ヘム酸化酵素反応をモデルにしたポルフィリンの共役酸化反応のメカニズムや置換基効果について検討し、リニアテトラピロールやオキサポルフィリンなどのテトラピロール誘導体の新しい合成方法を確立した。テトラピロール誘導体の反応性や物性に関しても検討し、オキサポルフィリン亜鉛錯体が蛍光を示すことや、フェノキシ基をもつリニアテトラピロールが金属イオンと反応することでオキサポルフィリンに変換される反応などを見出した。 / Coupled oxidation of [tetraarylporphyrinato]iron(III) chloride was studied with particular attention on the mechanism, substituent effects, and reactivity of the resulting linear tetrapyrroles. Meso-substituted bilindione was converted into oxaporphyrin zinc complex by refluxing it with zinc acetate and acetic anhydride. Oxaporphyrin zinc complexes showed characteristic fluorescence emission at 657 nm. Oxaporphyrin zinc complexes were reacted with various nucleophiles such as alcohol, amine, thiol and enolate to give linear tetrapyrroles. Moreover, linear tetrapyrroles having a phenoxy group were spontaneously converted to oxaporphyrin metal complexes upon addition of metal acetates. / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24525号 / 医博第4967号 / 新制||医||1065(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 渡邊 直樹, 教授 中川 一路, 教授 秋山 芳展 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Background. Head-tracking enables the use of head movements as a form of input for video games. Some games allow the player to use their head to orient the in-game camera. However, the movement of the in-game camera is seldom proportional to the movement of the player. Head-Coupled Perspective is achieved by tracking the player’s head and displacing the in-game camera similarly. There is a lack of data gathered on how a Head-Coupled Perspective affects user experience in video games. Objectives. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how Head-Coupled Perspective affects user experience by implementing it into a first-person shooter game. Methods. Head-Coupled Perspective was implemented into Receiver 2 (WolfireGames LLC). An experiment was conducted where 28 participants were divided into two groups. The groups were divided by the order in which they play the standard version and the Head-Coupled Perspective version of the game. Their impressions were measured using a questionnaire adapted from the Game Experience Questionnaire. After playing both versions, participants answered comparative questions comparing the game versions. Participants’ in-game task completion time and head velocity were recorded during the tests. Results. The results showed that both groups preferred the first version of the game they played. Overall, the Head-Coupled Perspective version of the game generated higher scores for the Flow and Negativity constructs. The results gathered through the questionnaire had low statistical significance. Conclusions. This study indicates that task engagement and negative feelings increase when playing a First-Person Shooter game with Head-Coupled Perspective. However, due to the low statistical significance of the data, more work is required on the subject before a rigorous conclusion can be drawn. On top of that, Head-Coupled Perspective had no significant effect on the difficulty of the game and the subjects' head velocity. / Bakgrund. Huvudspårning möjliggör användning av huvudrörelser som en form av inmatning för datorspel. Vissa spel låter spelaren använda huvudet för att orientera kameran i spelet. Mängden rörelse för kameran i spelet är dock sällan proportionell mot spelarens huvudrörelse. Huvudbundet perspektiv uppnås genom att spåra spelarens huvud och röra spelets kamera därefter. Studier har utförts om hur ett huvudbundet perspektiv påverkar användarupplevelsen i datorspel. Men för lite data har genererats från dessa tidigare studier för att dra en slutsats om dess påverkan på användarupplevelsen. Syfte. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka hur huvudbundet perspektiv påverkar användarupplevelsen genom att utveckla det för ett förstapersonsskjutspel. Metod. Huvudbundet perspektiv implementerades i Receiver 2 (Wolfire GamesLLC). Ett experiment genomfördes där 28 deltagare delades in i två grupper. Grupperna är uppdelade efter den ordning i vilken de spelar standardversionen och den huvudbundna perspektivversionen av spelet. Deras intryck mättes med hjälp av frågeformulär anpassat från Game Experience Questionnaire. Efter att ha spelat och svarat på enkäten för båda versionerna svarade deltagarna på frågor som jämförde spelversionerna. Tiden deltagarna tog för att fullfölja speluppgiften mättes. Samt spelarnas huvudrörelser mättes under testerna. Resultat. Resultaten visade att båda grupperna föredrog den första versionen avspelet de spelade. Totalt sett genererade den huvudbundna perspektivversionen avspelet högre poäng för Game Experience Questionnaire områdena associerade medspelengagemang och negativitet. Resultaten hade låg statistisk signifikans. Slutsatser. Den här studien indikerar att spelengagemang och negativa känslor ökar när man spelar ett förstapersonsskjutspel med huvudbundet perspektiv. På grund av den låga statistiska signifikansen hos datan krävs mer arbete inom ämnet innan en rigorös slutsats kan dras. Utöver det har huvudbundet perspektiv ingen signifikantpåverkan på spelets svårighetsgrad och deltagarnas huvudrörelse.

