The present thesis deals with the Byzantine Empire at the beginning of the 13th century. The text concentrates on events following the conquest of Constantinople by the crusader army in 1204 and the response of Byzantine elites to the new political reality. The main attention is paid to Theodore I Laskaris and his actions concerning the emerge of Empire of Nicaea. The Nicene Empire is compared to the Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze differences of these state units and their relation to the political and cultural tradition of the Byzantine Empire as well as to determinate main elements of the Byzantine statehood. The significant amount of both continuity of social processes and cultural traditions within the Byzantine society is emphasized. The Empire of Nicaea is evaluated as an integral and important part of the history of the Byzantine Empire.

<p>This study presents a new reading of the <i>Perlesvaus</i>, an anonymous thirteenth-century Old French Grail romance bizarrely structured around an Arthurian restaging of the battle between the Old and the New Law. I construe this hyper-violent, phantasmagorical text as a profoundly significant work of “trauma fiction” encoding a hitherto-unrecognized crisis of religious ethics and identity in Western Europe in the first half of the thirteenth century. Combining literary and historical analysis and drawing on current trends in trauma studies, I tie what I term the “deranged discourse” of the <i>Perlesvaus</i> to the brutal onset of internal crusading in southern France (the papal-sponsored Albigensian Crusade, 1209-29), making the case that the collective trauma staged in its narrative perturbations was a contributing factor in the well-documented worsening of Western European antisemitism during this period. One key analytical construct I develop is the “doppelganger Jew”—personified in the <i>Perlesvaus</i> by its schizoid authority figure, Josephus, a conflation of first Christian priest and first-century Romano-Jewish historian—who functions as an uncanny embodiment of powerful, unacknowledged fears that Christians were losing their spiritual moorings and reverting into reviled, scapegoated Jews. Traces of this collective trauma are explored in other contemporary texts, and one chapter examines how the fourteenth-century <i>Book of John Mandeville</i> revives similar fears of collapsing Judeo-Christian identity and unfolds under the sign of the doppelganger Jew.</p>

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This thesis is the study of televangelism contextualized within the country of Romania. It seeks to answer six main questions: I} When the Lord Jesus gave Christendom the global, Gospel mandate, he forced his disciples into a two thousand year struggle with, not only the message, but how to spread this message. Is the Gospel message so powerful that it will penetrate through any method of delivery? Can a former communist country be evangelized through television? 2) The next question asked in this thesis: is the message in and of itself, when conveyed through this media, sufficient to accomplish its goals? Does the media encourage the recipient to fulfill the desires of the message? What about Mass Communication Theory which espouses that television is more likely to reinforce then transform a viewer's belief? 3) The third question wrestled with: would the former communistic country of Romania, when turning to the ideals of the West, receive the Gospel message with greater or lesser significance through the media of television, or would other forms of communication be more desirable? Would television, in comparison to Crusade or Film Evangelism, be a more ideal media for the Gospel at this juncture in Romania's history? 4) Television allows large audiences to be reached with staggering efficiency, but does the medium itself impose limits on the kind of evangelism that can be done? What type of church grows out of an electronic medium? Would television gather a church "unto itself?" 5) In fulfilling the great commission, many organizations and mission groups have arisen with the desire to carry the Gospel message to the ends of the earth with whatever means available, including CBN, who uses television. Can television reach the masses, including the poor, in Eastern block countries? 6) The final question addressed in this research: what are the long term effects of televangelism in this former communistic country? Would a one time television program, given in one week, yield results that can be determined two years later? These questions were not only wrestled with, but conclusions were drawn to make evangelism and particularly televangelism more efficacious. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / Th. D. (Practical Theology)

