As the structure of the American family changes, it is becoming more common for children to be raised by their grandparents. In fact, over the past 40 years, there has been a 50% increase in grandparent-headed homes in the US (Ellis and Simmons, 2014). Custodial grandparents, who provide primary caregiving responsibilities for their grandchildren, often become responsible for their grandchildren due to distressing situations and report many social-emotional, physical, and psychological difficulties (e.g., Hayslip and Kaminski, 2005). Additionally, children of custodial grandparents have been found to have significantly more emotional and behavioral problems than non-custodial grandchildren (Smith and Palmieri, 2007). The main parenting resource for this population is often support-groups, which often do not provide needed assistance with discipline and behavior management. The overall purpose of this study was to adapt Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) to custodial grandparents, using a consumer-oriented approach. The study was completed in three discrete stages. During Stage 1, qualitative interviews with custodial grandparents were completed to collect further information about custodial grandparents' experience parenting their grandchildren, use of parenting resources, and opinion of parenting strategies and PCIT. Findings from this stage indicated that custodial grandparents were amenable to PCIT procedures, but experienced significant barriers in accessing parenting services. Due to these barriers, a service delivery adaptation was developed and an online intervention was created (Stage 2) to transcend treatment barriers. Finally, during Stage 3, this online intervention was tested in a small single-subject design pilot study. Multiple metrics supported the feasibility, accessibility, satisfaction, and initial treatment efficacy of this intervention. All participants demonstrated clinically significant reductions in at least two symptom measures and reported satisfaction with the online intervention. Overall, results provide preliminary support for the use of online interventions to teach PCIT strategies and support future research on online interventions for this population. / Ph. D. / The overall purpose of this study was to adapt Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) to custodial grandparents, using a consumer-oriented approach. The study was completed in three stages. During Stage 1, interviews with custodial grandparents were completed to collect further information about custodial grandparents’ experience parenting their grandchildren, use of parenting resources, and opinion of parenting strategies and PCIT. Findings from this stage indicated that custodial grandparents were amenable to PCIT procedures, but experienced significant barriers to accessing parenting services. Due to these barriers, a service delivery adaptation was developed, and an online intervention was created (Stage 2) to transcend treatment barriers. Finally, during Stage 3, this online intervention was tested in a small pilot study. Multiple metrics supported the feasibility, accessibility, satisfaction, and initial treatment efficacy of this intervention. Overall, results provide preliminary support for the use of online interventions to teach PCIT strategies and support future research on online interventions for this population.

The parenting literature has long explored the influence that socioeconomic status has on parenting practices, but more recent theorists have suggested that contextual factors may influence or explain this relation in some capacity. The current study sought to explore the influence of these contextual factors within a nationwide sample of caregiving grandparents. The results indicate that grandparental financial well-being, depressive symptoms, scarcity of resources, and grandparenting practices share significant associations. Further, contextual factors (i.e., grandparental depressive symptoms and access to resources) mediate the relation between financial well-being and both the positive and negative grandparenting practices that are employed. These findings suggest that there are additional factors that may better explain differences in parenting practices employed by a group of caregivers who are typically within lower socioeconomic strata. This may allow for more targeted interventions to further support a large proportion of child caregivers.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2017-01-26T16:15:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_DesafiosBibliotecaPublica.pdf: 5405956 bytes, checksum: e46285ac17a333a092a0a7540213f3b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2017-01-26T16:16:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_DesafiosBibliotecaPublica.pdf: 5405956 bytes, checksum: e46285ac17a333a092a0a7540213f3b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T16:16:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_DesafiosBibliotecaPublica.pdf: 5405956 bytes, checksum: e46285ac17a333a092a0a7540213f3b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia / Estudo comparativo de bibliotecas públicas situadas no Porto, em Portugal, e em Belém do Pará, no Brasil, a fim de investigar a sua permanência, em virtude do impacto causado pelas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) na era da informação. Para isso, analisa a mediação praticada nas bibliotecas, caracterizando-a conforme o modelo adotado, custodial ou