Magister Legum - LLM / With regard to the establishment of legislative frameworks for investigating and prosecuting genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes at both national and international level, a number of pertinent issues come up concerning the Court which should have primacy to deal with a particular case. States have had a variety of options at their disposal, such as complementarity, exclusivity, subsidiarity and concurrent jurisdiction principles. As a rule, these experiences find their limits in the full criminalisation of conduct that is also punishable before the international criminal tribunals under international law, ignoring the fact that international law does not provide definite guidance with respect to a number of questions in relation to interaction between national and international jurisdiction vis-à-vis the ‘core crimes.’ In addition,a considerable increase in the content of international law and divergences in various legal systems in criminal law, both general and special, since the end of World War II, influence the effective prosecution of ‘core crimes.’ Against this background; this work is organised into five chapters. Chapter one gives a general introduction and background to the study. Chapter two will set out the present international legal framework governing the prosecution of ‘core crimes’ in national courts and a description of the relevant practice in various states. Chapter three will examine critically the jurisdiction and overlaps of the international courts and ad hoc tribunals,along with the corresponding models of international criminal justice of exclusivity, subsidiarity, complimentarity and concurrent jurisdiction. Chapter four seeks to discuss the optimal relationship based on interactions between national and international jurisdictions. It will also include the merits and limits of both jurisdictions, basing on existing precedents and legislation.Finally, Chapter five contains a summary of conclusions drawn from the whole study and winds up with a set of recommendations.

Doctor Legum - LLD / This thesis concerns the tension that exists between the principles of certainty and freedom of contract (which includes the notion of contractual discretionary powers) and how this tension impacts on the requirement that agreement must be reached on the price and rental in contracts of sale and lease, respectively. The matter at issue is whether South African law should recognise the validity of contracts of sale at a reasonable price and lease and rental respectively, and/or at a unilaterally determined price or rental as suggested in an obiter dictum of the Supreme Court of Appeal in NBS Boland Bank v One Berg River Drive and Others; Deeb and Another v ABSA Bank Ltd; Friedman v Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd 1999 (4) SA 928 (SCA) and in an obiter dictum of the then Appellate Division in Genac Properties JHB (Pty) Ltd v NBC Administrators CC 1992 (1) SA 566 (AD). Currently, the law requires that the price (in the case of sale) or the rental (in the case of lease) must be certain, in the sense that it is either ascertained or objectively ascertainable. The price is ascertainable if there is agreement between the contractants on an external standard in light of which the price may be ascertained objectively without further reference to the contractants: Westinghouse Brake & Equipment (Pty) Ltd v Bilger Engineering (Pty) Ltd 1986 (2) SA 555 (A). The obiter dicta in the One Berg River and Genac cases suggest that an agreement to a reasonable price or rental or to unilaterally determined price or rental meets this requirement. The basis for both obiter dicta can be found in the principles of freedom and sanctity of contract that form the cornerstones of the South African law of contract. The conceptual framework of public policy forms the outer limits of both freedom and sanctity of contract. The thesis considers whether a development in South African law that recognises the validity of a contract of sale or lease at a price or rental determined unilaterally by a contractant or at a reasonable price or rental, respectively, is contrary to public policy as informed by the values embodied in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 iv and whether it would promote consensus and certainty, which are foundational principles of South African law of contract. Consideration is also be given to the question whether such a development is defensible in law, and desirable as a matter of policy and practice.

