Le début du XXIe siècle est marqué par une transformation constante qui façonne le monde à travers les dynamiques générées par la globalisation. Celles-ci ont progressivement transformé la configuration économique, politique, sociale et culturelle des villes à l’échelle mondiale et dans quasiment toutes les activités humaines et disciplines comme l’urbanisme. Ainsi les villes cherchent à garder ou à trouver un positionnement stratégique sur la scène internationale, souvent à partir d’une planification stratégique. Au sein des nouvelles démarches « stratégiques » est né le projet urbain dit « déterritorialisé », sous la forme d’une formule transposable. La thèse s’intéresse à la déterritorialisation du projet culturel et en particulier à celle des musées Guggenheim.Les projets « déterritorialisés » sont définis par des grands développeurs internationaux qui les transposent dans différentes villes, de manière à ce qu’elles puissent en tirer le maximum de bénéfices et vice-versa. Les effets attendus sont généralement d’ordre économique et d’image, ce qui séduit les responsables des villes, en quête de tels projets. Quelle est la nature de tel projet ? Quelles sont les conditions de leur déterritorialisation et de leur importation ?Sous une logique de reproductibilité universalisée le projet urbain est conçu selon un modèle de production en réseau. La mise en réseau de ce modèle nécessite l’échange des savoir-faire et des expertises conjuguées en transformant l’échelle d’intervention du projet. Alors quelle dialectique s’établit entre le global et le local, s’agit-il d’une échelle « glocale » ? Selon quels modes opératoires se fabrique donc le projet déterritorialisé ? Comment modifie-t-il la gouvernance urbaine ?Ce phénomène soulève plusieurs enjeux sur la nouvelle façon de concevoir les projets urbains. Pour répondre à cette question, nous analyserons le réseau Guggenheim dans 3 villes différentes : New York, Bilbao et Guadalajara. / The early twenty-first century goes though a fast-changing process that shapes the world through multiply dynamics generated by globalization. This context has transformed the economic, political, social and cultural configuration of cities worldwide and in virtually all human activities and disciplines such as urban planning. Nowadays, cities are trying to keep or enhance a strategic position on the international scene, by developing a strategic urban planning. A new "strategic" concept was born called "deterritorialized" urban project, in the form of a transposable formula worldwide. This thesis focuses on the deterritorialization of cultural projects and in particular those from the Guggenheim Foundation.The "deterritorialized" projects are defined by major international developers transposing them into different cities as strategies that produce benefits to the cities, and vice versa. This allows developers to increase their cross-border activities by exploiting the potential of the international market. What is the nature of such a project? What are the conditions required for their import?Globalization has led to a universalized reproduction of urban projects which are based on a model of networked production. The networking of this model requires the exchange of know-how and expertise combined in order to transfer the project to different cities. What dialectic is established between the global and the local scales? Is it a "glocal" scale? According to what procedures this project can be deterritorialized?This raises several questions on how to design new urban projects. How does it change urban governance? To answer this question, we propose to explore a symptomatic case of the Guggenheim’s network in three different cities: New York, Bilbao and Guadalajara.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 120591.pdf: 1526412 bytes, checksum: 8b7ba8f3689a5a1b33b544df1f19e167 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aims at comparing two experiences of territorial planning promoted by public policy called PRONAT, coming from the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA) seeks sustainable territorial development of rural territories delimited called Identity rural regions. To comparatively analyze the two chosen areas, we set up a model of analysis that was based on concepts of sustainable territorial development, co-production and territorial planning. Territories are described in their general characteristics and is told a little of its historical, cultural, political and social history so that it is clear their territories of identity formation was constructed. Then passing to examination the process itself, to see whether the process of planning and execution was coproduced, to achieve this we had to reconstruct the planning process in both territories, for the reconstruction of the process we consult documents, minutes, reports, and actors who have played a key role in the territorial planning were interviewed. Finally, this work paper seeks to leave exposed the advances and limits the policy has achieved in these areas in the last ten years in terms of sustainable territorial development, and some approaches to improving the achievement of results. / Esta dissertação busca analisar comparativamente duas experiências de planejamento territorial promovidas pela política pública chamada PRONAT, oriunda