Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao final CORRIGIDA POS DEFESA bruno.pdf: 1600495 bytes, checksum: cbb62e60517748529f04ae54537c61a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-30 / Considering the in vitro method of embryo production, field results have shown a lower resistance to cryopreservation for B. indicus, when compared to B. taurus embryos. A possible explanation for this is a great concentration of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of cells from B. indicus embryos. The objective of this study was to compare two cryoprotectants (Propanediol and DMSO) to vitrification and evaluate the effect of adding 10&#956;M Forskolin to the SOF medium for embryo culture prior to cryopreservation. For all the experiments, ovaries from slaughtered Nelore Bos indicus donors were recovered and maintained at 30-35°C in NaCl solution until recovery of the cumulus-oocyte complexes. Embryos submmited to vitrification were expanded blastocysts at day seven of in vitro culture. In the first experiment embryos were first incubated in 10% Ethylene Glycol (EG) plus 10% DMSO dissolved in holding medium (TCM-Hepes with 20% calf serum) for 1 min and then transferred to droplet of 20% EG plus 20% DMSO in holding medium and 0.5M sucrose for 20 seconds before immersing in liquid nitrogen (n = 107; group EG+DMSO). For the group EG+Propanediol (EG+PRO; n = 96) blastocysts were placed in 10% EG plus 10% PRO in holding medium for 1 min, and then transferred to a droplet of 20% EG plus 20% PRO in holding medium and 0.5M sucrose for 20 seconds before immersing in liquid nitrogen. Both treatments were performed using the Cryotop system. Results were compared with embryos (n = 118) not submitted to cryopreservation. The evaluation was done by the hatching rate of blastocysts at Day 9, being higher (86.4%) for embryos not cryopreserved, when comparing to 77.1% for group EG+PRO and 72.9% for group EG+DMSO (P<0.05). In the second experiment, day 5 embryos obtained in vitro from Nelore donors were cultured using SOF medium with 10&#956;M Forskolin (n = 112) or not (control; n = 101), being all submitted to cryopreservation using Cryotop and the same vitrification method for group EG+DMSO. Results were compared with embryos cultured with SOF medium and not submitted to cryopreservation (n = 96). The evaluation was performed by considering hatching rate at Day 9, being higher - 85.4% - for not cryopreserved, when compared with 63.3% for control and 70.5% for Forskolin group (P<0.05). Considering embryos submitted to cryopreservation, the hatching rate was higher (P<0.05) for Forskolin group. / Os embriões bovinos de raças zebuínas produzidos in vitro (PIV) são mais sensíveis ao congelamento, devido, em parte, ao acúmulo de gotas lipídicas no citoplasma das células embrionárias. A criopreservação de embriões é um passo fundamental para a aplicação prática de outras técnicas de embriologia nos animais domésticos. Além disso, o sucesso da criopreservação de embriões Nelore PIV é fundamental para o desenvolvimento da comercialização de material genético nos mercados interno e externo. Neste trabalho, foram conduzidos dois experimentos: no primeiro, o objetivo foi avaliar a taxa de eclosão de embriões bovinos da raça Nelore PIV vitrificados no estágio de blastocisto expandido (Bx) empregando a metodologia CRYOTOP com o uso das soluções Etileno Glicol (EG) + Dimetil Sulfóxido (DMSO) e EG + 1,2 Propanediol (PRO). No segundo experimento, objetivou-se determinar a taxa de eclosão de embriões bovinos da raça Nelore PIV cultivados ou não em meio contendo 10 &#956;M do agente lipolítico forskolin, vitrificados no estágio de BX. No experimento 1, a taxa de eclosão dos embriões do grupo não vitrificado (G3) foi de 86,4%, superior (P<0,05) aos grupos vitrificados, os quais apresentaram taxas de eclosão de 77,1% e 72,9% nos grupos G1 (EG+PRO) e G2 (EG+DMSO), respectivamente. No experimento 2 observou-se maior viabilidade (P<0,05) do G3-F (grupo não vitrificado; 85,4%) em relação ao G1-F (cultivo com SOF controle; 63,3%) e ao G2-F (cultivo com forskolin; 70,5%). Entre os grupos vitrificados, os embriões cultivados com forskolin obtiveram taxa de eclosão superior ao grupo não tratado (P<0,05). Sendo assim, conclui-se que as soluções de EG+PRO e EG+DMSO apresentaram resultados semelhantes na vitrificação de embriões PIV de bovinos e o uso do agente lipolítico forskolin no cultivo de embriões PIV de bovinos da raça Nelore pode melhorar a criotolerância dos embriões.