This thesis examines the transmission of the idea of crusade to Poland and the subsequent Polish response to the idea of crusade in the twelfth century. It determines the key mechanisms by which the idea of crusade was transmitted to Poland and through an analysis of primary contemporary sources the thesis provides compelling evidence that the Polish elites were highly familiar with, and receptive to, the idea of crusade. Moreover, this thesis argues that the Poles were conscious participants in the crusades and undertook various crusading activities during the twelfth century. These findings are contrary to the established position in Polish historiography, and bring many sources to an English-speaking audience for the first time. / Through an examination of narrative sources this thesis demonstrates that the Polish elites were enthusiastic supporters of the idea of crusade within a decade of the First Crusade. This thesis shows that under the leadership of the Piast dynasty the Poles engaged in Christian holy war (proto-crusading): the conquest of Pomerania (1102–1128), contributed armies to three theatres of the Second Crusade (1147–1148), and launched major expeditions against the Prussian apostates (1166 and 1192). / This thesis identifies the influence of the idea of crusade on the actions of the Piasts and in particular, Boleslaw III’s sons (the Piast Juniors), and the importance of family traditions. The thesis presents new propositions in regards to the crusades in Prussia and key Polish crusader participants: the involvement of the Polish crusader army under the command of Mieszko III in the Wendish Crusade (July–August 1147); previously unreported in English historiography, the first known example of crusading in Prussia led by Boleslaw IV (November–December 1147); and Henry of Sandomierz’s leadership of the Polish crusader contingent to the Holy Land (1147–1148).

This thesis is the study of televangelism contextualized within the country of Romania. It seeks to answer six main questions: I} When the Lord Jesus gave Christendom the global, Gospel mandate, he forced his disciples into a two thousand year struggle with, not only the message, but how to spread this message. Is the Gospel message so powerful that it will penetrate through any method of delivery? Can a former communist country be evangelized through television? 2) The next question asked in this thesis: is the message in and of itself, when conveyed through this media, sufficient to accomplish its goals? Does the media encourage the recipient to fulfill the desires of the message? What about Mass Communication Theory which espouses that television is more likely to reinforce then transform a viewer's belief? 3) The third question wrestled with: would the former communistic country of Romania, when turning to the ideals of the West, receive the Gospel message with greater or lesser significance through the media of television, or would other forms of communication be more desirable? Would television, in comparison to Crusade or Film Evangelism, be a more ideal media for the Gospel at this juncture in Romania's history? 4) Television allows large audiences to be reached with staggering efficiency, but does the medium itself impose limits on the kind of evangelism that can be done? What type of church grows out of an electronic medium? Would television gather a church "unto itself?" 5) In fulfilling the great commission, many organizations and mission groups have arisen with the desire to carry the Gospel message to the ends of the earth with whatever means available, including CBN, who uses television. Can television reach the masses, including the poor, in Eastern block countries? 6) The final question addressed in this research: what are the long term effects of televangelism in this former communistic country? Would a one time television program, given in one week, yield results that can be determined two years later? These questions were not only wrestled with, but conclusions were drawn to make evangelism and particularly televangelism more efficacious. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / Th. D. (Practical Theology)

