INTRODUÇÃO: Existem poucos instrumentos de avaliação de habilidades aquáticas específicos na área de fisioterapia aquática. Evidenciamos a necessidade desses instrumentos para a prática clínica e pesquisa. A escala Swimming with Independent Measure (S.W.I.M.) avalia as habilidades aquáticas de indivíduos com deficiências físicas ou de aprendizagem. OBJETIVO: Tradução e adaptação transcultural da escala S.W.I.M. para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, e a análise das propriedades psicométricas. MÉTODO: Foi realizada a tradução, a síntese da tradução, a retrotradução e a submissão ao Comitê de Especialistas. Na sequência o pré-teste foi dividido em fase um, para análise da escala por 20 profissionais, e a fase dois, de aplicação da escala em 20 crianças saudáveis. A versão final da escala S.W.I.M. foi replicada nos profissionais para verificar recorrências de incompreensões. A análise psicométrica consistiu em interpretabilidade e confiabilidade. RESULTADO: Todos os estágios propostos na metodologia foram realizados. A versão final da escala S.W.I.M. não apresentou nenhum item com índice de incompreensão igual ou superior a 15%. Apresentou ausência do efeito teto e chão, excelente confiabilidade intra (0,987) e interexaminador (0,924), alta consistência interna (0,847), erro padrão de medida de 1,23 e mínima mudança detectável de 3,41 (escore de 11-77). CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível realizar a tradução e adaptação transcultural da escala S.W.I.M. para a língua portuguesa do Brasil equivalente à versão original em inglês de acordo com os passos preconizados pela literatura. Apresentou excelente confiabilidade e alta consistência interna / INTRODUCTION: There are few assessment tools for specific aquatic skills in the aquatic therapy area. Theses measurement instruments are important for clinical practice and scientific research. The Swimming with Independent Measure (S.W.I.M.) scale aims is to assess aquatic skills of individuals with physical or learning disabilities. OBJECTIVE: Translation, crosscultural adaptation of S.W.I.M. scale to Brazilian Portuguese and analysis of psychometric properties. METHOD: We followed the methodological sequence translation, translation synthesis, back-translation and submission by an expert committee. The pretest was divided into phase one, scale analysis by 20 professionals and phase two, scale application in 20 healthy children. The final version of S.W.I.M. was replicated to test its usability. Psychometric analysis consisted of interpretability and reliability. RESULT: All stages proposed methodology were performed. A maximum of 15% for non understandable sentences/items was established. The final version of S.W.I.M. in Brazilian Portuguese was clear and usable. No floor/ceiling effects were observed and excellent intra (0.987) and inter reliability (0.924) and high internal consistency (0.847) was found. The standard measurement error was 1.23 and the minimum detectable change was 3.41 (11-77 score). CONCLUSION: The translation and cultural adaptation of S.W.I.M. to Brazilian Portuguese were concluded and the Brazilian Portuguese version was equivalent to the original English version, according to the steps recommended in the literature. S.W.I.M. showed excellent reliability and high internal consistency

By path analysis, it was found that only self-efficacy and subjective norm, but not general attitudes, significantly predicted individuals' BID across all samples. Moreover, in contrast to the hypothesis, results showed that after-death anxiety predicted self-efficacy but not attitudes. Low after-death anxiety, accurate knowledge regarding organ donation, and high subjective norm promoted self-efficacy. Altruism was the main determinant of attitudes but its indirect impact on BID was weak. The applicability of the model on all four samples was acceptably high, and the configural invariance of the model was generally supported across three ethnic groups. / Previous studies have shown that the general public exhibits favorable attitudes toward posthumous organ donation, but a low donor card signing rate. Hence, positive attitudes may not be a good predictor of the behavioral commitment to donate organs. This dissertation was a cross-cultural study on the actual behaviors of signing or taking away the donor card (i.e. b&barbelow;ehavioral i&barbelow;ntentions to d&barbelow;onate organs after death (BID). It aimed at proposing an integrative, content-specific but culture-general model for posthumous organ donation. The model was composed of two levels of influences on BID, namely, the proximal level (including self-efficacy toward signing the donor card, general attitudes toward posthumous organ donation, and subjective norm for posthumous organ donation) as well as the distal level (including knowledge regarding posthumous organ donation, altruism, and after-death anxiety). The model was first tested and refined among 517 Chinese college students (Study 1), and was then further validated with 290 Chinese community adults (Study 2) in Hong Kong. The applicability of the model was also examined with a Western control sample of 217 Caucasian American college students (Study 3) and a non-Chinese Asian sample of 670 Japanese college students (Study 4). Psychosocial characteristics of three college samples were then compared, and ethnic differences on predictive values of psychosocial factors on BID were studied (Study 5). / The ANOVA results challenged the old assumption of underlying similarities in psychosocial characteristics across Asian ethnic groups. As expected, Americans were the most likely to show BID, followed by Chinese, while Japanese had the lowest tendency to show BID. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Wu Man Sze Anise. / "May 2005." / Adviser: Catherine S. K. Tang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0604. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-136). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

