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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

CORRELATION BETWEEN MODIFIED MALLAMPATI TONGUE SCORE WITH VARIATION IN CRANIOFACIAL POSTURE & MORPHOLOGY IN A LATERAL CEPHALOGRAM

Jolly, Lisa R January 2021 (has links)
Introduction: The Modified Mallampati Tongue Score (MMT) is commonly used in anesthesiology for the pre-anesthetic assessment of the airway in patients. This score roughly estimates the size and position of the tongue relative to the oral cavity, with higher scores associated with difficult intubation and increased incidence of breathing interferences, such as obstructive sleep apnea. The distance from the tongue base to roof of the mouth decreases from MMT-I to MMT-IV. The tongue shape and position impact the airway patency in the hypopharynx, contributing to changes in craniofacial head posture followed by changes in craniofacial morphology. This present study examines the pattern of associations between the Modified Mallampati Tongue Score positions and 1) the postural relationship of the cranium, hyoid bone, cervical column, and tongue 2) size, shape, and position of the craniofacial components, as depicted in a lateral cephalogram. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 200 subjects (145 female, 55 male) prior to starting orthodontic treatment. MMT was assessed from one photograph of maximum mouth opening and tongue protrusion. Pretreatment cephalograms were analyzed to evaluate craniocervical posture, resting tongue position, hyoid bone position, or sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships. MMT (I-IV) was also compared to basic demographics (age, gender, race/ethnicity). One-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, and correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Probability values <0.05 were accepted as significant. Results: A total of 200 patients (72.5% Female, 27.5% Male, 54% African American), with a mean age of 20 (Range 7-73), were included for the study. MMT-III was most prevalent (34%). MMT was not associated with age, gender, or race/ethnicity. Mean cephalometric measurements of hyoid position (p=0.06-0.03), mandibular position (p=0.006), ANB (p=0.009), and SNB (p=0.023, were shown to have significant differences with MMT. MMT positively correlated with the ANB (p=0.001), Wits (p=0.016), vertical position of the hyoid bone to neck (p=0.004) and mandible (p=0.048); and inversely correlated with the SNB (p=0.003) and Pog:Na-Perp (p=0.045). Conclusion: A higher MMT correlates to a Class II skeletal morphology and extended craniofacial posture. Preliminary results suggest high tongue position influences Class II craniofacial morphology, enhancing maxillary prognathic growth and mandibular deficiency. This indicates that MMT can be a potential predictor of craniofacial growth patterns, strengthening the prognosis and long-term stability of orthodontic treatment. / Oral Biology
2

Crouzon syndrome a clinical and roentgencephalometric study /

Kreiborg, Sven. January 1981 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Copenhagen, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-171) and index.
3

Cephalometric analysis of families with dominantly inherited Crouzon syndrome a genotype/phenotype correlation study to establish and redefine the concept of incomplete penetrance /

Murdoch-Kinch, Carol Anne, January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1996. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
4

Crouzon syndrome a clinical and roentgencephalometric study /

Kreiborg, Sven. January 1981 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Copenhagen, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-171) and index.
5

Cephalometric analysis of families with dominantly inherited Crouzon syndrome a genotype/phenotype correlation study to establish and redefine the concept of incomplete penetrance /

Murdoch-Kinch, Carol Anne, January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references.
6

Minimally Conjoined Craniopagus Twins: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and 28-Year Follow-up