This thesis is an analysis of the law of vicarious liability and its application within the legal framework of delict in South Africa. A brief overview of the historical development of this branch of law is given, with reference to the influences of Roman, Roman-Dutch and English law. That is followed by an exposition of the 'modem' interpretation of vicarious liability as applied in South African courts, highlighting apparent inconsistencies and the need for reform in what has become a persistently controversial area of law. Specific attention is paid to the so-called 'course and scope enquiry' and to the enduring difficulties associated with attributing liability to employers for the deliberate wrongful conduct of their employees. It is argued that the courts have yet to reach consensus on a general principle capable of being applied to the facts of so-called 'deviation cases', and that consequently the legal divergence on these matters gives rise to uncertainty and concern. It is submitted that the way in which the traditional test for vicarious liability is currently applied fails to give true effect to the policy considerations upon which this branch of law is founded. By way of comparison with the South African position, a detailed account of the law of vicarious liability in comparable foreign jurisdictions is given, with emphasis placed on recent developments in England and the British Commonwealth. The study then moves to an analysis of the various policy considerations behind vicarious liability, with particular attention being paid to the role of risk-related liability and the role of risk-assumption in the 'course and scope' enquiry. A comparative analysis follows, highlighting differences between the approaches of the foreign jurisdictions and that taken by the South African courts. The work concludes with a proposal that the South African courts should broaden the scope of vicarious liability and opt for a model similar to that which has recently been adopted in Canada.

Cette thèse porte sur « les contrôles des Cours régionales des comptes sur la gestion financière locale au Maroc ». L'enjeu est d'étudier la performance des différents contrôles confiés au CRC et surtout celle du contrôle de la gestion qui constitue la mission principale des juridictions financières. Les Cours régionales des comptes sont chargées d'effectuer le contrôle des comptes et le contrôle de la gestion des collectivités territoriales et de leurs groupements conformément à l'article 98 de la constitution. Toute la difficulté réside dans l'articulation entre le contrôle de régularité et le contrôle de la gestion ainsi que l'efficacité de ce dernier à réguler la gestion des finances locales au Maroc. Le dilemme s'accentue lors de la non-conformité des règles juridiques qui relatent la relation existante entre État et collectivité locales et l'objectif d'efficacité optimale dicté par les règles de bonne gestion des collectivités territoriales. [...] Toutefois, le constat est que la gestion communale se fait sans développement remarquable. Ainsi pour gérer les collectivités territoriales il revient aux conseils de mettre en place les moyens nécessaires pour optimiser leurs dépenses courantes de fonctionnement et de dégager des ressources pour l'investissement. Une réflexion poussé nous conduit à poser la question du comment combiner le contrôle vérification adaptée pour un objectif juridique et politique et le contrôle régulation adapté pour un objectif de gestion? Le contrôle des finances locales occupe une position privilégié au sein du modèle de développement économique et social du Maroc. Sur toute la chaîne du contrôle pratiqué sur les collectivités locales, le contrôle de la gestion exercé par les Cours régionales des comptes constitue un outil de pilotage et de redressement du management public local dont l'objectif est celui de comparer les résultats aux objectifs préalablement fixés afin de corriger les actions et de rapprocher les résultats aux objectifs. C'est ainsi que le contrôle de la gestion ne serait se réaliser sans une refonte approfondie de l'organisation des Cours régionales des comptes et de leur mode de fonctionnement ainsi que le développement de l'environnement interne et externe des collectivités territoriales. Tout en partant des constats, l'objectif du travail est de mener une réflexion sur la mise en place d'une nouvelle gouvernance financière locale et sur l'amélioration de la qualité et de la performance des interventions des Cours régionales des comptes en matière de contrôle de la gestion. Ainsi nous faisons allusion à l'efficacité interne et à l'efficacité externe. La première est relative à la qualité des interventions des Cours régionales des comptes quant à la deuxième elle est afférente à l'environnement externe dans lequel interviennent ces hautes institutions de contrôle. Ainsi après avoir passé en revue la pratique du contrôle de la gestion comme il est appliqué actuellement et décortiquer minutieusement les autres types de contrôle avoisinants afin de lever l'amphibologie et analyser les points forts et les limites de chacun, l'étude consiste à pencher à expliquer le comment d'un contrôle plus adapté au contexte évolutif des collectivités territoriales. / This thesis focuses on "controls of Regional Courts of account