O conhecimento do paciente sobre seus medicamentos é o conjunto de informações sobre o medicamento necessárias para garantir seu uso correto. Este conhecimento é insuficiente nos idosos, que representam o segmento populacional que usa mais medicamentos e que mais cresce no Brasil. Este estudo identificou fatores relacionados ao conhecimento que pacientes muito idosos (≥80 anos), atendidos no Ambulatório de Fragilidade do Hospital Universitário da USP, possuíam sobre a medicação prescrita. As 11 perguntas do questionário espanhol \"Conocimiento del Paciente sobre su Medicamento\" foram adaptadas transculturalmente ao português brasileiro, processo que incluiu etapas de tradução, retradução, pré-teste e avaliação da confiabilidade e validade de construto da versão final. Esta foi usada para medir o conhecimento sobre todos os medicamentos prescritos pelo geriatra na última consulta médica por meio de uma entrevista face a face com o paciente ou seu cuidador. O conhecimento foi explicado por variáveis relacionadas ao entrevistado, ao atendimento médico e aos medicamentos, incluídas em um modelo misto linear. Foi construído um modelo para pacientes e outro para cuidadores. O questionário adaptado mostrou equivalência conceitual, de item, semântica, operacional, de mensuração e funcional com o original. A versão brasileira apresentou confiabilidade suficiente (α de Cronbach=0,736). Sua estrutura interna foi semelhante a do questionário espanhol e o conhecimento estimado esteve correlacionado à adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo (rb=0,86), ao controle da pressão arterial (rb=0,46) e à complexidade da prescrição (r=-0,22). No grupo de pacientes, medicamentos usados de 0,1 a 6,0 meses (b=0,19, p=0,009), e a mais de 6 meses (b=0,12, p=0,025), foram mais conhecidos que medicamentos nunca usados. No grupo de cuidadores, medicamentos classificados como potencialmente perigosos em ambiente ambulatorial foram mais conhecidos que os outros medicamentos (b=0,16, p=0,004) e, quanto maior a categoria do nível de instrução, maior o conhecimento. Assim, recomenda-se o uso do instrumento adaptado para medir o conhecimento sobre medicamentos de uso crônico em qualquer paciente fluente na língua portuguesa. A equipe de saúde precisa prover programas contínuos de educação sobre medicamentos, os quais devem ser adaptados à rede de apoio do paciente, incluindo os medicamentos usados há muito tempo. Deve-se, também, estimular a participação ativa do paciente (empoderamento) no gerenciamento de seus medicamentos. / Patient drug knowledge is the set of drug information needed to guarantee correct drug use. This knowledge is poor in aged individuals, which is the most drug consuming and the fastest growing age group. Here, we identified factors related to the knowledge very old patients (≥80 years) attending the Frailty Ambulatory of the University Hospital of USP possessed on prescribed drugs. The 11 items of the Spanish questionnaire entitled \"Conocimiento del Paciente sobre su Medicamento\" were cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, which included translation, back-translation, pretest, and reliability and construct validity assessment of the final version. The latter was used to measure knowledge about all geriatrician prescribed drugs in the last appointment by means of a face-to-face interview with either patient or caregiver. Drug knowledge was explained by variables related to interviewee, medical appointment, and prescribed drugs, which were included in a linear mixed model. It was obtained one model for patients and another for caregivers. The adapted questionnaire possessed conceptual, item, semantic, operational, measurement, and functional equivalence with the original. Realiability of the Brazilian version was sufficient (Cronbach´s α=.736). Internal structure was similar to the Spanish questionnaire and estimated drug knowledge was correlated to adherence to antihypertensive treatment (rb=.86), blood pressure control (rb=.46), and medication regimen complexity (r=-.22). In the patient group, drugs used from 0.1 to 6.0 months (b=0.19, p=.009), and used longer than 6 months (b=0.12, p=.025) presented more knowledge than never used ones. In the caregiver group, medications classified as high-alert in ambulatory healthcare were associated with higher knowledge than other drugs (b=0.16, p=.004) and, higher the educational level category, the bigger the caregiver drug knowledge. Thus, this work recommends the utilization of adapted instrument in order to assess chronic drug knowledge of any patient fluent in Portuguese. Healthcare team have to provide continuous drug education programs, which should be tailored to the extent of patient support and cover even long time use drugs. Patients taking active part (empowerment) in the management of their medication should also be stimulated.