Howard, Rebecca A, Billington, Alicia R, MD, PhD, Powers, Jeremy M, MD, FACS 07 April 2022 (has links)
Conjoined twinning has always been a phenomenon of great interest to the medical community because of its rarity and complexity. Each additional documented case bolsters our knowledge of embryologic development, anatomic anomalies, and strategic approaches to surgical challenges. Twins conjoined at the head, that is, craniopagi, are the rarest subtype of conjoined twins, and rates of survival to birth and through surgical separation are low. Those that do survive usually require multiple intensive procedures and often face lifelong developmental challenges due to shared brain tissue that must be parsed at time of separation. Here we present a case study of partial angular frontal craniopagus twin females with a soft-tissue-only conjuncture currently unrepresented in medical literature. Documentation of this case, in which a one-stage surgical separation occurred at day of life 1 without complication or any long-term disability, helps inform those that provide care for conjoined twins alongside their expectant parents of the wide possible range of clinical presentations and prognosis for craniopagi. A 28-year follow-up investigates how the anatomic configuration of the craniopagi and mechanical forces in utero impacted craniofacial development and their phenotypic characteristics as adults. Using clinical examination, CT imaging with 3D reconstruction, and Vectra® H1 stereophotogrammetry, overall symmetry and congenital deformities of both women’s external features and underlying craniofacial skeleton were characterized. Both twins exhibit near-identical skull deformities including right frontal bone flattening, ipsilateral parietal and occipital bossing, flattened malar eminence, and curvature of sagittal plane through the skull. Reported right anterolateral displacement of anterior fontanelles directly under the twins’ junctional area during infancy is reflected by asymmetry of the coronal suture withanterior displacement on the right side in both cases. In addition, Twin B has a persistent metopic suture that also shows lateral displacement toward site of junction. Soft tissue deformities include minor cosmetic asymmetries such as a sharp hairline irregularity below previous site of conjuncture, misaligned ears, sparse right eyebrow growth and weakened movement of this brow, and deviation of nasal tip in one twin. Both twins also sport a 5cm by 1.5-2cm surgical scar. Overall symmetry is good and most of these irregularities go unnoticed by laypeople; the women manage most of them with cosmetics and side-parting of the hair. Though some minor plastic surgery procedures could be offered to optimize symmetry, none are recommended or desired by the patients at this time. Through careful evaluation of their adult state, we conclude that minimally conjoined craniopagus twins sharing only soft tissue of the scalp at time of birth can still exhibit a number of lifelong cranial deformities and asymmetry of facial landmarks.
7

Diversificação craniofacial em morcegos filostomídeos : um estudo de associação genótipo-fenótipo através do gene RUNX2

Silva, Tiago Ferraz da January 2016 (has links)
Os morcegos da família Phyllostomidae, endêmicos da região Neotropical, apresentam notáveis padrões de diversificação nas formas craniofaciais que são associadas às especializações alimentares. Entretanto, as bases genéticas e do desenvolvimento responsáveis pela geração e manutenção de tais especializações adaptativas são amplamente desconhecidas; não apenas nesta linhagem evolutiva, mas para vertebrados de forma geral. Dentre os diversos genes já investigados e associados à morfologia craniofacial, o RUNX2 apresenta amplo potencial de envolvimento causal na diversificação de formas observadas em morcegos filostomídeos. Repetições in tandem na taxa de aminoácidos Glutamina por Alanina (taxa Q/A), relacionadas à morfologia craniana, foram verificadas em carnívoros, porém, o padrão não se manteve quando analisadas outras linhagens de mamíferos como um todo. Neste contexto, o presente estudo analisa, de forma pioneira, o papel da taxa Q/A na diversificação morfológica craniofacial em uma linhagem específica de mamíferos (morcegos filostomídeos) com particular adaptação (distintas dietas, e.g. carnivoria, frugivoria, insetivoria, nectarivoria, onivoria, sanguinivoria). Utilizou-se a abordagem de associação genótipo-fenótipo através de diferentes métodos estatísticos (e.g. correlação de Pearson e inferência Bayesiana), incluindo ainda a relação entre os hábitos alimentares e os traços genotípicos e fenotípicos como variável latente. As análises foram controladas para a não-independência filogenética dos dados, empregando métodos filogenéticos comparativos. Foram verificadas correlações significativas entre a taxa Q/A e diferentes medidas craniométricas que descrevem as mudanças na morfologia integrativa do crânio, em especial a largura e comprimento da maxila superior. Uma correlação positiva entre o aumento da taxa Q/A e os hábitos de frugivoria e onivoria foi verificada, sugerindo também a existência de interação entre o hábito alimentar e as medidas de comprimento e largura da maxila superior, especialmente para animais frugívoros e onívoros. / Phyllostomidae bats, a family endemic to the Neotropics, show remarkable diversification in craniofacial forms that are associated with feed specializations. However, the genetic and developmental bases responsible for the generation and maintenance of such morphological adaptation are largely unknown, not only on this evolutionary lineage, but for vertebrates in general. Among the several genes associated with craniofacial morphology so far, RUNX2 is a putative candidate to underlie diversification of forms found in phyllostomids. Tandem repeats in the rate of Glutamine by Alanine amino acids (Q/A ratio), related to cranial morphology, have been demonstrated in carnivores. However, such pattern was not clear when other mammalian lineages were analyzed as a whole. In this context, the present study examines, for the first time, the role of rate Q/A on craniofacial variation in a specific lineage of mammals (phyllostomids) with marked feed specializations (e.g. carnivorous, frugivorous, insectivorous, nectarivorous, omnivorous, hematophagous). The correlation between genotypes and phenotypic traits were made with different statistical methods (e.g. Pearson correlation and Bayesian inference), including the latent variable of diet as well. Such analysis were controlled for the non-independence phylogenetic effect using phylogenetic comparative methods. Significant correlations were observed between different Q/A rates and cranial measurements, which describes changes in the integrative morphology of the skull, especially the length and width of the upper jaw. In addition, a positive correlation between the increase in Q/A rate and frugivorous/omnivorous diet habits was observed, also suggesting the interaction between feed specializations, length and width of the upper jaw, especially for fruit-eating and omnivores animals.
8