on local financial management in Morocco." The challenge is to study the performance of different control exerced by CRC and especially that of management contrai, which is the main mission of the financial jurisdictions. The Regional Audit is responsible for carrying out the audit and control of the management of local authorities and their groupings in accordance with Article 98 of the constitution. The difficulty lies in the link between contrai of regularity and control of the management and the effectiveness of the latter to regulate the management of local finances in Morocco. The dilemma is accentuated when the non-compliance of legal rules which tell the relationship between state and local communities and the goal of optimal efficiency dictated by the rules of good management of local authorities. Indeed, all contrai is effective only through its ability to adapt to the environment in which it operates. Such an environment is inevitably a changing component over time influences the way to involve local authorities. Indeed, the decentralization and deconcentration that knows the Morocco was accompanied by the reduction of guardianship and the adoption of the proposed advanced regionalization. Such a movement has erected local authorities in an integrated space in which local elected officiais, regulators, businesses, civil society, the Regional Courts of accounts and all the partners should seek to make contributions to improve the experienGe of citizens. However, the fact is that community management is without remarkable development. And to manage the local authorities it is for councils to implement the necessary means to optimize their current operating expenses and free up resources for investment. A reflection pushed leads us to the question of how to combine the audit adapted to control a legal and policy objective and regulatory control adapted to a management objective ?Local finance control occupies a privileged position in the economic and social development model of Morocco. The whole chain of control practiced on local communities, the management control exercised by the Regional Courts of accounts is a management- tool and recovery of local public management whose objective is to compare the results with agreed targets to correct actions and bring the results to the objectives. Thus the management control would be achieved without a thorough overhaul of the organization of the Regional Courts of accounts and their mode of operation and the development of the internai and extemal environment of local authorities. While starting the findings, the work aims to reflect on the creation of a new local financial govemance and improving the quality and performance of the interventions of Regional Court of account. So we're referring to the internai efficiency and extemal effectiveness. The first relates to the quality of interventions Regional Audit regarding the second is related to the extemal environment in which operate these high control institutions. So after reviewing the practice of management control as currently applied and thoroughly dissect other neighboring control types in order to lift the ambiguity and analyze the strengths and limitations of each study is to look to explain how a more sui table control to the evolving context of local authorities.

In Sidumo v Rustenburg Platinum Ltd ((2007) 12 BLLR 1097 (CC); (2007) 28 ILJ 2405 (CC); 2008 (2) SA 24 (CC)) the Constitutional Court made two findings of immense significance for dismissed employees: firstly, the court rejected the use of the so-called “reasonable employer” test in our law, a test which traditionally required arbitrators and courts evaluating the fairness of a dismissal for proven misconduct to treat the employer’s decision on sanction with a measure of deference; and secondly, on scrutiny of the more controversial issue before the court, to wit, the basis, if any, upon which arbitrators are obliged to make reasonable decisions, the court (in confirming that arbitrators are so obliged) held that the obligation to do so suffuses section 145 of the LRA, and that the extended review grounds legislated under PAJA do not apply. In the present article these judicial conclusions are critically analysed and evaluated, and a number of submissions are made, inter alia: it is submitted that the Constitutional Court’s rejection of the “reasonable employer” test was premised on a fundamental misinterpretation of the test; that while the court’s attempt to locate the reasonableness standard within the LRA was perhaps justifiable, the court failed to consider properly, or at all, the wording of section 145 and its history, with the consequence that the court failed to appreciate that section 145 of the LRA (save on an unduly strained interpretation) could not conceivably be construed to cater, in itself and without more, for the constitutional right to lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair administrative action; and further, that the labour landscape post-Sidumo is, to an extent, unquestionably one bathed in greater uncertainty. In conclusion, the author poses the question whether, on a review of Sidumo, the Constitutional Court should not be considered to have fallen short of fulfilling its constitutional obligations under the rule of law.