do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário (MDA) que visa o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável de regiões rurais delimitadas chamadas Territórios Rurais de Identidade. Para analisar comparativamente os dois territórios escolhidos, montamos um modelo de análise que se fundamentou em conceitos de desenvolvimento territorial sustentável, coprodução e planejamento territorial. São descritos os territórios em suas características gerais e é contada um pouco de sua trajetória histórica, cultural, política e social para que fique evidente a sua formação enquanto territórios de identidade construídos. Depois a análise passa ao processo em si, para averiguar se o processo de planejamento e execução foi coproduzido, para isso foi preciso reconstruir o processo de planejamento em ambos os territórios, foram consultados documentos, atas, relatórios e foram entrevistados atores que desempenharam um papel chave no planejamento territorial. Por fim, o trabalho busca deixar expostos os avanços e os limites que a política alcançou nesses territórios nos últimos dez anos, em termos de desenvolvimento territorial sustentável, e aponta alguns caminhos para a melhoria no alcance de resultados.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 121468.pdf: 2666352 bytes, checksum: f426663c85d6c3d98828ea5832b075e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper systematizes the experience of the Instituto Padre Vilson Groh (IVG) in building a governance way that empowers people and organizations that are involved with the IVG network. The paper highlights learning and innovations regarding governance of civil society organization (CSO´s) in the current Brazilian context. Governance is understood as the contemporary way of exercising power that articulates diverse views, capacities and resources. The observed innovations were: networked management involving seven CSO´s, operation from the margins of society, establishing an endowment fund to autonomy, shared decision making, working in networks and co-production to solve public problems. The research was carried out between 2012 and 2014 and involved bibliographic and documental research, 20 interviews of members and partners of the network, participant observation and a working group for research design and data analysis. One of the results is a governance map of IVG based on the approach of Community-Engagement GovernanceTM. / Este trabalho sistematiza a experiência do Instituto Padre Vilson Groh (IVG) na construção de um jeito de governança que empodere as pessoas e organizações que se relacionam com a Rede IVG, destacando aprendizagens e inovações em governança de organizações da sociedade civil (OSCs) no atual contexto brasileiro. Governança entendida como modo contemporâneo de exercício de poder que articula diversas visões, capacidades e recursos. Entre as inovações observadas: gestão em rede de sete OSCs, atuação a partir das margens, constituição de fundo patrimonial para autonomia, processos decisórios compartilhados, atuação em rede e coprodução para enfrentar problemas públicos. O trabalho foi realizado entre 2012 e 2014, envolvendo pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, entrevistas a 20 integrantes e parceiros da Rede, observação participante e grupo de trabalho para delineamento da pesquisa e análise dos dados. Um dos resultados é um mapa da governança do IVG, baseado na abordagem da Governança com Engajamento Comunitário (Community-Engagement GovernanceTM).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson.pdf: 938840 bytes, checksum: 40982d47641b6c1bdc9e43c94b082d34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aims to comprehend how community foundations promote coproduction of public goods. Community foundations are non-profit organisations that aim for a better quality of life in the communities they serve. They connect people and organisations to promote community development. Some of the characteristics of community foundations are (a) they have a board that reflects the diversity of the community; (b) they serve a defined territory; (c) they raise funds from a variety of sources and they are grantmakers; and (d) they seek to build endowments. Due to such characteristics, community foundations have potential to perform the role of convenors and community leaders, roles that indicate they are able to promote coproduction, an approach applied to public administration that consists of a large participation of citizens individually or organised in formal or informal groups in processes of creation, definition, implementation, control, and evaluation of public policies. In coproduction, citizens and public agents share roles and responsibilities. In order to comprehend how community foundations work to promote coproduction of public goods, a case study was undertaken with one Brazilian community foundation, Instituto Comunitário Grande Florianópolis (ICom). Two of the initiatives of ICom which involved coproduction were examined through the analysis of documents and by interviewing public agents and ICom s professionals that participated in the activities. The results of the research show that, in order to promote coproduction, community foundations (a) count on their reputation and history of work and achievements, and look for alliances that contribute to inspire