Adenotonsilectomia e classe II esquelética: estudo de caso controle

Cunha, Taís de Morais Alves da 20 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by ROBERTO PAULO CORREIA DE ARAÚJO (ppgorgsistem@ufba.br) on 2017-05-19T23:57:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Taís de Morais Alves da Cunha.pdf: 4477784 bytes, checksum: e0fdc6323869bbbc52188e298dd50bae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T23:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taís de Morais Alves da Cunha.pdf: 4477784 bytes, checksum: e0fdc6323869bbbc52188e298dd50bae (MD5) / Introdução: Alterações morfológicas craniofaciais são atribuídas ao impedimento da função nasorrespiratória devido à hipertrofia obstrutiva de tonsilas faríngea e palatina. A adenotonsilectomia é indicada na infância para pacientes com obstrução nasorrespiratória, no entanto, a literatura científica não dispõe de informação a respeito do impacto da cirurgia para remoção de tonsilas no crescimento e desenvolvimento craniofacial em longo prazo. Objetivo: verificar a associação entre a realização da adenotonsilectomia na primeira infância e a má oclusão de Classe II esquelética na vida adulta e comparar crescimento vertical da face e comprimento do ramo mandibular entre indivíduos com Classe II esquelética e sem Classe II esquelética. Material e Método: foi realizado um estudo de caso controle não pareado. Os indivíduos que aceitaram participar da pesquisa responderam a um questionário e, após a identificação do padrão esquelético por meio de análise cefalométrica da telerradiografia de perfil, foram divididos em dois grupos: GRUPO CASO – composto por 23 indivíduos portadores de má oclusão de Classe II esquelética; GRUPO CONTROLE – composto por 27 indivíduos que não apresentavam má oclusão de Classe II esquelética. As imagens foram submetidas à análise cefalométrica no programa RADIOCEF Studio 2 (Radio Memory©) para comparação de medidas craniofaciais entre os grupos experimentais e verificação da associação entre a Classe II esquelética e a ocorrência da adenotonsilectomia na primeira infância. Resultados: Foi verificada uma forte associação epidemiológica entre a adenotonsilectomia e a má oclusão esquelética de Classe II (ORB=0,33) no sentido da proteção, independente do sexo (ORA=0,91). A altura facial anterior inferior foi maior para os indivíduos do grupo CASO e não houve diferença entre os grupos experimentais para as demais medidas cefalométricas que expressam o crescimento facial vertical. Conclusões: Dentre os benefícios em longo prazo da realização de adenotonsilectomia na primeira infância pode-se considerar, também, a prevenção do estabelecimento da Classe II esquelética na vida adulta.
9

