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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Diatoms in Photonics and Plasmonics: Characteristics and Applications

Alvarez, Christine January 2016 (has links)
We have investigated some of the many photonic and plasmonic properties of the diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii. We start by showing that when diatom frustules are converted to high-index magnesium silicide while maintaining their structure, they exhibit a broad (1μm - 2μm) photonic bandgap that varies in wavelength according to the position and angle of the incident light on the frustule. We then demonstrate the use of the micro and nanostructured silica diatom frustule as a low-cost, easily prepared substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy by coating the frustule in 25 nm of silver and a monolayer of thiophenol. Some potential applications of diatoms to water quality measurements are suggested, and steps are taken to image a diatom frustule and chloroplasts simultaneously in vivo using rhodamine 19 dye and fluorescence microscopy. We propose future experiments that could ascertain whether there is any biological effect of the light filtering properties of the diatom frustule, and put forth some suggestions as to how to influence the morphology and photonic properties of the frustule via chemical contaminants in the diatom seawater growth medium.
2

Etude biostratigraphique des assemblages de diatomées pyritisées des sédiments du Paléocène supérieur et de l'Eocène inférieur des Bassins Danois, de Dieppe-Hampshire et Belge - apports paléoenvironnementaux/Biostratigraphic study of the pyritised diatom assemblages from the Upper Paleocene and Lower Eocene sediments of the Danish, Dieppe-Hampshire and Belgian Basins

Van Eetvelde, Yoann 15 June 2005 (has links)
La distribution stratigraphique des diatomées pyritisées et leur répartition paléogéographique sont étudiées dans les sédiments du Paléocène supérieur et principalement de l’Eocène inférieur des Bassins Danois (Ølst et Hinge), de Dieppe-Hampshire (Saint-Josse et Ailly) et Belge (Knokke). Différents types de fossilisation ont été observés. D’une part, dans un stade précoce de la diagenèse, un moulage du frustule est construit par la croissance de minéraux authigéniques (pyrite et barytine). D’autre part, le frustule siliceux est remplacé épigénitiquement par de la pyrite. Ces deux processus de fossilisation, pouvant coexister, gardent les diatomées identifiables. Une méthodologie fiable et reproductible pour l’extraction de ces dernières a été mise en point. Une évolution des zones de diatomées (zonation) est mise en évidence : quatre zones (D0 à D3) d’association ou d’abondance et deux sous-zones (D3a et D3b) sont reconnues. Cette zonation est établie pour les bassins méridionaux et orientaux du Bassin de la Mer du Nord. Elle est corrélable avec les biozonations de King (1983), Fenner (1985), Mudge & Copestake (1992a) et Mitlehner (1994, 1996) valables pour la partie centrale du Bassin de la Mer du Nord. Les zones D0 à D3 autorisent les corrélations entre les unités lithostratigraphiques des différents bassins étudiés et celui de la Mer du Nord. Cela a permis, entre autres, de corréler les sédiments des faciès sparnaciens du Bassin de Dieppe-Hampshire aux formations de la Mer du Nord. Enfin, les diatomées pyritisées sont un nouvel argument pour encadrer la position de la C.I.E. (dont la base est le critère de reconnaissance de la limite Paléocène-Eocène), celle-ci étant située dans la partie inférieure de la zone D1 sous le pic d’abondance de l’espèce Coscinodiscus morsianus var. moelleri. / The stratigraphic distribution of the pyritized diatoms and their paleogeographic repartition are studied in Upper Paleocene and especially Lower Eocene from the Danish (Ølst Hinge), Dieppe-Hampshire (Saint-Josse and Ailly) and Belgian (Knokke) Basins. Different kinds of fossilisation are observed. In a first step of the diagenesis, a mould of the frustule is built thanks to the growth of authigenic minerals (pyrite and barite). The siliceous skeleton may also be completely replaced epigenetically by pyrite. These two types of fossilisation, that may coexist, keep diatoms identifiable. A reliable and reproducible methodology for the extraction of pyritized diatoms has been developed. The evolution of the diatom zones is underlined : four zones (D0 until D3) of association or abundance are recognized. This zonation is established for the southern and eastern basins of the North Sea Basin. It is interrelated with the biozonations of King (1983), Fenner (1985), Mudge & Copestake (1992a) and Mitlehner (1994, 1996) valid for the central part of the North Sea Basin. The zones D0-D3 allow correlations between the lithostratigraphic units of the various studied basins and the one of the North Sea. This enables among others to correlate the sediments of the sparnacien facies of the Dieppe-Hampshire with the formations of the North Sea. At last, the pyritized diatoms represent a new argument to locate the C.I.E. which base is the criterion for the identification of the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. The C.I.E. is located in the lower part of the D1 zone under the abundance peak of the Coscinodiscus morsianus var. moelleri species.

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