This dissertation analyses Reinhard Bonnke's evangelistic ministry in Africa, and examines to what extent his propagated "Evangelism by Fire" conforms with the New Testament ministry of evangelism. The results of an analysis of the New Testament ministry of evangelism, especially of the evangelistic ministry of Philip, provide the basis for a comparison with Bonnke's understanding and practice of the evangelistic ministry. A thorough analysis of Bonnke's publications, especially those referring to the theme of evangelism, allows a systematic insight into his understanding of the evangelistic ministry. In order to examine the conformity between Reinhard Bonnke's understanding and his practice of evangelism, expert interviews referring to his gospel crusade in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, in 2002 are analysed, and compared to his understanding of evangelism. Finally, the findings about Bonnke's understanding and practice of evangelism are related to the New Testament evangelistic ministry, and analysed synoptically. The research results of this study show that Bonnke's understanding of evangelism and his practice of evangelism, during the gospel crusade in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, conform with each other. Bonnke's propagated and applied "Evangelism by Fire" shows him to be an evangelist orientated to the New Testament. Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Dissertation setzt sich mit Reinhard Bonnkes evangelistischem Dienst in Afrika auseinander und überprüft, inwiefern die von ihm bekannt gemachte ,,Evangelism by Fire" mit dem neutestamentlichen evangelistischen Dienst übereinstimmt. Die Ergebnisse aus einer Untersuchung des evangelistischen Dienstes im Neuen Testament, insbesondere des evangelistischen Dienstes des Philippus, bieten die Grundlage für einen Vergleich mit dem Evangelisationsverständnis und der Evangelisationspraxis Bonnkes. Eine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit Bonnkes Publikationen, insbesondere zum Thema Evangelisation, gibt einen systematischen Einblick in sein Verständnis des evangelistischen Dienstes. Um Reinhard Bonnkes Evangelisationsverständnis auf Übereinstimmung mit seiner Evangelisationspraxis zu überprüften, werden Experteninterviews zu seiner 2002 durchgeführten Großevangelisation in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, ausgewertet und mit seinem Evangelisationsverständnis verglichen. Schließlich werden die gewonnenen Forschungsergebnisse zu Bonnkes Evangelisationsverständnis und Evangelisationspraxis in Relation zum neutestamentlichen evangelistischen Dienst gesetzt und synoptisch ausgewertet. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Bonnkes Evangelisationsverständnis und seine Evangelisationspraxis während der Evangelisation in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, kongruieren. Die von Bonnke propagierte und praktizierte ,,Evangelism by Fire" offenbart ihn als Evangelisten mit neutestamentlicher Grundausrichtung. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / (D.Th.(Missiology))

This dissertation is devoted to the preparation and process of the Fifth Crusade, i.e. the stage from 1213, when it was declared by The Pope Innocent III. to 1221. It investigates the way of recruiting crusaders and the attitudes of the official representatives of the Church structures during the Crusade in relation to secular rulers. Their actions confronts with activities of other actors - from the Christian perspective primarily with the actions of Francis of Assisi. The dissertation evaluates benefit of his activities for the Crusade movement and for the future of the Franciscan order. The dissertation is also attempting to demonstrate the characteristic of the crusade given a Muslim environment including the Muslim perspective of Francis's actions and sermon. The epiloque describes the Crusade of Frederick II as the continuity of the Fifth Crusade. In the end there is a valorization of the results of the Crusade movement.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Moura.pdf: 245859 bytes, checksum: 58a93e3f1087e07c30872431baed31e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this research is to analyze the notion of childhood present in Infância ( Childhood ), a magazine published in Brazil by Cruzada Pró-Infância (Crusade for Childhood), an institution devoted to fighting child mortality and illiteracy as well as promoting the education of children. Its target constituency was upper class mothers who helped the Crusade to fulfill its objectives among the lower classes. The magazine was published in the city of São Paulo, with irregular frequency, in the years 1935-1937. Approximately half of the articles were signed by renowned physicians, educators, and helpers. Usually the texts were illustrated with photos or drawings, and a large amount of space was given to advertising. Products for men, women and children were advertised in the magazine. During the three years 18 issues were published, of which 15 were analyzed for this research. During that time, only the last issues mentioned the editor. The subjects discussed in the magazine were intended to convey to the general public scientific information mainly in the areas of health and education. Its aim was to urge parents, educators, and those who were interested in children s life conditions to work towards a prosperous, healthy, and educated nation, under the mottos an educated country is a wealthy country and the children of today are the adults of tomorrow . Therefore we conclude that, in its use of scientific information for lay persons, Infância magazine was a progressive publication in which psychology and education were given great prominence and recognition / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a noção de infância presente na revista Infância, publicada no Brasil pela Cruzada Pró-Infância, órgão com a finalidade de combater a mortalidade infantil e o analfabetismo e, promover da educação de crianças. Seu público-alvo eram as mães da classe alta que colaboravam com a Cruzada para cumprir seus objetivos entre as classes baixas. Essa revista foi publicada na cidade de São Paulo, com periodicidade irregular, nos anos de 1935 a 1937. Cerca de metade dos textos da revista foram assinados por renomados médicos, educadores e outros colaboradores. Em geral os textos eram ilustrados com fotos ou figuras e a publicidade tinha grande espaço na revista. Nela eram anunciados produtos para homens, mulheres e crianças. Nos três anos de publicação da revista foram lançados 18 números, dos quais 15 foram analisados na presente pesquisa. Durante os três anos, apenas nos últimos números foi mencionado um redator responsável. Os assuntos tratados na revista pretendiam revelar a população em geral conhecimentos científicos principalmente nas áreas de saúde e educação. Seu objetivo era que pais, educadores e todos aqueles interessados nas condições de vida das crianças pudessem trabalhar para a construção de um país próspero, sadio e culto, com o lema um país educado é um país rico; as crianças de hoje são os adultos de amanhã. Diante disso, concluímos que a revista Infância ao utilizar informações científicas para os leigos foi uma publicação de vanguarda e que a psicologia e a educação tiveram grande espaço e reconhecimento