pós-custodial. Utiliza o método científico quadripolar, com aplicação da estratégia de estudo de caso, técnica de observação, entrevistas e análise de relatórios. Pretende analisar as estratégias que serão utilizadas para assegurar o futuro das bibliotecas públicas. Constata que essas instituições têm um importante papel como espaço público e ponto de encontro da comunidade. Os resultados da pesquisa realçam o valor da biblioteca pública enquanto instituição social que reúne pessoas de todas as idades, gênero, situação social, intelectual e outras, democraticamente, promovendo o acesso à informação demandada, com a utilização de suportes impressos e eletrônicos. A mediação tradicional ainda é utilizada juntamente com a mediação digital, que se encontra em fase inicial nas bibliotecas investigadas, com exceção de duas bibliotecas que ainda utilizam somente a mediação tradicional, ou seja, o modelo custodial de mediação. É recomendada a capacitação dos mediadores para a intensificação da mediação digital, o uso dos serviços nas redes sociais com a utilização das ferramentas da web 2.0 e o aperfeiçoamento do catálogo eletrônico. O acesso à Internet deve ser oferecido com melhor qualidade tanto aos usuários, quanto aos mediadores. A mediação digital é apontada como um dos fatores que possibilitará a continuação da instituição biblioteca pública enquanto espaço de sociabilidade. / Comparative study of public libraries located in Porto, in Portugal and in the city of Belem, in Brazil, conducted in order to investigate their resilience in spite of the impact caused by the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) over the Age of Information. For this purpose, it analyzes the mediation practiced in libraries and classifies them into a post-custodial or custodial model. The scientific quadrupole method is used, along with the case study strategy, plus the observation technique, interviews and the analysis of reports. The study intends to analyze which strategies will be used for the future of public libraries. It also concludes that this institution has an important role as a public space and a meeting point for the community. The survey outcome enhanced the value of the public library as a social institution that brings together people of all ages, gender, social or intellectual status in a democratic way, in order to promote access to the information in demand, with the help of printed and electronic materials. The traditional mediation is still used along with digital mediation, which is at an early stage in the libraries surveyed, with the exception of two libraries that still use only the traditional mediation, that is, the custodial model of mediation.It is highly recommended the training of mediators with the purpose of intensifying digital mediation, using services in social networks with the help of web 2.0 tools and improving the electronic catalog. Internet access should be provided for both users and mediators with good quality, for digital mediationis seen as one of the factors that will enable the public library resistance as a social space.

Blockchains, smart contracts and cryptocurrencies are reaching further global adoption each day and are becoming more prominent to be the foundation for a new technological era and to be used in transactions globally. The technology has strong coherent properties, including a high level of security, decentralization, and its use of smart contracts to obviate intermediaries. These technologies offer the possibility to do any transaction without a centralized bank controlling, denying, or reversing the transaction. This report aims to shed light on blockchain technologies possible impact on society and if the current centralized-based system can be replaced or if it is deemed as necessary. What the potential outcome would be if these centralized authorities sees a decrease in power and how blockchains, smart contracts and stablecoins can be used as an everyday payment and transaction system, excluding all third parties. To do this, a literature review, a quantitative survey, and qualitative interviews were conducted. The literature review, to lay the ground for the questions in the survey, interviews, and additionally, to determine what blockchain and what kind of stablecoin is most suited for global adoption. The result from the qualitative interview were to acquire knowledge from more experienced individuals working or owning a company that is based on top of blockchains. Lastly, considering blockchain technology and web 3.0 is still under development and yet to become globally accepted, the questionnaire survey was conducted to retrieve the general consensus from individuals inside crypto communities. The report overall, came out to be successful, indicating that blockchain technologies has a bright future and that the decentralization it adds to society can benefit the individual in multiple of different ways, specifically in the financial sector. However, although the conclusion that blockchain technologies can be used as a global payment system were deemed successful, objective, and subjective opinions were discussed and reported relevant, whereas one individual might view the exclusion of intermediaries as necessary and beneficial, while the other – as something negative. Scalability issues in blockchains and smart contracts controversy, such as its complexity and its immutability aspect are also analyzed and discussed as a potential hindrance for further global adoption.