Diversificação craniofacial em morcegos filostomídeos : um estudo de associação genótipo-fenótipo através do gene RUNX2

Silva, Tiago Ferraz da January 2016 (has links)
Os morcegos da família Phyllostomidae, endêmicos da região Neotropical, apresentam notáveis padrões de diversificação nas formas craniofaciais que são associadas às especializações alimentares. Entretanto, as bases genéticas e do desenvolvimento responsáveis pela geração e manutenção de tais especializações adaptativas são amplamente desconhecidas; não apenas nesta linhagem evolutiva, mas para vertebrados de forma geral. Dentre os diversos genes já investigados e associados à morfologia craniofacial, o RUNX2 apresenta amplo potencial de envolvimento causal na diversificação de formas observadas em morcegos filostomídeos. Repetições in tandem na taxa de aminoácidos Glutamina por Alanina (taxa Q/A), relacionadas à morfologia craniana, foram verificadas em carnívoros, porém, o padrão não se manteve quando analisadas outras linhagens de mamíferos como um todo. Neste contexto, o presente estudo analisa, de forma pioneira, o papel da taxa Q/A na diversificação morfológica craniofacial em uma linhagem específica de mamíferos (morcegos filostomídeos) com particular adaptação (distintas dietas, e.g. carnivoria, frugivoria, insetivoria, nectarivoria, onivoria, sanguinivoria). Utilizou-se a abordagem de associação genótipo-fenótipo através de diferentes métodos estatísticos (e.g. correlação de Pearson e inferência Bayesiana), incluindo ainda a relação entre os hábitos alimentares e os traços genotípicos e fenotípicos como variável latente. As análises foram controladas para a não-independência filogenética dos dados, empregando métodos filogenéticos comparativos. Foram verificadas correlações significativas entre a taxa Q/A e diferentes medidas craniométricas que descrevem as mudanças na morfologia integrativa do crânio, em especial a largura e comprimento da maxila superior. Uma correlação positiva entre o aumento da taxa Q/A e os hábitos de frugivoria e onivoria foi verificada, sugerindo também a existência de interação entre o hábito alimentar e as medidas de comprimento e largura da maxila superior, especialmente para animais frugívoros e onívoros. / Phyllostomidae bats, a family endemic to the Neotropics, show remarkable diversification in craniofacial forms that are associated with feed specializations. However, the genetic and developmental bases responsible for the generation and maintenance of such morphological adaptation are largely unknown, not only on this evolutionary lineage, but for vertebrates in general. Among the several genes associated with craniofacial morphology so far, RUNX2 is a putative candidate to underlie diversification of forms found in phyllostomids. Tandem repeats in the rate of Glutamine by Alanine amino acids (Q/A ratio), related to cranial morphology, have been demonstrated in carnivores. However, such pattern was not clear when other mammalian lineages were analyzed as a whole. In this context, the present study examines, for the first time, the role of rate Q/A on craniofacial variation in a specific lineage of mammals (phyllostomids) with marked feed specializations (e.g. carnivorous, frugivorous, insectivorous, nectarivorous, omnivorous, hematophagous). The correlation between genotypes and phenotypic traits were made with different statistical methods (e.g. Pearson correlation and Bayesian inference), including the latent variable of diet as well. Such analysis were controlled for the non-independence phylogenetic effect using phylogenetic comparative methods. Significant correlations were observed between different Q/A rates and cranial measurements, which describes changes in the integrative morphology of the skull, especially the length and width of the upper jaw. In addition, a positive correlation between the increase in Q/A rate and frugivorous/omnivorous diet habits was observed, also suggesting the interaction between feed specializations, length and width of the upper jaw, especially for fruit-eating and omnivores animals.
10

