Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces are currently deployed in three Balkan states: Bosnia-Herzegovina; Yugoslavia, in the province of Kosovo; and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). These three deployments represent NATO's attempts to date to conduct crisis management operations, a mission the Alliance adopted in the early 1990s and now a fundamental security task alongside collective defense. In view of the increasing importance of crisis management in NATO activities, this thesis analyzes the Balkan operations to identify lessons that can be applied to future doctrines. NATO's 1991 and 1999 Strategic Concepts are reviewed to illustrate the development of NATO's crisis management doctrine. Each Balkan intervention is examined to clarify NATO's crisis management failures and successes, and to assess apparent lessons. The thesis compares the lessons learned with the crisis management doctrine contained in the 2001 NATO Handbook, and offers recommendations for revisions to take fuller account of the lessons learned in the Balkans. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Due to crisis events that have shocked several college and university campuses, many of these institutions have begun to look for ways to respond effectively to those events. However, higher education is generally not equipped or prepared to respond to crisis events. Thus, crisis management research in higher education should be explored. Principles of organizational learning and organizational development from corporate management America were used in this qualitative study to explain how leaders in higher education institutions prepare for crises and learn from their crisis experiences. Chaos theory provided the theoretical lens for the study. Purposeful sampling was utilized to select two institutions and purposely identified administrators at those sites. Interviews gleaned the lived experiences of the participants. Data analysis revealed five themes: conflicting definitions, institutional response to crisis, continuous learning, institutional issues related to a crisis, and leadership roles during a crises. The findings support the importance of developing a crisis management plan, disseminating the plan to all stakeholders, and application of continuous learning principles to evaluate the plan and actual crises responses before, during, and after a crisis event.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Syracuse University, 2004. / Adviser: Elizabeth L. Toth. Includes bibliographical references.

Due to the fact that emergency situations can lead to substantial losses, both financial and in terms of human lives, it is essential that texts used in a crisis situation be clearly understandable. This thesis is concerned with the study of the complexity of the crisis management sub-language and with methods to produce new, clear texts and to rewrite pre-existing crisis management documents which are too complex to be understood. By doing this, this interdisciplinary study makes several contributions to the crisis management field. First, it contributes to the knowledge of the complexity of the texts used in the domain, by analysing the presence of a set of written language complexity issues derived from the psycholinguistic literature in a novel corpus of crisis management documents. Second, since the text complexity analysis shows that crisis management documents indeed exhibit high numbers of text complexity issues, the thesis adapts to the English language controlled language writing guidelines which, when applied to the crisis management language, reduce its complexity and ambiguity, leading to clear text documents. Third, since low quality of communication can have fatal consequences in emergency situations, the proposed controlled language guidelines and a set of texts which were re-written according to them are evaluated from multiple points of view. In order to achieve that, the thesis both applies existing evaluation approaches and develops new methods which are more appropriate for the task. These are used in two evaluation experiments – evaluation on extrinsic tasks and evaluation of users’ acceptability. The evaluations on extrinsic tasks (evaluating the impact of the controlled language on text complexity, reading comprehension under stress, manual translation, and machine translation tasks) Text Complexity and Text Simplification in the Crisis Management domain 4 show a positive impact of the controlled language on simplified documents and thus ensure the quality of the resource. The evaluation of users’ acceptability contributes additional findings about manual simplification and helps to determine directions for future implementation. The thesis also gives insight into reading comprehension, machine translation, and cross-language adaptability, and provides original contributions to machine translation, controlled languages, and natural language generation evaluation techniques, which make it valuable for several scientific fields, including Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, and a number of different sub-fields of NLP.

Ethiopia, being one of the force-contributing countries to the East African Standby Brigade (EASBRIG) and given its, resources, strategic location, and its military's long history, will have a significant role to play in creating a stable environment in the sub-region. This thesis analyzes the Organization of African Union/African Union (OAU/AU) efforts after the Cold War to restore security and ensure stability in the region and outlines the process of creating African Standby Forces (ASF) as sub-regional arrangements to bring stability and peace by preventing crises or responding to crises whenever they arise in the region. To fulfill such missions East African states have agreed to form the EASBRIG with each state contributing forces. This thesis also analyzes Ethiopia's past and current participation in peace operations (from 1951 in Korea to ongoing missions in Liberia and Burundi) and argues that though Ethiopia's participation in peace operations is commendable, many things could yet be improved and corrective measures need to be taken to better prepare for mission execution in regional and sub-regional crisis response efforts. There is work yet to be done on peacekeeping and peace enforcement in particular. How to better organize Ethiopia's Peace Force and increase their efficiency and effectiveness for future peace operations is a main goal of this thesis.