Nosso trabalho consiste em produzir uma edição crítica e investigar a história, modo de composição e transmissão da obra inédita Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal. Inicialmente, este trabalho se dedicou a uma cópia manuscrita do século XIX, depositada no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. A análise das referências bibliográficas de cada verbete e sistema de escrita nos convenceu de que a obra original teria sido composta no século XVIII. O estudo desta cópia levou-nos a encontrar o manuscrito original localizado na Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, sob a autoria de Pedro José da Fonseca (1737-1816), professor do Colégio dos Nobres, membro fundador e diretor da tipografia da Academia, fundada em 1779. Manoel José Maria da Costa e Sá, Oficial Maior da Secretaria dos Negócios da Marinha e Ultramar, é quem entendemos ser o autor da cópia manuscrita do IHGB, sua trajetória é muito desconhecida e pudemos aclará-la. Também tratamos da participação nessa história do Conselheiro Antônio Menezes Vasconcellos de Drummond, que trouxe para o IHGB a cópia feita pelo amigo Costa e Sá. Uma rede transatlântica envolvendo homens de letras em Portugal e no Brasil se torna clara através deste estudo, mostrando que o Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal é uma sólida janela através da qual podemos muito bem mirar a história da Cultura Escrita nos séculos XVIII e XIX. / Our work consists in the production of a critical edition and the investigation of the history, composition, and transmission of the unpublished Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal (Dictionary of Antiquities of Portugal). Initially, our work was focused on a single manuscript, a copy from the 19th century, deposited in the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute (IHGB). The analysis of the bibliographic references pertaining to each entry of the dictionary and the writing system convinced us that the original work was written in the 18th century. The study of this copy led us to find the original manuscript located in the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, under the authorship of Pedro José da Fonseca (1737-1816), who was professor at the College of Nobles, founding member and director of typography in the Academy, founded in 1779. Manoel José Maria da Costa e Sá, Higher Official at the Secretary for the Navy and Overseas Affairs, is the man who we understand to be the author of the manuscript copy belonging to the IHGB; his trajectory is quite unclear and we were able to shed some light upon it. We have also approached the participation in the story of Counselor Antônio Menezes Vasconcellos de Drummond; he brought to the IHGB the copy made by his friend Costa e Sá. A transatlantic network involving Portuguese and Brazilian men of letters becomes clear through this study, rendering it patent that the Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal is a steadfast window throughout which we can very well gaze upon the history of Literate Culture in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Nosso trabalho consiste em produzir uma edição crítica e investigar a história, modo de composição e transmissão da obra inédita Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal. Inicialmente, este trabalho se dedicou a uma cópia manuscrita do século XIX, depositada no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. A análise das referências bibliográficas de cada verbete e sistema de escrita nos convenceu de que a obra original teria sido composta no século XVIII. O estudo desta cópia levou-nos a encontrar o manuscrito original localizado na Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, sob a autoria de Pedro José da Fonseca (1737-1816), professor do Colégio dos Nobres, membro fundador e diretor da tipografia da Academia, fundada em 1779. Manoel José Maria da Costa e Sá, Oficial Maior da Secretaria dos Negócios da Marinha e Ultramar, é quem entendemos ser o autor da cópia manuscrita do IHGB, sua trajetória é muito desconhecida e pudemos aclará-la. Também tratamos da participação nessa história do Conselheiro Antônio Menezes Vasconcellos de Drummond, que trouxe para o IHGB a cópia feita pelo amigo Costa e Sá. Uma rede transatlântica envolvendo homens de letras em Portugal e no Brasil se torna clara através deste estudo, mostrando que o Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal é uma sólida janela através da qual podemos muito bem mirar a história da Cultura Escrita nos séculos XVIII e XIX. / Our work consists in the production of a critical edition and the investigation of the history, composition, and transmission of the unpublished Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal (Dictionary of Antiquities of Portugal). Initially, our work was focused on a single manuscript, a copy from the 19th century, deposited in the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute (IHGB). The analysis of the bibliographic references pertaining to each entry of the dictionary and the writing system convinced us that the original work was written in the 18th century. The study of this copy led us to find the original manuscript located in the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, under the authorship of Pedro José da Fonseca (1737-1816), who was professor at the College of Nobles, founding member and director of typography in the Academy, founded in 1779. Manoel José Maria da Costa e Sá, Higher Official at the Secretary for the Navy and Overseas Affairs, is the man who we understand to be the author of the manuscript copy belonging to the IHGB; his trajectory is quite unclear and we were able to shed some light upon it. We have also approached the participation in the story of Counselor