. / Background: The customers in the armature business is today more involved and the competition between companies is more intense. As a consequence of new cooperating forms suppliers has lost the direct contact with the customers, therefore it is more difficult for suppliers to communicate.   Problem formulation: Which value-making cooperation form is important for long-term survival in the armature business? Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to examine whether different procedures of cooperating and marketing strategies effect armature suppliers long-term survival in the armature business. Method: The thesis is implemented with a deductive method where as empirical data have assembled with a triangulating approach. Theoretical frame of reference: On the basis of the theories the authors have chosen the factors communication, cooperation and added value. Studies have been made from the variables one way- and either way communication, value chain and value star and high- and low-involved customers. Conclusions: To be able to create added value and long-term survival, suppliers and customers have to be on the same level. Today, there is no value-making between suppliers and resellers, therefore the customers can't take in any added value.

Today, with widespread use of Internet in many areas, the common procedures frequently encountered in business life such as contracting and negotiation need to be automated. The distributed structure of the Internet and the difficulty of resources dispersed on one center makes such a system to have a distributed architecture . In this study, for first time, automatization of a contracting form through business processes was proposed and was carried out. A peer to peer process contracting overlay what we call Peer-Con is developed. The system is an extension of Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) and uses IEEE Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) Agent Communication Language (ACL) standard. Cost aware flexible representation of process capabilities / description of an operator to decide on whether given capabilities turnout to an agreement or not and self organization of peer connectivity for better contracting performance are distinguishing features of the system. The system can easily be adapted to different domains while the core functionality remains the same. Practical use of Peer-Con is shown by two applications from different domains / Driving Route Calculation on Web Maps and Digital Signal Processing Module (DSPM) product planning domain.