abstract: Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) has potential for electronic applications as an electron emitter and serving as a base material for diodes, transistors, etc. However, there has been limited research on c-BN reported, and many of the electronic properties of c-BN and c-BN interfaces have yet to be reported. This dissertation focused on probing thin film c-BN deposited via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with in situ photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). PES measurements were used to characterize the electronic properties of c-BN films and interfaces with vacuum and diamond. First, the interface between c-BN and vacuum were characterized with ultraviolet PES (UPS). UPS measurements indicated that as-deposited c-BN, H2 plasma treated c-BN, and annealed c-BN post H2 plasma treatment exhibited negative electron affinity surfaces. A dipole model suggested dipoles from H-terminated N surface sites were found to be responsible for the NEA surface. Then, Si was introduced into c-BN films to realize n-type doped c-BN. The valence structure and work function of c-BN:Si films were characterized with XPS and UPS measurements. Measurements were unable to confirm n-type character, and it is concluded that silicon nitride formation was the primary effect for the observations. Finally, XPS measurements were employed to measure the band offsets at the c-BN/diamond interface. Measurements indicated the valence band maximum (VBM) of c-BN was positioned ~0.8 eV above the VBM of diamond. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physics 2016

Algebraic geometric codes were first introduced by V.D.Goppa . They were well recognized and developed by Tsfasman, Vladut and Zink because they have parameters better than Gilbert-Varshmov bound and thus giving rise to Tsfasman Vladut-Zink bound. While the codes given by Ihara, Tsfasman, Vladut and Zink have complicated construction, Garcia and Stichtenoth on the other hand gave an explicit construction of codes attaining Tsfasman-Vlasut-Zink bound using the terminology of function fields. In coding theory one of the challenging problem is to find a sequence of cyclic codes that are asymptotically good. While this has not been achieved, Stichtenoth generalized cyclic codes to transitive codes and constructed a sequence of asymptotically good transitive codes on algebraic function fields over quadratic finite fields that attain Tsfasman-Vladut-Zink bound. In the case of cubic finite fields, Bezerra, Garcia and Stichtenoth constructed a tower of function fields over cubic finite fields whose limit attains a lower bound and the codes constructed over this tower turns out to be asymptotically good attaining a positive lower bound. Bassa used this tower and constructed quasi transitive codes which are a generalization of transitive codes and proved that they are also asymptotically good and attain the same positive lower bound. Later Bassa, Garcia and Stichtenoth constructed a new tower of function fields over cubic finite fields whose structure is less complicated compared to that of Bezerra, Garcia and Stichtenoths' and proved that codes constructed over it also attain the same positive lower bound. In this work along the lines of Bassa and Stichtenoth we construct quasi transitive codes over the tower given by Bassa, Garcia and Stichtenoth and prove that these quasi transitive codes are also asymptotically good and also attain the same lower bound.

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-12T12:40:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 10835500 bytes, checksum: 1e6ccb78ae2f66141a0c4ac238f0245c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T12:40:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 10835500 bytes, checksum: 1e6ccb78ae2f66141a0c4ac238f0245c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-12 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This work is a computational mapping of the phase space of iterated maps. Initially, a review of the real Hénon map is presented, aiming at the identification of patterns in the stability regions of the parameter space. Then, the algorithm developed is extended to allow complex variables, while still requiring parameters to be real. This procedure permits the observation of different stable loci in phase space. Finally, developed tools and observations are applied in a comparative study of the generalized cubic Hénon map. / Este trabalho lida com o mapeamento computacional do espaço de fase de mapas iterativos. Inicialmente é feita uma revisão sobre o mapa de Hénon real, tendo por objetivo a identificação de padrões nas regiões de estabilidade de seu espaço de parâmetros. Em seguida, o algoritmo desenvolvido para tal intento é estendido para o caso em que as