INTRODUÇÃO: Atualmente há poucos testes de habilidades metafonológicas normatizados e padronizados para os falantes do Português-Brasileiro (PB). Desta forma a tradução e a adaptação de testes internacionais se tornaram um recurso valioso para os pesquisadores brasileiros. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivos traduzir e adaptar o protocolo e o manual do Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Test - 3rd edition (LAC 3) do Inglês-Americano (IA) para o PB, respeitando as equivalências transculturais (Estudo 1), assim como realizar a aplicação da versão final do LAC 3 traduzido e adaptado em um estudo piloto com crianças falantes do PB (Estudo 2). MÉTODO: Para o Estudo 1 foi realizado um levantamento das características dos estímulos do LAC 3 quanto às estruturas silábicas utilizadas, aos tipos de fonemas que compõem as estruturas silábicas, e, aos tipos de atividades de manipulação solicitadas para os itens do teste. Desta forma, os estímulos foram traduzidos de acordo com o levantamento, e apenas o manual de aplicação do LAC 3 foi traduzido de forma direta do IA para o PB. A tradução dos estímulos foi avaliada por dois juízes experientes, e assim, adaptados em uma versão final do teste para o PB (LAC 3 - Adaptado). A avaliação da confiabilidade dos estímulos foi realizada com a consistência interna de Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR20). Para tal, foram analisados os itens de cada categoria (I-a, I-b, II, III e IV, exceto a Categoria V) da aplicação no grupo controle (GC), com 33 crianças sem alterações de fala e linguagem. Os coeficientes KR20 maiores que 0,7 foram considerados aceitáveis. Para o Estudo 2, o LAC 3 - Adaptado foi aplicado em um estudo piloto com 66 crianças, sendo 33 do GC e 33 do grupo pesquisa (GP), composto por crianças com TF. Comparações entre GC e GP foram feitas quanto aos três tipos de pontuação do teste, assim como, os valores de referência para a pontuação padrão do LAC 3 - Adaptado foram calculados por meio de percentis. As crianças do GP aprovadas e reprovadas na sondagem do LAC 3 - Adaptado foram comparadas com provas que avaliam a fonologia. RESULTADOS: No Estudo 1, o levantamento dos estímulos foi minucioso e respeitou as equivalências entre as culturas. A avaliação dos juízes determinou modificações que resultaram na versão final do LAC 3 - Adaptado. O KR20 da Categoria I-a (0,68) foi muito próximo do aceitável, podendo ser melhorado se um dentre três itens fosse excluído (0,74). O KR20 da Categoria I-b (0,78) foi aceitável, mas pode ser melhorado se um item for excluído (0,85). E já os KR20 das categorias II (0,97), III (0,97) e IV (0,96) foram altos e podem ser considerados aceitáveis. No Estudo 2, a pontuação bruta das categorias I-a, I-b e III diferenciaram os grupos, uma vez que as crianças do GP apresentaram pior desempenho. Com os novos valores de referências para a pontuação padrão do LAC 3 - Adaptado, as crianças falantes do PB podem ser classificadas qualitativamente de forma a refletir um desempenho real no teste. As crianças mais novas com TF foram as com maior dificuldade na sondagem e na prova de aliteração diferente. CONCLUSÃO: No Estudo 1, o levantamento dos estímulos originais do LAC 3 e a avaliação dos juízes foram efetivos, sendo que a tradução inicial e adaptação dos estímulos foram concretizados de maneira apropriada para o PB, e as equivalências foram mantidas com o idioma do teste. A análise da consistência interna dos itens confirmou a confiabilidade da tradução e adaptação dos estímulos do LAC 3. No Estudo 2, foi demonstrado diferenças significativas entre as crianças com e sem TF, sendo que as crianças reprovadas na sondagem tem TF, são mais novas e mostraram dificuldade na prova de aliteração diferente. Os novos valores de referências (percentil) para a classificação qualitativa da pontuação padrão do LAC 3 - Adaptado são mais eficazes para classificar as crianças falantes do PB / INTRODUCTION: Currently there are few normalized and standardized tests of metaphonological skills for Brazilian-Portuguese (BP) speakers. Thus, the translation and adaptation of international tests have become a valuable resource for Brazilian researchers. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to translate and adapt the protocol and manual of the Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Test - 3rd edition from American-English (AE) to BP, respecting the cross-cultural equivalence (Study 1), as well to perform the application of the final version of the LAC 3 translated and adapted in a pilot study with BP speaking children (Study 2). METHOD: For the Study 1 it was accomplished a survey of the LAC 3 stimulus characteristics, as the syllabic structures used, the types of phonemes that compose the syllabic structures, and the types of manipulation activities required for the test items. Thus, the stimulus were translated according to the survey, and only the LAC 3 application manual was translated directly from the EA to BP. The stimulus translation were evaluated by two experienced judges, and then adapted in a final version of the test in BP (LAC 3 - Adapted). The evaluation of the reliability considered the internal consistency of Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR20). For such, it were analyzed the items in each category (Ia, Ib, II, III and IV, except the Category V) of the application in the control group (CG), with 33 children with normal development of speech and language. The KR20 coefficients higher then 0,7 were considered acceptable. For the Study 2, was applied the LAC 3 - Adapted in a pilot study with 66 children, being 33 from CG and 33 from the research group (RG), formed by children with speech sound disorder. Were made comparison between CG and RG regarding three types of the test score, as well it was calculated references values for the standard score of the LAC 3 - Adapted by means of percentiles. The approved and excluded RG children in the LAC 3 - Adapted precheck were compared with phonology tests. RESULTS: In Study 1, the stimulus survey was thorough and respected the cross-cultural equivalences. The judges evaluation determined modifications that resulted in the final version of the LAC 3 - Adapted. The KR20 of the Category I-a (0.68) was very close to the acceptable and can be improved if one of three items were excluded (0.74). The KR20 of the Category I-b (0.78) was acceptable but can be improved if an item is deleted (0.85). And the KR20 of the categories II (0.97), III (0.97) and IV (0.96) were high and can be considered acceptable. In Study 2, the raw score of the categories I-a, I-b and III differentiated the groups, since the RG children showed worse performance. With the new reference values for the LAC 3 - Adapted standard score, the BP speakers can be qualitatively classified to reflect a real test performance. Younger children with SSD were the ones with more difficulty in the precheck and in the different alliteration test. CONCLUSION: In Study 1, the LAC 3 stimulus survey and the judges evaluation were effective, being that the initial translation and stimulus adaptation were appropriately implemented to BP, and the equivalences were maintained with the test language. The internal consistency analysis of the items confirmed the reliability of the translation and adaptation of the LAC 3 stimulus. In Study 2, it demonstrated significant differences between children with and without SSD, and the children who failed in the precheck has SSD, are younger and showed difficulty in the different alliteration test. The new reference values (percentiles) for the qualitative classification of the standard score of the LAC 3 - Adapted are more effective to classify BP speaking children

The CIDI is a fully standardised, structured interview for the assessment of psychiatric disorders according to DSM-II-R and proposed ICD-10 criteria. The development of this interview has been the collaborative effort of researchers from 18 sites around the world. In a field trial to test the cross-cultural acceptability and reliability of the questions, there was found to be high acceptance and excellent reliability for the substance use questions, problems with the lengthy alcohol section, and difficulties translating relevant substance use concepts into different languages. There is therefore room for further improvement in the substance-related questions. There proved to be differences between ICD-10 and DSM-III-R regarding substance abuse and dependence disorders.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2009. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