Les graphes sont des objets couramment utilisés pour modéliser de nombreuses situations réelles comme des réseaux routiers, informatiques ou encore électriques. Ils permettent de résoudre des problèmes sur ces réseaux comme le routage (aller d'un sommet à un autre en suivant les arêtes du graphe) ou encore leur exploration (obtenir une carte du graphe étudié). Les réseaux étudiés, et donc les graphes qui les modélisent, peuvent être grands, c'est-à-dire avoir un très grand nombre de sommets. Dans ce cas, comme dans le cas de l'étude de grandes données en général, nous pouvons utiliser le paradigme << Diviser pour mieux régner >> pour répondre aux questions posées. En effet, en travaillant sur des petites parties du graphe et en fusionnant les résultats obtenus sur ces petites parties, on peut obtenir le résultat sur le graphe global. Dans ce document, nous présenterons une manière de décomposer les graphes en utilisant des plus courts chemins comme séparateurs. Cette décomposition permet d'obtenir, par exemple, un routage efficace, un étiquetage compacte pour pouvoir estimer les distances entre les sommets d'un graphe ou encore une navigation efficace dans les graphes<< petit monde >>. Cette méthode va nous permettre de définir de nouvelles classes de graphes. / Graphs are widely used to MODELISER a lot of real situations like road networks, computers networks or electricity ones. Using them, we can solve problems on these networks like routing (go from a vertex ti another one) or explore them (to have a map of studied graph).Studied networks, and so graphs which MODELISER them, can be large (i.e. have a lot of vertices). In this case, we can use the paradigm "Divide and conquer" to answer the questions. Indeed, working on small parts of graphs and merging the results on these small parts, we can obtain the result on the whole graph.In this document, we present a way to separate graphs using shortest paths like separators. This decomposition let to obtain a compact routing, a compact labeling to estimate the distance between vertices of the graph. This method let us to define new class of graphs.

Orientador: Andrei Koener / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T18:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_MarrielleMaiaAlves_D.pdf: 2775647 bytes, checksum: b0cda201d9f8a77758515e61d56a312c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a política dos Estados Unidos para o Tribunal Penal Internacional do ponto de vista da estratégia da política externa norte-americana. O período de análise refere-se ao imediato pós Guerra Fria, quando o tema da criação de tribunais internacionais voltou para a agenda internacional, compreendido nos anos das administrações George H. W. Bush (1989-1992), Bill Clinton (1993-2000) e George W. Bush (2001-2008). Partiu-se da constatação das diferenças no tratamento dispensado pelas Presidências norte-americanas aos instrumentos de justiça internacional. Com vistas a apreciar o significado dessas diferenças o trabalho foi dividido em quatro capítulos. O primeiro capítulo dedica-se a apresentar os antecedentes históricos da criação do Tribunal Penal Internacional e seus aspectos institucionais, com atenção especial para o papel dos Estados Unidos no processo de negociação do referido documento. Em seguida, o segundo capítulo apresenta como o tema se insere no tradicional debate da política internacional e da política externa norte-americana com repercussões para o estudo da grande estratégia dos Estados Unidos. No terceiro capítulo, são examinados os relatórios de estratégia de segurança nacional dos governos estudados com o propósito de contribuir para o estudo das variações da política externa dos Estados Unidos para os instrumentos de justiça internacional. Por fim, o quarto capítulo examina a política de oposição ao Tribunal Penal Internacional durante a administração George W. Bush. A conclusão do trabalho traz considerações sobre o consenso subjacente às posições dos Estados Unidos sobre o Tribunal Penal Internacional e, mais genericamente, os regimes internacionais de direitos humanos, e também as dimensões específicas do dissenso observado no discurso dos governos estudados. Esses dissensos dizem respeito aos valores norte-americanos e as distintas interpretações sobre o grau de comprometimento do Estado com uma instituição permanente de justiça internacional / Abstract: The present research has as its objective an examination of the policies of the United States with regard to the International Penal Court from the perspective of the American foreign policy strategy. For the analysis, the review begins with the end of the "cold war" period. As a time of