variáveis da transformação são considerados como números complexos. Os parâmetros, contudo, serão mantidos no domínio dos reais durante esse processo. Esse procedimento permitirá a observação de áreas estáveis antes não encontradas no espaço de fase. Por fim, as ferramentas e observações feitas serão utilizadas para o estudo do mapa generalizado de Hénon de ordem cúbica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 610342 bytes, checksum: f21a218652f285a264f80225f01a6011 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we study cubic surfaces in P3. More specically, we take care to count the number of lines on these surfaces. In chapter one we proved that the number of lines on a non-singular cubic surface in P3 is 27. In chapter two, as the motivation for chapter three, we focused in the classifcation of singularities of plane curves. For the singular case, discussed in chapter three, we used two algorithm to compute the number of lines. The first one consists in to divide the computation in six packages, which are actually the open set of the grassmannian G(2; 4), and in each open set we count the lines contained on the given surface. The second algorithm consists of dividing the lines on S in two packages: The package of lines passing through P and those lines that not passing through P but they are contained in a plane that contain some line passing through P, here P is an isolated singularity of the given surface. / Neste trabalho estudamos as superfícies cúbicas em P3. Mais precisamente, nos preocupamos em contabilizar o número de retas sobre estas superfícies. No capítulo um provamos o conhecido resultado que afirma que o número de retas sobre uma superfície cúbica não singular em P3 é 27. No capítulo dois, como motivação para o capítulo três, é abordada a classificação das singularidades de curvas planas. Para o caso singular, abordado no capítulo três, utilizamos dois algoritmos para contar as retas. O primeiro consiste em dividir as retas em seis pacotes, que na verdade são os abertos que cobrem a grassmanniana G(2; 4), e em cada pacote contamos as retas que estão sobre a superfície dada. O segundo algoritmo consiste em dividir as retas sobre S em dois pacotes: O pacote das retas que passam por P e o pacote das retas que não passam por P, sendo P uma singularidade isolada da superfície em questão.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-12T19:51:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Elizane Efigenia de Moraes.pdf: 9079354 bytes, checksum: 7ee5a581c6d0b14cdc6b518cd6aa7276 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-12T19:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Elizane Efigenia de Moraes.pdf: 9079354 bytes, checksum: 7ee5a581c6d0b14cdc6b518cd6aa7276 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30 / Nesta dissertação estudamos as propriedades de transporte do nitreto de boro cúbico (cBN, para a sigla em inglês) com as superfícies de uma amostra de quatro camadas passivadas com hidrogênio: em uma superfície o H se liga ao B e na outra ao N. As características do transporte são investigadas com a introdução de dois eletrodos de ouro (Au), em equilíbrio eletrostático com a amostra e submetidos a uma diferença de potencial V em intervalos de interesse: 0:2 V 0:2, 1 V 1 e 3 V 3. O teste de tunelamento com voltagem nula também foi realizado. As principais propriedades observadas são brevemente relatadas em seguida: (i) Os eletrodos são idênticos (no cálculo inicial do programa Siesta adicionamos uma camada "tampão"de átomos, a qual é desconsiderada no programa Transiesta-propriedades de transporte. A simetria dos eletrodos (esquerda e direita) se manifesta com PDOS idênticos para voltagem nula nos intervalos de energia investigados; (ii) A característica I-V (corrente versus voltagem) da amostra apresenta um pico acentuado para V 0:25. A origem deste pico é atribuída à ocorrência do nível quase localizado do H, situado abaixo do nível de Fermi e hibridizado com estados sp3 do B, como evidenciado no cálculo de DFT (Siesta) da estrutura eletrônica e densidade de estados do sistema de quatro camadas. De fato, uma análise dos PDOS dos eletrodos e da amostra sugere que esta interpretação é compatível com o cálculo numérico do Transiesta para o tunelamento através da amostra e o cálculo das características IV através da Fórmula de Landauer-Büttiker: na configuração de equilíbrio mencionada, as correntes máximas obtidas foram Imax(V = 0:25 Volts ) = 163 pico Ampéres (pA) e Imax(V = 2:5 ) = 380 pA. (iii) Enfatizamos que, no intervalo 0:2 V 0:2 a característica IV é muito semelhante àquela observada em diodos de junção p-n. Por outro lado, no intervalo 3 V 3 a retificação é bem menos efetiva para jV > 0:2j ; (iV) outra observação de destaque é o aumento da corrente, isto é, jImax(V = 0:8 )j = 9:85 