The overall objectives of this thesis were to develop a short-term culture system and to examine the effects of vitrification and short-term culture on the viability of fresh and vitrified bovine ovarian tissue and the follicles within. The first objective was to compare the health and development of preantral follicles in bovine ovarian tissue, as well as the neovascularization of these tissues, subjected to avian chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) culture with the traditional in vitro culture system. We hypothesized that the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chicken embryo is a 
more suitable culture system than traditional in vitro culture. Bovine ovaries were retrieved from a local abattoir and cortical pieces (1-2mm3) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups; control (fixed immediately), CAM or in in vitro culture. Ovarian tissue fragments from both groups were removed on D1, D3 and D5 of culture, fixed, sectioned (5μm) and stained with H&E. The numbers of healthy and degenerated follicles, primordial and activated preantral (primary and secondary), and the number of infiltrated bovine and avian blood vessels were determined using standard stereological procedures. All grafts placed on the traumatized CAM demonstrated increased neovascularization over time. The healthy primordial follicle density decreased over time concomitant with an increase in degenerated (primordial and activated preantral) follicles in both treatment groups. Healthy activated preantral follicle density did not differ between the two culture systems at a given time. In CAM group, blood vessel density increased over time (p = 0.015). The second objective of this thesis was to develop a suitable vitrification protocol for bovine ovarian tissue. The viability of bovine ovarian tissue vitrified using two non-permeating cryoprotectants (sucrose and trehalose) and two cryodevices (cryotop and cryovial) was assessed. We hypothesized that during vitrification the higher cooling rate on the cryotop (open vitrification method) will yield better post-thaw viability of bovine ovarian tissue as compared to the cryovial (closed vitrification method). We also hypothesized that trehalose is a superior non-permeating cryoprotectant to sucrose for vitrification of bovine ovarian tissue. The ovarian tissue was fragmented (1-2mm3) and divided into 6 different treatment groups. Tissues were vitrified in TCM199 supplemented with 15% EG, 15% DMSO, 20% calf serum and 0.5M sucrose or trehalose then placed in a cryovial or on a cryotop. After warming, the vitrified tissues were either immediately placed in 10% formalin (control) or on the chorioallantoic membrane of a 10-day old chicken embryo for 5 days. Follicles from control and vitrified tissue were observed under a light microscope for normal morphology and the total, normal and degenerated follicle densities were determined by standard stereological procedures. Sucrose and trehalose did not differ, nor was a difference observed between the cryovial and the cryotop for total, healthy or degenerated follicle density. Proportion of healthy follicles was higher in the control than all treatment tissues grafted to the CAM. All grafts placed on the traumatized CAM demonstrated presence of avian erythrocytes in the blood vessels after 5 days, but no difference was observed for blood vessel density among treatments. Lastly, the cooling rate of bovine ovarian tissue subjected to open and closed system devices for vitrification was evaluated. A thermocouple wire was used to determine the cooling velocity of 1-2mm3 fragments of bovine ovarian tissue placed on a cryotop (open system) or in a sealed cryovial (closed system). The cooling rate of tissues on the cryotop and in the cryovial was 7481±205.9° C/min and 664±26.0° C/min respectively. In conclusion, the CAM supported the bovine ovarian tissue, thus the CAM culture system may be considered an acceptable alternative to traditional in vitro culture system for bovine ovarian tissue. Furthermore, angiogenesis may be an additional indication of ovarian tissue health. The hypotheses of our second study were refuted. Results indicated that sucrose and trehalose, and the cryotop and cryovial were equally effective in vitrifying bovine ovarian tissue.