interest in the creation of international courts, the presidencies of George H. W. Bush (1989-1992), William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton 1993-2000) and George W. Bush (2001-2008) are considered. With the beginning of differences in the treatment given by the different North American presidents, variation in the use of instruments of international justice can be perceived. In order to appreciate the meaning of these differences the present analysis has been divided in four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the presentation of historical antecedents of the creation of the International Criminal Court and its institutional aspects. Special attention is given to the role of the United States in the process of negotiation of the document. Following this, in the second chapter the theme of international justice is inserted into the international political debate, as well as the American foreign policy debate, with implications for the U.S. grand strategy. The third chapter examines reports elaborated on strategies of national security of individual governments with the goal of contributing to the study of variations in North American foreign policy, in view of international justice. Finally, the fourth chapter examines the policy of opposition to the International Penal Court during the administration of George W. Bush. The conclusion of the analysis presents considerations as to the underlying consensus of the positions of the United States regarding the International Criminal Court. In general, the positions of the international regimes as to human rights and specific dimensions of opposition in the discourse of the governments involved are observed. These dimensions represent North American values and the distinct interpretations of the level of commitment of the US Government as a permanent institution of international justice / Doutorado / Ciencia Politica / Doutor em Ciência Política

Orientador: Alexandre Campane Vidal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânic e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T08:43:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melani_LeandroHartleben_M.pdf: 3371940 bytes, checksum: aa652f57862226b62a1290a140070c87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A análise petrofísica é essencial para caracterização de reservatórios de hidrocarboneto, fornecendo parâmetros para avaliação do potencial econômico do campo. Este estudo foi realizado em um reservatório carbonático fraturado da Formação Quissamã, Bacia de Campos, composto predominantemente por calcarenitos e calcirruditos da Formação Quissamã, o qual foi denominado de Campo B. Este reservatório é essencialmente microporoso, com porosidade média a alta (15-30%) e, em geral, apresenta baixa permeabilidade de matriz (0,1-10 mD). As relações petrofísicas podem ser bastante complexas em reservatórios carbonáticos, em função da maior heterogeneidade na distribuição de fácies e porosidade nestas rochas. O grau de complexidade torna-se ainda mais elevado para o caso de reservatórios fraturados. Foi desenvolvido neste estudo um fluxo de trabalho para caracterização petrofísica da matriz deste reservatório carbonático, através da utilização de dados de perfis elétricos e de plugues. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar possíveis comportamentos de fluxo distintos e definir regiões do campo com provável contribuição de fluxo intergranular. Para isto, é indispensável entender a relação entre os controles geológicos e o comportamento dinâmico do reservatório. A partir da análise das propriedades petrofísicas da matriz foram reconhecidas duas regiões do reservatório com comportamentos de fluxo distintos, diretamente influenciados pela heterogeneidade do sistema poroso. Na área sul foi constatado baixíssima permeabilidade de matriz, decorrente do amplo predomínio de microporosidade, que confere esta característica de fluxo às rochas. Na área norte foram observados os melhores índices de permeabilidade de matriz para o campo, associados à contribuição de fluxo intergranular, devido à preservação de porções significativas de macroporosidade original. As altas taxas de produtividade registradas nos dados de produção para poços da região sul indicam a presença de fraturas. O sistema de fraturas tem pequeno impacto sobre a porosidade total deste reservatório, porém tem grande contribuição para o regime de fluxo, desempenhando um importante papel na produção comercial do campo. Foi investigado também o impacto associado aos parâmetros de Archie - coeficientes de cimentação (m) e saturação (n) - no cálculo de saturação de água (Sw) para este reservatório carbonático