Disorder-induced heating (DIH) is a nonequilibrium, ultrafast relaxation process that occurs when laser-cooled atoms are photoionized to make an ultracold plasma. Its effects dominate the ion motion during the first 100 ns of the plasma evolution. Using tools of atomic physics we study DIH with ns time resolution for different plasma densities and temperatures. By changing the frequency of the laser beam we use to probe the ions, we map out the time evolution of the velocity distribution. We can compare this to a fluorescence simulation in order to more clearly determine the relationship between the fluorescence signal and the velocity distribution. In this study we observe and characterize effects due to electron screening on the ions during the equilibration process.

This thesis discusses the application of Slab Coupled Optical Fiber Sensors (SCOS) in a railgun. The specific goal of these sensors is to create an electric field profile at a specific point in the gun as the armature passes. The thesis explores the theory that powers the railgun as well as the principles of the SCOS sensors. It also elaborates on the various noise sources found throughout the detection system and concludes with a summary of the various field tests that were performed throughout this project. There are many benefits to using a railgun over traditional weapons in the field. These benefits not only include both safety and cost, but also greater overall defense capabilities. Unfortunately, the velocity skin effect (VSE) causes the current railgun designs to have limited life span through wear on the rails. In order to develop superior railguns and railgun armatures, the accurate detection of the VSE through measuring the electric field is of great interest. We used a SCOS, a small directionally precise dielectric sensor, as a small sensing area is required to be able to measure the electric fields inside of the rail gun. The actual usage of the SCOS within the railgun produced an additional set of problems that are not commonly encountered in the lab. The chief amongst these was noise from strain, RF pickup, and phase noise. This thesis also reports various methods used to reduce each of these noise sources.

Density functional theory calculations were performed to study the dissociative chemisorption of methane over Pt(111) with the idea of finding the minimum energy path for the reaction and its dependence on surface coverage. Two approaches were used to evaluate this problem; first, we used different sizes of supercells (2x2, 3x3, 4x4) in order to decrease surface coverage in the absence of pre-adsorbed H and CH3 fragments to calculate the energy barriers of dissociation. The second approach uses a 4x4 unit cell and surface coverage is simulated by adding pre-absorbed H and CH3 fragments. Results for both approaches show that in general the height of the dissociation barriers increases as the surface coverage increases, although, the first approach yields slightly lower barriers due to the fact that all repeatable images of the incident molecule are approaching the surface simultaneously. Using the reaction path formulation we were able to compute the potential energy surface for CH4 dissociation. Our results suggest that excitation of the symmetric stretch and bend modes will likely increase the probability for reaction.

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a key role in a broad range of biological processes by binding to a wide variety of signaling molecules, which have resulted in 34% of all FDA-approved drugs which target GPCRs. The human genome encodes for approximately 800 GPCR members of which about 140 non-olfactory receptors remain orphans with an unknown function and endogenous ligand. Despite prolonged efforts to deorphanize the unresolved receptors, they remain orphans until this day. By studying scientific publications, this thesis has clarified the challenges with the deorphanization of GPCRs to explain why there are still so many orphan GPCRs when they have confirmed involvement in so many human disorders.