nano Ampéres (nA) quando a distância dos eletrodos e a amostra é diminuída. Os resultados sugerem o prosseguimento e o aprofundamento das investigações, tendo em vista o uso potencial do cBN passivado com hidrogênio em dispositivos eletrônicos. / In this thesis we study the transport properties of cubic boron nitride (cBN) with the surfaces of a sample of four layers hydrogen terminated hydrogen: on a surface, H binds to B and on the other, to N. The characteristics of the transport are investigated after the introduction of two gold electrodes in an electrostatic equilibrium with the sample and subjected to a potential difference V in intervals of interest:0:2 V 0:2, 1 V 1 e 3 V 3. Tunneling test with zero voltage was also made. The main observed properties are reported briefly: (i) the electrodes are identical (within a layer buffer atoms only considered in the initial calculation Siesta program, to simulate a bulk behavior, therefore it is not considered in Transiesta program, that is, for the calculation of transport properties). The symmetry of electrodes (left and right) manifests with identical PDOS to zero voltage in between the energy intervals investigated; (ii) The IV characteristic (current versus voltage) of the sample shows a sharp peak for V 0:25. The origin of this peak is attributed to the occurrence of nearly located H level, situated below the Fermi level and hybridized with sp3 states of B, and evidenced in the DFT calculation (Siesta) of the electronic structure and density of states of the four layer system. The PDOS electrode and the sample analyses suggest that this interpretation is compatible with Transiesta numerical calculation of the tunneling through the sample and to calculate the current versus voltage I (V) by the Landauer-Büttiker formula: the aforementioned balance setting, the maximum currents obtained were Imax(V = 0:25 Volts ) = 163 peak amps (pA) and Imax(V = 2:5 ) = 380 pA; (iii) - Another important observation was the increase in current, i.e. jImax(V = 0:8 )j = 9:85 nano amps (nA) when the distance of the electrodes and the sample is reduced. The results suggest the continuation and deepening of the study, considering the potential use of CBN passivated with hydrogen in electronic devices.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-22T13:40:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tulio Marcio Gentil dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 1903129 bytes, checksum: 68678e5a2933f0e40216c1e1181aa7bc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-22T13:40:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tulio Marcio Gentil dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 1903129 bytes, checksum: 68678e5a2933f0e40216c1e1181aa7bc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T13:40:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tulio Marcio Gentil dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 1903129 bytes, checksum: 68678e5a2933f0e40216c1e1181aa7bc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Let $F_d$ be the free group of rank $d$, freely generated by $\{y_1,...,y_d\}$, $\mathbb{D}F_d$ the group ring over an integral domain $\mathbb{D}$, $E_d$ subset of $F_d$ containing $\{y_1,...,y_d\}$, $p_s(x)=x^n+c_{s,n-1}x^{n-1}+...+c_{s,1}x+c_{s,0} \in \mathbb{D}[x]$ a monic polynomial and the quotient ring $$A(d,n,E_d)=\frac{\mathbb{D}F_d}{\langle p_s(s):s\in E_d \rangle_{ideal}}.$$ When $p_s(s)$ is cubic for all $s$, we construct a finite set $E_d$ such that $A(d,n,E_d)$ has finite rank over an extension of $\mathbb{D}$. In the case where all polynomials are equal to $(x-1)^3$ and $\mathbb{D}=\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{6}]$ we construct a finite subset $P_d$ of $F_d$ such that $A(d,3,P_d)$ has finite $\mathbb{D}$-rank and its augmentation ideal is nilponte. Furthermore $(x-1)^3$is satisfied by all elements in the image of $F_2$ in $A(2,3,P_2)$. / Sejam $F_d$ um grupo livre de posto $d$, livremente gerado por $\{y_1,...,y_d\}$, $\mathbb{D}F_d$ o anel de grupo sobre o domínio de integridade $\mathbb{D}$, $E_d$ subconjunto de $F_d$ contendo $\{y_1,...,y_d\}$, $p_s(x)=x^n+c_{s,n-1}x^{n-1}+...+c_{s,1}x+c_{s,0} \in \mathbb{D}[x]$ e o anel quociente $$A(d,n,E_d)=\frac{\mathbb{D}F_d}{\langle p_s(s):s\in E_d \rangle_{ideal}}.$$ Quando $p_s(s)$ é cúbico para todo $s$, construímos um conjunto finito $E_d$ tal que $A(d,n,E_d)$ tem posto finito sobre uma extensão de $\mathbb{D}$. No caso em que todos os polinômios são iguais a $(x-1)^3$ e $\mathbb{D}=\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{6}]$, construímos um subconjunto finito $P_d$ de $F_d$ tal que $A(d,3,P_d)$ tem $\mathbb{D}$-posto finito e seu ideal de aumento é nilpotente. Além disso $(x-1)^3$ é satisfeita por todos elementos na imagem de $F_2$ em $A(2,3,P_2)$.