fraturado. Para investigar este impacto foram gerados e comparados quatro cenários de Sw baseados em valores de m e n distintos. Foram realizadas três análises principais: (I) valores de Sw e espessura porosa com óleo (HPhiSo) foram comparados para cada cenário. Os resultados mostraram considerável variação nos valores obtidos para ambos os parâmetros (Sw - HPhiSo). (II) Análise baseada nos valores de corte e Net Pay. Foi observado que os valores de corte devem ser redefinidos de acordo com a variação da curva de saturação de água, para que seja mantida a mesma espessura de Net Pay em um dado reservatório. (III) Análise da influência dos valores de corte individual e global na variação de espessura de Net Pay foi avaliada para todos os poços para o cenário C2. Variações pequenas indicam que um valor de corte global é válido para este campo. Os resultados do estudo mostram que valores imprecisos dos parâmetros de Archie podem conduzir a erros na avaliação de reservas / Abstract: Petrophysical analysis plays a vital role in reservoirs characterization, providing parameters to assess the economic potential of the field. This study was performed in a fractured carbonate reservoir of Quissamã Formation, Campos Basin, mostly composed of calcarenites and calcirudites of Quissamã Formation, which it was named Field B. This reservoir is essentially microporous, characterized by medium to high porosity (15-25%) and, in general, low matrix permeability (0.1-10 mD). The petrophysical relationships can be considerably complex in carbonate reservoirs, due to the greater heterogeneity in facies and porosity distribution of these rocks. The complexity became even higher in particular case of fractured reservoirs. It was developed in this paper a general workflow for petrophysical characterization of this Albian carbonate reservoir, using well log data and plugs samples. The goals of this paper were to identify different flow behaviors and to define areas of the field with possible intergranular flow contribution. It is extremely important therefore to understand the relationship between the geological controls and the dynamic behavior of the reservoir. The petrophysical analysis of matrix properties enabled to recognize two reservoir zones with distinct flow behaviors, directly influenced by the porous system heterogeneity. In the southern area it was found very low matrix permeability, due to the large occurrence of microporosity. In the northern area it were found the best matrix permeability values of B Field, related to the contribution of intergranular flow due to the original macroporosity preservation. The high initial production rates obtained from production data of wells located in the southern portion indicate the presence of fractures. The fracture system has a small impact on the percentage of total reservoir porosity, but it has a large contribution to the flow domain, playing an important role in the commercial production of the field. It was also investigated the impact associated with Archie?s parameters - Cementation Factor (m) and Saturation Exponent (n) - in the determination of water saturation (Sw) in this fractured carbonate reservoir. To investigate this impact, four Sw scenarios were generated by applying different m and n values and compared with one another. Three main analyses were performed according to m and n variations: (I) the average values of Sw and Hydrocarbon Pore Volume Height (HPhiSo) were compared for each scenario. The results showed a considerable variation in the average values for both. (II) The second analysis was based on the cut-off and Net Pay values. The results showed that cut-off values must be changed according to the variation given by a water saturation curve, whatever the Sw scenario, in order to keep the same Net Pay values. (III) The differences between global and individual cut-offs on Net Pay thickness were analyzed for all wells for the scenario C2. Insignificant variations indicate that a global cut-off value is acceptable for this field. The results show that inaccurate values of Archie?s parameters can lead to gross errors in reserves evaluation / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_andre_gouveia.pdf: 3499090 bytes, checksum: 80de0e348a062324ff6efb26632cf480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-01 / Le travail présent vise discourir sur Ia complémentarité de Ia Juridiction Pénale Intemationale à partir du Tribunal Pénal International pour le jugement de crimes intemationaux signalés dans le Statut de Rome, précisément le génocíde, les crimes contre I 'humanité, les crimes de guerre, et les crimes d' agression. L' action complémentaire du