The aim of this study was to examine and compare job demand and resource perception of hospital employees in Iceland and Sweden as well as their self-efficacy and intention to quit. These variables have high predictability for attitudes and behavior. Since the two countries were impacted differently by the global financial crisis of 2008, it is interesting to investigate whether these factors differ between them. A cross-sectional data was collected in public hospitals among specialized and unspecialized healthcare employees who responded to a self-administrated questionnaire. Quantitative methodology was used to analyze the differences between the groups. A MANOVA revealed no significant differences in resource perception, self-efficacy and intention to quit. However, unexpectedly, perception of job demands was significantly higher in Sweden. The literature behind this comparison sheds a light on how work conditions and employee well-being can be improved by managing resources and demands. It yields insight into how improvements can be wrought in such a complex system as healthcare in times of financial restrictions. On a practical level, this study emphasizes the importance of fair demands and good resources as a key to well-being because balanced levels of these factors enable employees to respond effectively to their work environment, be more satisfied, motivated, have high self-efficacy and be less likely to quit their jobs. Finally, areas were identified where future research is needed.

China is engaged in the largest healthcare construction program in history, expecting to build more than 2,000 hospitals and a large number of healthcare facilities at all scale over the next few years. This once-in-a-lifetime construction boom provides a valuable opportunity to rethink Chinese hospital design, and especially to consider how to design modern hospitals that are effective and efficient in delivering care, and are responsive to the cultural needs of the Chinese people as well. This dissertation seeks to rigorously define these issues and develop metrics that link design to key healthcare processes. This study uses a range of concepts and analysis tools drawn from cross-culture organizational communications, evidence-based design, space syntax and other research traditions. This thesis develops and refines metrics for four main drivers of nursing unit design: space economy, staff efficiency, natural light and cultural preferences for communication. Communication among Chinese healthcare workers is strongly influenced by cultural preferences for patterns of authority and decision-making reflected in organizational culture and rooted in Confucian principles of hierarchical social structure (Dengji), social network (Guanxi) and face (Mianzi). While the dissertation builds on a longstanding tradition of research focusing on healthcare space economy and staff efficiency, new measures for cultural preferences are proposed and tested. Based on emerging theories of cross-cultural organizational communication by Hofstede and other scholars, and space syntax, this study particularly explores how cultural preferences for face-to-face communication are reflected in the design of Chinese nursing units. Based on the proposed metrics, the dissertation analyzes six pairs of Chinese and US nursing units, matched on layout type. While the Chinese nursing units appear Western, deeper quantitative analysis of their layouts reveals significant national differences in the application of unit typologies in China when compared to those in the U.S. It shows that Chinese hospital design is rooted in cultural preferences such as for positive energy (qi) based on Fengshui theory, and in Confucian principles of hierarchy, social networking and face.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-05, page: 2667. Advisers: Kim Waller; Steven Kelder. Includes bibliographical references.

Social Network Site (SNS) users’ disclosed personal information is beneficial for marketers, as targeted advertising can be provided accordingly. This study identifies the three privacy concepts of concerns, attitudes and intentions, along with culture (i.e. Hofstede’s masculinity) to be key drivers of users’ self-disclosure on SNSs. Hence, this study evaluates these antecedents and their potential effect on self-disclosure, considering Facebook as the SNS of choice. To account for potential cross-cultural differences, data has been gathered via two online questionnaires, resulting in one German and one Norwegian sample of respondents. Multiple regression analyses were carried to evaluate the antecedents of self-disclosure and one-way ANOVA to examine potential differences amongst Germans and Norwegians. Results indicate that privacy intention is the strongest predictor of self-disclosure on SNSs; whereas privacy concerns and attitudes only reveal an indirect effect on self-disclosure. In addition, significant differences have been found for all of the constructs, indicating that there exist fundamental differences between Germans and Norwegians with regards to their cognitive processing behind personal information disclosure on SNSs.