trust in order to bring together other actors that improve the production of public goods; (b) use the influence of their board members; (c) have the ability to use their financial resources to produce results in the short term, building an environment of confidence among the actors involved; (d) define the focus of the initiatives and the public good/service to be produced, in partnership with local actors, and make clear the results to be achieved collectively; (e) community foundations show technical skills; and (f) they are able to conduct the mobilisation of local actors to be engaged in coproduction / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo compreender como as fundações comunitárias atuam na promoção de coprodução do bem público, a partir do estudo de caso de uma organização que atua na região da Grande Florianópolis (SC). As fundações comunitárias são organizações sem fins lucrativos que buscam melhorar a qualidade de vida em uma determinada área geográfica, articulando pessoas e organizações na promoção do desenvolvimento comunitário. Suas principais características são a) seu conselho diretor reflete a diversidade de atores locais; b) atuam em um área geográfica definida; c) mobilizam recursos de diversas fontes e fazem doações; d) buscam formar fundos patrimoniais permanentes. Dadas as suas características, apresentam o potencial de atuar como organizações articuladoras e de assumir o papel de liderança na comunidade. Por isso, as fundações comunitárias parecem estar em posição de atuar promovendo a coprodução do bem público, uma abordagem que consiste na elaboração, delimitação, implementação, controle e avaliação dos bens e serviços públicos, em que se verifica participação e engajamento dos cidadãos individualmente ou por meio de organizações em todas as etapas do processo, compartilhando papéis e responsabilidades com agentes públicos governamentais. Para compreender como as fundações comunitárias atuam na promoção de coprodução do bem público, foi feito um estudo do caso de uma das fundações comunitárias brasileiras, o Instituto Comunitário Grande Florianópolis (ICom), com o exame de sua ação em duas iniciativas nas quais verificou-se coprodução. A partir de entrevistas com agentes públicos governamentais e profissionais da fundação, além da análise de documentos, verificou-se que para a promoção de coprodução são importantes para a fundação comunitária a) sua reputação e histórico, fortalecido pela aliança com parceiros capazes de enriquecer a proposta de ação e de emprestar credibilidade para atrair novos atores à coprodução; b) a influência das lideranças que compõem sua governança; c) a possibilidade de contar com recursos financeiros para fazer doações de maneira ágil, que representam gestos concretos aos demais atores em articulação; d) definição e foco na causa, no bem ou serviço público a ser produzido, em conjunto com atores locais, e com clareza dos resultados a serem alcançados; e) competência técnica; e f) habilidade de conduzir processos de mobilização de atores locais

Do you remember the first time you used an Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)? Or a pay-at-the-pump gas station? Or an airline e-ticket kiosk? How did you know what to do? Although you never received any formal instruction in how to interact with the self-service technology, you were likely able to accomplish your task (e.g., withdrawing or depositing money) as successfully as an experienced user. However, not so long ago, to accomplish that same task, you needed the direct mediation of a service professional who had been trained how to use the required complex technology. What has changed? In short, the technology is now able to compensate for the average consumer's lack of experience with the transactional system. The technology itself bridges the performance gap, allowing a novice to accomplish the same task as an experienced professional. This shift to a self-service paradigm is completely changing the dynamics of the consumer relationship with the capitalist enterprise, resulting in what is rapidly becoming the default consumer interface of the postmodern era. The recognition that the entire performance support apparatus now revolves around the end user/consumer rather than the employee represents a tectonic shift in the workforce training industry. What emerges is a homogenized consumer culture enabled by self-service technologies--a kiosk culture. No longer is the ability to interact with complex technology confined to a privileged workforce minority who has access to expensive and time-consuming training. The growth of the kiosk culture is being driven equally by business financial pressures, consumer demand for more efficient transactions, and the improved sophistication of compensatory technology that allows a novice to perform a task with the same competence as an expert. "The Kiosk Culture" examines all aspects of self-service technology and its ascendancy. Beyond the milieu of business, the kiosk culture is also infiltrating all corners of society, including medicine, athletics, and the arts, forcing us to re-examine our definitions of knowledge, skills, performance, and even humanity. The current ubiquity of self-service technology has already impacted our society and will continue to do so as we ride the rising tide of the kiosk culture.