tribunal surgit au moment ou I' état se montre inefficace ou ne désire pas juger internement les responsables ou auteurs de ces crimes. En étant inefficace, I' état rend impossible de concrétiser Ia justice, d' effectuer Ia juridiction face à Ia communauté intemationale et d'éviter les ocurrences de nouveaux crimes, c'est-à-dire des agressions aux droits de I'Homme au niveau international. Ces crimes qui touchent toute I 'humanité doivent être jugés par les états, visant à réaliser Ia justice et à éviter I'impunité. L 'inefficacité de I'état pour concrétiser cette justice est signaler au moment ou il ne juge pas, soit par I'absence de moyens, soit parce qu'il ne le souhaite pas, ou encare et quand ille fait sans obtenir de résultats concrets et satisfaisants. Les principales conséquences des ces actes sont le sentiment d 'impunité et Ia dévalorisation de Ia dignité de Ia personne humaine. Ainsi,-I'état ne contribue pas au systeme global de protection des droits de I'homme. L' action complémentaire du TPI permanent fonctionne en vue d' éviter ce sentiment d'impunité. Ce travail à pour propos de chercher à disserter sur Ia complémentarité en tirant des doutes sur I'applicabilité et le rayon d'action face à I'état, comment serait appliquée une telle complémentarité, en quoi elle consiste, et selou quels criteres. A partir de recherches bibliographiques nationales et internationales, I 'aspect complémentaire de ce Tribunal gera traité, mais il convient de rappeler qu'il s'agit d'un theme nouveau en discussion au niveau international. L' objectif de ce travail est de contribuer au développement des études, débats, points de vue par rapport à ce nouvel instrument de protection des droits de I 'homme qui s'appelle le Tribunal Pénal International, qui a comme support le Statut de Rome approuvé par 120 états de plusieurs continents, lesquels ont participé au processus de formation d'une juridiction internationale pénale permanente. 11 faut remarquer I'importance de ce theme quand on constate Ia participation d 'un fiambre élevé de pays engagés pour établir cette nouvelle juridiction, en comprenant le caracrere de ce nouvel organe, avec Ia sensibilité et compréhension par rapport au seus de Ia souveraineté au moment d' accepter I' application de juridiction internationale. 11 faut diTe que les pays présentent des normes divergentes par rapport aux lois du Tribunal. Enfin, le theme vise Ia reconnaisssance du fait que les états peuvent se montrer inefficaces ou impuissants devant un jugement de situations relatives aux crimes internationaux et même I' organisation politique interne d' un état, les réflexes, Ia clameur sociale, peuvent être interprétés comme des interférences pour un jugement dont fmalement le résultat est inefficace. Chercher à compendrer des positionements sur le theme et construire de nouvelles perceptions signifie trouver une meilleure compréhension. Le travail vise toujours à contribuer au processus de consolidation des systemes de protection des droits de I'homme et à interagir avec d'autres études dans I'académie / O trabalho apresentado visa discorrer acerca da complementariedade da Jurisdição Penal Internacional a partir Tribunal Penal Internacional, doravante denominado TPI, para julgamento de crimes internacionais elencados no Estatuto de Roma, quais sejam, genocídio, crimes contra a humanidade, crimes de guerra e crimes de agressão. Esse caráter complementar há de ser enfrentado nesse trabalho no sentido de identificar qual forma de aplicação, condições, tendo-se como base o Estatuto de Roma criador do TPI. Esta ação complementar do Tribunal surge quando o Estado se mostra ineficaz ou não desejoso para julgar internamente os autores ou responsáveis por tais condutas ilícitas. Ao ser ineficaz o Estado deixa de concretizar justiça, de efetivar a jurisdição perante a comunidade internacional e evitar ocorrências de novos crimes, ferindo direitos humanos em nível internacional. Esses crimes que afligem aos Estados em geral no mundo devem ser julgados internamente, visando realizar justiça evitando-se impunidade. A ineficácia do Estado para concretizar essa justiça é marcante no instante em que não se julga, seja por não dispor de condições, ou porque não querem, ou ainda, quando o fazem sem apresentar resultados concretos e satisfatórios. A conseqüência maior nesse cenário é o senso de impunidade e desvalor à dignidade da pessoa humana. O Estado, assim, não contribui para o sistema global de proteção de direitos humanos. Visa-se assim via complementariedade do TPI evitar essa sensação de impunidade. Nesse sentido, surgem dúvidas acerca de como age o TPI no âmbito de sua complementariedade, daí a necessidade de