Seja p um primo, considere q = pe com e ≥ 1 inteiro. Dado o polinômio f (x) = x4+ax3+bx2+ cx+d ∈ Fq[x], consideremos o polinômio F(T) = T4 +aT3 +bT2 +cT + d - y ∈ Fq(y)[T], com y = f (x) sobre Fq(y). O objetivo desse trabalho é determinar o número de polinômios f (x) que tem seu grupo de galois associado GF isomorfo a cada subgrupo transitivo (prefixado) de S4. O trabalho foi baseado no artigo: Galois closures of quartic sub-fields of rational function fields, usando equações auxiliares associadas ao polinômio minimal F(T) de graus 3 e 2 (DUMMIT, 1994); bem como uma caraterização das curvas projetivas planas de grau 2 não singulares. Se car(k) ≠ 2, associamos a F(T) sua cúbica resolvente RF(T) e seu discriminante ΔF. Em seguida obtemos condições para GF ≅ C4 (vide Teorema 2.9), que é ocaso fundamental para determinação dos demais casos. Se car(k) = 2, procuramos determinar condições para GRF ≅ A3, associando ao polinômio RF(T) sua quadrática resolvente P(T) (vide a Proposição 2.13). Apos ter homogeneizado P(T), usamos uma das consequências do teorema de Bézout, a saber, uma curva algébrica projetiva plana C de grau 2 é irredutível se, e somente se, C não tem pontos singulares. Nesta dissertação obtemos resultados semelhantes com uma abordagem relativamente diferente daquela usada pelo autor R. Valentini. / Let be p a prime, q = pe whit e ≥ 1 integer. Let a polynomial f (x) = x4+ax3+bx2+cx+d ∈ Fq[x], considering the polynomial F(T)=T4+aT3+bT2+cT +d, with y= f (x) over Fq(y)[T]. The purpose of the current research is to determine the numbers of polynomials f (x) which have its associated Galois group GF, this GF is isomorphic for each transitive subgroup (prefixed) of A4. This project is based on the article: Galois closures of quartic sub-fields of rational function fields, using auxiliary equations associated to the minimal polynomial F(T) of degrees 3 and 2 (DUMMIT, 1994); besides a characterization of non-singular projective plane curves of degree 2 was used. If car(k) ≠ 2, associated to F(T) the resolvent cubic RF(T) and its discriminant ΔF then conditions for GF are obtained as GF ≅ C4 which is the fundamental case for determining the other cases (Theorem 2.9). If car(k) = 2, to find conditions for GRF ≅ A3, associated to the polynomial RF(T) its resolvent quadratic p(T) (Proposition 2.13). Homogenizing p(T), one of the consequences of the Bezout theorem was applied. It is, a projective plane curve C, which grade 2, is irreducible if and only if C is smooth. In the current dissertation, similar results were obtained using a different approach developed by the author R. Valentini.

Berge and Fulkerson conjectured that for each cubic bridgeless graph there are six perfect matchings such that each edge is contained in exactly two of them. Another conjecture due to Berge says that we can cover cubic bridgeless graphs by five perfect matchings. Both conjectures are studied for over forty years. Abreu et al. [2016] introduce a new class of graphs (called treelike snarks) which cannot be covered by less then five perfect matchings. We show that their lower bound on number of perfect matchings is tight. Moreover we prove that a bigger class of cubic bridgeless graphs admits Berge conjecture. Finally, we also show that Berge-Fulkerson conjecture holds for treelike snarks.

No description available.

A soil profile was taken close to Skellefteå in Västerbotten, northern Sweden. The profile has an upper oxidised zone, 30 cm thick, underlain by a transitions zone, in this paper called accumulation zone, and a reduced zone at 160 cm depth. pH was measured in the field and samples from all zones were analysed for major and trace elements by ICP-SFMS. A batch test was performed on samples from the three zones. Optical microscopy and SEM were used to study mineralogy, focusing on the occurrence of framboidal pyrite. The results were compared with those of profiles in the Luleåarea further north, studied earlier. The results clearly show that the sampled soil profile in the Skellefteå area is of similar types as the soils in the Luleå area. A distinct upper oxidation zone has been developed in all profiles with a strong depletion of S, due to oxidation of iron sulphides when these sediments have been exposed to atmospheric oxygen. This oxidation appears to be stronger in the Luleå profiles than in theSkellefteå profile, possibly because they have oxidised a longer time. All the Luleå profiles and theSkellefteå profiles are acid sulphate soils. There is a depletion of sulphide-associated trace elements such as Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the oxidation zone due to the oxidation of iron sulphides with subsequent low pH and leaching. This depletion is more pronounced in the Luleå profiles than in the Skellefteå profile. There is a tendency for secondary accumulation in the accumulation zone, in the Skellefteå profile close to the groundwater table in particular. The batch test in the Skellefteå profile allowed for the observation that the highest concentrations occurred at the groundwater level. Framboidal pyrite occurs in the Skellefteå profile as well as in the Luleå profiles. In the Skellefteåprofile there is a positive correlation between organic matter, shells and framboidal pyrite, illustrating that organic matter was important for the formation of framboidal pyrite. Although most of the pyrite has been oxidized and dissolved in the oxidized zone, there was still some framboidal pyrite left, possibly protected by shells and organic matter.