La société en participation ne s’analyse pas comme une société classique. Elle ne se dissout pas, elle est résolue ou résiliée, comme tout contrat de partenariat. Sa force, sa réalité, demeure dans le contrat librement choisi par les participants, tant dans son élaboration que dans l’organisation même de la société, situation intermédiaire entre un contrat classique et les sociétés institution. C’est l’application du principe d’autonomie de la volonté. Dans ce cas de figure, l’affectio societatis se rapproche le plus de la notion de jus fraternitatis, du moins lors de l’élaboration des statuts, ce que certains auteurs nomment l’affectio contractus. Finalement, en raison de son caractère éminemment contractuel, à la place de société en participation, ne faudrait-il pas plutôt l’appeler contrat de société en participation ? Il s’agit dès lors de lui reconnaître son caractère de contrat à part entière, un contrat nommé du Code civil. La jurisprudence semble aller dans ce sens. / The joint-venture company cannot be analysed like a typical firm. It cannot be dissolved; it is solved or cancelled, as is any partnership agreement. Its strength, its reality, remains in the contract freely chosen by the participants, both in its elaboration and in the very organization of the firm, which consists in an intermediate situation between a classic contract and an “institution firm”. It is the application of the principle of will autonomy. In such a case, the “affectio societatis” is as close as it gets to the notion of “jus fraternitatis”, at least during the elaboration of the statutes which some authors name the “affectio contractus”. Eventually, because of this eminently contractual character, instead of joint-venture firm, should we not call it a firm participation partnership? What’s at stake here is the acknowledgment of its full contract character, as a contract named by the Civil code. The jurisprudence seems to go in that direction.

La société en participation ne s'analyse pas comme une société classique. Elle ne se dissout pas, elle est résolue ou résiliée, comme tout contrat de partenariat. Sa force, sa réalité, demeure dans le contrat librement choisi par les participants, tant dans son élaboration que dans l'organisation même de la société, situation intermédiaire entre un contrat classique et les sociétés institution. C'est l'application du principe d'autonomie de la volonté. Dans ce cas de figure, l'affectio societatis se rapproche le plus de la notion de jus fraternitatis, du moins lors de l'élaboration des statuts, ce que certains auteurs nomment l'affectio contractus. Finalement, en raison de son caractère éminemment contractuel, à la place de société en participation, ne faudrait-il pas plutôt l'appeler contrat de société en participation ? Il s'agit dès lors de lui reconnaître son caractère de contrat à part entière, un contrat nommé du Code civil. La jurisprudence semble aller dans ce sens.

Cette thèse interroge les effets combinés des enjeux d’un urbanisme durable et d’un impératif participatif grandissant des habitants – usagers – citoyens, dans le cadre de la fabrication métropolitaine contemporaine. Depuis le début des années 2000, des expériences alternatives d’habitat émergent en France sous l’impulsion de revendications sociales portées par la société civile. Le terme générique d’« habitat participatif », définit récemment par la loi pour l’Accès au Logement et à un Urbanisme Négocié (ALUR), publiée au Journal Officiel le 26 mars 2014, rassemble ainsi d’une même voix la variété de ces initiatives à l’œuvre, contribuant à pérenniser les dynamiques de structuration et de diffusion d’un mouvement de l’habitat participatif. Faisant référence aux expressions citoyennes contestataires des années 1970-1980, avec la critique d’un urbanisme moderne et des politiques publiques, les projets actuels marquent la renaissance des questionnements autour de la place de la maîtrise d’usage – incarnée par les habitants-usagers – dans la chaîne de production des logements et, plus largement, dans les processus décisionnels d’aménagement des territoires. Porteuse de pratiques participatives innovantes, la résurgence de l’habitat participatif révèle des logiques diverses d’engagements citoyens, militants ou professionnels, et des formes négociées de fabrication de l’habitat. Dès lors, s’opposent des dynamiques « bottom-up » – illustrées par des demandes et des initiatives habitantes, et des dynamiques « top-down » – portées par des instances politico-institutionnelles en plein renouvellement de leurs modes d’action et savoir-faire. Supportée par une trame multidimensionnelle de négociations, la thèse propose alors une analyse des interactions et des formes d’hybridation de cette production collective en cours à travers trois dimensions : la dimension valorielle, pour fixer le socle des transactions sociales ; la dimension organisationnelle et relationnelle, pour observer la micropolitique des groupes-projets ; la dimension processuelle, pour saisir les temporalités du projet et les moments clés de la négociation sur l’ensemble du processus. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur deux cas d’étude dans l’agglomération bordelaise, en pleine métropolisation : le cas de la coopérative d’habitants HNord, sur l’îlot Dupaty à Bordeaux ; et celui d’un projet d’habitat participatif multi-partenarial, La Ruche, sur la commune de Bègles au sein de l’Opération d’Intérêt National (OIN) Bordeaux-Euratlantique. Encadrée par un dispositif CIFRE avec l’Etablissement Public d’Aménagement Bordeaux-Euratlantique (EPA), la recherche repose sur une approche ethnographique, basée sur de nombreuses situations d’observation participante, des entretiens d’acteurs cibles et une analyse documentaire. Les enquêtes menées à différentes échelles offrent une vision macro, méso et microsociale des processus de production et de diffusion de l’habitat participatif. Les résultats de la thèse mettent alors en évidence les modalités de partenariats entre différentes sphères d’acteurs – les habitants, les institutions et les experts – dans la production de l’habitat participatif conduisant à un changement de paradigme sociétal et professionnel à travers le renouvellement des modes d’habiter, des savoirs et savoir-faire. Ainsi, nous proposons une réflexion sur les moyens et possibilités d’intégration de cette dynamique collective et citoyenne au sein des processus décisionnels d’aménagement urbain pour la fabrication métropolitaine et, de voir en quoi ce phénomène participatif et collaboratif peut-il constituer un outil de management territorial novateur préfigurant le futur de nos cités. / This PhD thesis questions the combined effects of the challenges of sustainable urban development and a growing priority for inhabitants – users – citizens, to participate in contemporary metropolitan production. Since the early 2000s, there is in France an emergence of alternative housing experiences as a result of social demands. The generic term of « participative housing », recently defined by the bill for access to housing and urban renovation (ALUR), published in the Official Journal on March 26, 2014, gathers with one voice, the variety of these initiatives at work, contributing to ensure the dynamic structuring and dissemination of the participative housing movement. Referring to the civil protests of 1970-1980, criticizing modern urban planning and public policy, the current projects tackle once again of how to combine the inhabitants expertise with professional expertise in the production of housing, and more broadly in the decision-making processes of regional planning. Producing innovative participatory practices, the resurgence of participative housing reveals different logics of social commitments on the part of citizens, activists and professionals, and negotiated forms of housing production. As a consequence, the « bottom-up » dynamic, based on the demands and initiatives of the inhabitants, opposes the « top-down » dynamic, based on the initiative of politico-institutional bodies in full renewal of their modes of action and know-how. Supported by a multi-dimensional framework of negotiations, the thesis analyzes the interactions and forms of hybridization of this ongoing collective production through a three dimensional approach : the value related dimension, to set the base of social transactions ; the organizational and relational dimension to observe the micro-political groups-projects ; the procedural dimension to grasp the temporality of the project and the key moments of negotiation of the whole process. For this, we build on two case studies in the Bordeaux area, being subject to processes of metropolization : the case of the residents cooperative HNord in the Dupaty housing block in Bordeaux ; and the multi-partnered participative housing project, La Ruche, in the town of Bègles within the framework of the « Operation of National Interest » (OIN) Bordeaux-Euratlantique. Governed by a CIFRE program with the « Local Planning and Development authority » (EPA) Bordeaux-Euratlantique, the research is based on an ethnographic approach : participant observation, interviews with target stakeholders and a literature review. The investigations conducted at different scales offer a macro, meso and micro-social understanding of the process of participative housing production and dissemination. The results of the thesis highlight the partnership conditions between different groups of stakeholders – inhabitants, institutions and expertsn – in the production of participative housing leading to a societal and professional paradigm shift through a renewal of ways of living, knowledge and expertise. Thus, we propose a reflection on ways and possibilities how to integrate this collective and civic dynamics in the decision-making processes of urban planning for metropolitan production and to see how this participatory and collaborative phenomenon can serve as an innovative tool in territorial management for our future cities.