dirimir tais dúvidas sobre sua aplicabilidadede e abrangência diante do Estado, bem como esse tema vem sendo tratado. A partir de pesquisas bibliográficas nacionais e internacionais, será tratado o aspecto complementar do TPI, valendo ressaltar que é um tema novo em discussão em nível internacional. Tenta-se contribuir assim para o desenvolvimento dos estudos, debates, pontos de vista acerca esse novo instrumento de proteção a direitos humanos que é o TPI que conta hoje com 105 países participantes, os quais se engajaram no processo de formação de uma jurisdição internacional penal permanente. Vislumbra-se a importância do estudo desse tema ao se deparar com um nível elevado de países que perceberam o caráter desse novo órgão, tendo sido eles sensíveis à nova percepção de soberania, permitindo assim aplicabilidade jurisdicional internacional ainda que esta apresente normas divergentes ao ordenamento jurídico interno dos Estados. Ao trazer à luz posicionamentos sobre o tema, construindo novos entendimentos e percepções, se lançará mão de uma melhor compreensão desse objeto de estudo lançando-se respostas acerca da compreensão da complementariedade do TPI. Busca- se contribuir ainda para o processo de debates sobre consolidação dos mecanismos de proteção de direitos humanos e interagir com outros estudos em andamento nas academias e, conseqüentemente, apresentar um posicionamento obtido a partir de todo trabalho desenvolvido

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_tarcisio_barros.pdf: 2305891 bytes, checksum: d106f3a9ef79c11e3e1039d73f8f5d7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-07 / This work analyses two juridical questions that are strongly related: the issue of social rights efficacy and the matter of procedure. celerity when related with them. In the beginning, the study examined how the fundamental rights was born in the juridical western societies e how they developed to became one of the most substantial attributes of contemporary constitutional democracies. It was affirmed in the text that 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution fully adopted the profile of Social State, as happened in Western Europe after the Second World War finished in 1945. In that time and after, new constitutional doctrines passed to consider the Constitution as a arder of values directed to satisfy human dignity, what have taken the State to act more efficiently in favor of equality among mankind, by the recognition of state social duties. Lastly, the study analyzed if the Brazilian federal small claims courts are suitable to observe the right to procedure celerity, which is laid in Brazilian Constitution. The conclusion was that, after the study of the laws that regulate the federal small claims and from the view of statistics, the legal changes adopted by Federal Law 10.259/2001 admitted major celerity in law suits concerning to social rights / Este trabalho enfoca duas questões jurídicas que se relacionam fortemente: a questão da eficácia dos direitos fundamentais, n.otadamente no que tange aos direitos fundamentais sociais, e o problema da celeridade da prestação jurisdicional na concretização desses direitos. Procurou-se, inicialmente, mostrar de que forma os direitos fundamentais surgiram nas ordens jurídicas ocidentais e como se desenvolveram para enfim se tornarem uma das características jurídicas essenciais das democracias constitucionais contemporâneas Ressaltou-se no texto que a Constituição Federal brasileira de 1988 adotou de forma plena o ideário do Estado Social, amplamente aceito, também, na Europa Ocidental do pós-Guerra de 1945, pois, a partir da segunda metade do século passado, doutrinas neoconstitucionalistas passaram a tratar da Constituição como uma ordem de valores direcionada à satisfação da dignidade humana e isto repercutiu no reconhecimento da existência de direitos prestacionais de cunho social exigíveis do Estado como fator de promoção da igualdade real entre todos os membros da comunidade. Por outro lado, o estudo abordou a questão da intervenção do Poder Judiciário na concretização de direitos sociais, afirmando que não existe óbice constitucional absoluto quanto à essa atuação, exceto no que tange à inexistência de recursos financeiros. Por fim, procurou-se analisar se os juizados especiais federais estão aptos a atender ao princípio da celeridade processual ou da razoável duração do processo. A análise do suporte normativo dos juizados especiais federais, juntamente com o estudo dos dados estatísticos oficiais, mostraram que as mudanças legais introduzidas pela Lei n. 10.259/2001 permitiram uma maior celeridade processual nas causas envolvendo os direitos sociais