This dissertation analyses Reinhard Bonnke's evangelistic ministry in Africa, and examines to what extent his propagated "Evangelism by Fire" conforms with the New Testament ministry of evangelism. The results of an analysis of the New Testament ministry of evangelism, especially of the evangelistic ministry of Philip, provide the basis for a comparison with Bonnke's understanding and practice of the evangelistic ministry. A thorough analysis of Bonnke's publications, especially those referring to the theme of evangelism, allows a systematic insight into his understanding of the evangelistic ministry. In order to examine the conformity between Reinhard Bonnke's understanding and his practice of evangelism, expert interviews referring to his gospel crusade in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, in 2002 are analysed, and compared to his understanding of evangelism. Finally, the findings about Bonnke's understanding and practice of evangelism are related to the New Testament evangelistic ministry, and analysed synoptically. The research results of this study show that Bonnke's understanding of evangelism and his practice of evangelism, during the gospel crusade in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, conform with each other. Bonnke's propagated and applied "Evangelism by Fire" shows him to be an evangelist orientated to the New Testament. Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Dissertation setzt sich mit Reinhard Bonnkes evangelistischem Dienst in Afrika auseinander und überprüft, inwiefern die von ihm bekannt gemachte ,,Evangelism by Fire" mit dem neutestamentlichen evangelistischen Dienst übereinstimmt. Die Ergebnisse aus einer Untersuchung des evangelistischen Dienstes im Neuen Testament, insbesondere des evangelistischen Dienstes des Philippus, bieten die Grundlage für einen Vergleich mit dem Evangelisationsverständnis und der Evangelisationspraxis Bonnkes. Eine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit Bonnkes Publikationen, insbesondere zum Thema Evangelisation, gibt einen systematischen Einblick in sein Verständnis des evangelistischen Dienstes. Um Reinhard Bonnkes Evangelisationsverständnis auf Übereinstimmung mit seiner Evangelisationspraxis zu überprüften, werden Experteninterviews zu seiner 2002 durchgeführten Großevangelisation in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, ausgewertet und mit seinem Evangelisationsverständnis verglichen. Schließlich werden die gewonnenen Forschungsergebnisse zu Bonnkes Evangelisationsverständnis und Evangelisationspraxis in Relation zum neutestamentlichen evangelistischen Dienst gesetzt und synoptisch ausgewertet. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Bonnkes Evangelisationsverständnis und seine Evangelisationspraxis während der Evangelisation in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, kongruieren. Die von Bonnke propagierte und praktizierte ,,Evangelism by Fire" offenbart ihn als Evangelisten mit neutestamentlicher Grundausrichtung. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / (D.Th.(Missiology))