Diversificação craniofacial em morcegos filostomídeos : um estudo de associação genótipo-fenótipo através do gene RUNX2

Silva, Tiago Ferraz da January 2016 (has links)
Os morcegos da família Phyllostomidae, endêmicos da região Neotropical, apresentam notáveis padrões de diversificação nas formas craniofaciais que são associadas às especializações alimentares. Entretanto, as bases genéticas e do desenvolvimento responsáveis pela geração e manutenção de tais especializações adaptativas são amplamente desconhecidas; não apenas nesta linhagem evolutiva, mas para vertebrados de forma geral. Dentre os diversos genes já investigados e associados à morfologia craniofacial, o RUNX2 apresenta amplo potencial de envolvimento causal na diversificação de formas observadas em morcegos filostomídeos. Repetições in tandem na taxa de aminoácidos Glutamina por Alanina (taxa Q/A), relacionadas à morfologia craniana, foram verificadas em carnívoros, porém, o padrão não se manteve quando analisadas outras linhagens de mamíferos como um todo. Neste contexto, o presente estudo analisa, de forma pioneira, o papel da taxa Q/A na diversificação morfológica craniofacial em uma linhagem específica de mamíferos (morcegos filostomídeos) com particular adaptação (distintas dietas, e.g. carnivoria, frugivoria, insetivoria, nectarivoria, onivoria, sanguinivoria). Utilizou-se a abordagem de associação genótipo-fenótipo através de diferentes métodos estatísticos (e.g. correlação de Pearson e inferência Bayesiana), incluindo ainda a relação entre os hábitos alimentares e os traços genotípicos e fenotípicos como variável latente. As análises foram controladas para a não-independência filogenética dos dados, empregando métodos filogenéticos comparativos. Foram verificadas correlações significativas entre a taxa Q/A e diferentes medidas craniométricas que descrevem as mudanças na morfologia integrativa do crânio, em especial a largura e comprimento da maxila superior. Uma correlação positiva entre o aumento da taxa Q/A e os hábitos de frugivoria e onivoria foi verificada, sugerindo também a existência de interação entre o hábito alimentar e as medidas de comprimento e largura da maxila superior, especialmente para animais frugívoros e onívoros. / Phyllostomidae bats, a family endemic to the Neotropics, show remarkable diversification in craniofacial forms that are associated with feed specializations. However, the genetic and developmental bases responsible for the generation and maintenance of such morphological adaptation are largely unknown, not only on this evolutionary lineage, but for vertebrates in general. Among the several genes associated with craniofacial morphology so far, RUNX2 is a putative candidate to underlie diversification of forms found in phyllostomids. Tandem repeats in the rate of Glutamine by Alanine amino acids (Q/A ratio), related to cranial morphology, have been demonstrated in carnivores. However, such pattern was not clear when other mammalian lineages were analyzed as a whole. In this context, the present study examines, for the first time, the role of rate Q/A on craniofacial variation in a specific lineage of mammals (phyllostomids) with marked feed specializations (e.g. carnivorous, frugivorous, insectivorous, nectarivorous, omnivorous, hematophagous). The correlation between genotypes and phenotypic traits were made with different statistical methods (e.g. Pearson correlation and Bayesian inference), including the latent variable of diet as well. Such analysis were controlled for the non-independence phylogenetic effect using phylogenetic comparative methods. Significant correlations were observed between different Q/A rates and cranial measurements, which describes changes in the integrative morphology of the skull, especially the length and width of the upper jaw. In addition, a positive correlation between the increase in Q/A rate and frugivorous/omnivorous diet habits was observed, also suggesting the interaction between feed specializations, length and width of the upper jaw, especially for fruit-eating and omnivores animals.

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