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / Homeland Security Presidential Directive #8 led to the establishment of the National Exercise Program and the Top Officials exercise series to test and evaluate first response agency integration and effectiveness. The last TOPOFF exercise cost $16M and involved over 10,000 people, but did not effectively leverage simulation techniques to make efficient use of resources. This research adapts an existing organizational learning process, integrating low- and high resolution simulation to provide decision support. This process led to the development of a multi-agent simulation methodology for emergency first response, specifically applied to analyze a notional vehicle bomb attack during a festival in the Baltimore Inner Harbor. This simulation demonstrates the potential benefits of low resolution simulation, using efficient experimental design and high-performance computing. Combined, these two ideas result in examining a 48-dimensional response surface and using over 156 CPU centuries of computer time. All experiments were completed in less than three weeks. The analysis of this data set provided insight into several areas, including the importance of standing operating procedures in the early moments of a crisis. Analysis showed that effective procedures may even be more important than the effectiveness of communications devices early in a first response operation. / Outstanding Thesis / US Army (USA) author.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Robert Warren, School of Urban Affairs & Public Policy. Includes bibliographical references.

Campus is the most important place for students to learn knowledge and skill. But there are still a lot of crisis in the campus. However, there are a lot of natural disaster and accidents in the campus. Most campus accidents caused by artificial careless. It is easy to harm and weak the campus safe. The purpose of the case study investigates the school crisis management. Therefore, how to teach the crisis management in the education process, how to inspire the conscience of crisis management, how to reduce accident¡¦s happen, how to insure the safe of the teachers and students in the campus. This is the very important issue in the education. We hope the crisis management would reduce the probability of the campus crisis reduce the harm during the campus crisis. The research structure based on prepare for school crisis and emergency measure for school crisis. We received 533 survey results. Total response rate of the paper survey was 56.149% based on valid responses. The data is statistically analyzed by factor analysis, reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA and Pearson¡¦s product-moment correlation. The major findings are listed below: 1. The average lower score in prepare school crisis is detect system and education training. 2. The average lower score in emergency measure school crisis is learning development and law consultation. 3. The red signal rank school crisis for teachers and employers is food poisoning, suicide events, bomb events, threaten events, sexual crime¡K At last, according to the conclusions of the research, we finding older age, seniority, high education, high position will pay more attention on school crisis management.

Abstract This thesis focuses on the SARS epidemic situation in 2003, conducting the comparison research. The compared objects are Singapore and Taiwan government¡¦s strategies. When Singapore and Taiwan have been through repeatedly the same crisis, which policies and measures have both countries separately made? Why the Singapore government's strategies were more successful? But Taiwan's strategies were actually thought awaits improvements. This article first introduces SARS epidemic situation development in 2003, after understanding event background, gradually will discuss the focal point to gather in Singapore and Taiwan. Then, the writer will make the analysis to the Singapore government as well as the Taiwan government SARS epidemic situation crisis management. The crisis management can be separated to three phases: crisis prevent phase, crisis handle phase and crisis restore phase, and the writer will discuss each phase. Finally, proposes regarding the government whole related SARS epidemic situation crisis management view and the suggestion.

All over the world, corporate scandals, big and small, affect our daily life. Since the beginning of the 21st century, major American corporations including WorldCom, Enron, Dynegy, Merk, Tyco, Lucent Technologies, Merrill Lynch, Global Crossing, and Health South were involved in corporate scandals. In Europe, accounting fraud and other criminal activities were uncovered at Switzerland¡¦s Adecco, the Netherlands¡¦ Ahold, and Parmalat, the Italian dairy concern whose owners defrauded investors of billions of dollars, including more than 1.5 billion US dollars from American investors. Crisis management is often portrayed as reactive activity directed at problems, usually arising from human error, and already escalating. The development of a crisis is often indeterminate rather than fixed. Crisis management can mean quick actions that prevent a triggering event as it unfolds or delayed action that mops up after the triggering event has run it course. In this paper, the proposed crisis management model is the M3 theory for managing multiple mistakes derived from Robert E. Mittelstaedt, Jr.¡¦s book, ¡§Will Your Next Mistake Be Fatal? Avoiding the Chain of Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Organization.¡¨ In this book, Mittelstaedt addresses errors in preparation, execution, strategy, and culture. He emphasizes that firms need to build internal control systems that will trigger clear and actionable alarms before ¡§failure chains¡¨ accelerate beyond control. The process of Managing Multiple Mistakes (M3) can determine whether an organization ends up in a negative or positive light on the front page of a national newspaper. ¡§The concept of Managing Multiple mistakes," Mittelstaedt writes, ¡§is based on the observation that nearly all serious accidents, whether physical or business, are the result of more than one mistake. If we do not ¡¥break the chain¡¦ of mistakes early, the damage that is done, and its cost, will go up exponentially¡K until the situation is irreparable.¡¨