Antônio Menezes Vasconcellos de Drummond; he brought to the IHGB the copy made by his friend Costa e Sá. A transatlantic network involving Portuguese and Brazilian men of letters becomes clear through this study, rendering it patent that the Diccionario das Antiguidades de Portugal is a steadfast window throughout which we can very well gaze upon the history of Literate Culture in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Grandparent-headed families are diverse in nature and represent a rapidly growing family type. While challenges facing grandparent caregivers are well documented, less is known about the well-being of their grandchildren, with many early studies relying on small samples of convenience. This study used an existing large national database, the National Survey of America's Families (NSAF), to compare differences in well-being of both children and grandparent caregivers across the independent variables of family type, ethnicity, gender, and age. Findings suggested better mental health and less parental aggravation for caregivers in traditional two parent intact families as compared to grandparents co-parenting in a multi-generation home, skipped generation grandparents (raising their grandchild with no parent present) or single parents. Skipped generation grandparents in particular reported most caregiver aggravation. Child physical health was reported to be worse by skipped generation grandparent caregivers. Behavior problems were reported to be worse for children in grandparent headed households than those in traditional families, particularly for teenagers raised in skipped generation households by their grandmothers. Specific results, limitations and future directions for research on grandparent-headed households were discussed.

This cross-sectional study compared three groups of grandparents, two custodial and one noncustodial, to identify and delineate the unique challenges and expectations faced by custodial grandparents due to their nontraditional roles while attempting to disentangle grandparental role demands from child-specific problems as sources of distress. Those grandparents raising grandchildren demonstrating neurological, physical, emotional, or behavioral problems exhibited the most distress, the most disruption of roles, and the most deteriorated grandparent-grandchild relationships. Although the custodial grandparents raising apparently normal grandchildren demonstrated less distress, less disruption of roles, and less deterioration of the grandparent-grandchild relationship than those grandparents raising grandchildren displaying problems, they still demonstrated higher levels than did traditional grandparents. Those grandparents who reported fewer resources, demonstrated poor attitudes regarding seeking mental health services, and reported raising grandchildren displaying problems had the lowest levels of adjustment.

The Diploma thesis deals with risks that can appear while doing social work in prisons or also risks that follow from its absence. The thesis has two parts. The first part is theoretical, written from expert resources, general facts and concerned on connection of social work with penology - prison service. At the end of this part the thesis is dedicated to risks that follow from the connection. The second part is practical, concerned on a research which was done by qualitative form via questionnaire survey. The whole thesis is divided into chapters which are logically connected. The aim is to find out how the social work determines imprisonment of custodial sentence and where are the risks of doing social work. The practical part supports, confirms and extends the theoretical part.

This qualitative study sought to understand the ways classism, as it intersects with racism and sexism, affects how low wage-earning women negotiate their work world in the academy and the way the academy functions to create, maintain, and reproduce the context within which oppression is able to emerge. Field research took place at State University, a pseudonym for a Land Grant, Research Extensive institution located in the Southwest. Through the lenses of critical theory and critical feminist theory the stories of six women employed as custodial workers, nine administrators employed at State University, and two State University employees involved in the community's Living Wage initiative, were analyzed. The lives of women employed as custodial workers are largely unremarked and undocumented, and the ways in which their work serves to make the academy possible have been unacknowledged. This study found that the job of cleaning in the traditional higher education environment is laced with challenges. The nature of the academy, the ethos and operation of State University, and the interlocking systems of classism, racism and sexism fuse together arrangements of power that simultaneously obliterate and render these women agonizingly visible through systems of oppression. In an environment where honor is conferred upon "the educated," the custodial participants, whose opportunities were limited due to their social locations, exist on the border of the academy. Their marginality is reinforced daily, as they are in constant contact with higher-status individuals who perform raced, classed, and gendered behaviors that are woven into the fabric of our society. The study also found that the custodial participants and the university administrators are locked in a relationship of mutual distrust. State University administrators do not trust the custodians and the custodians do not trust State University administrators. Furthermore, existing at both the literal and metaphorical "bottom" of the organization, custodians are among the first to feel the impact of major institutional shifts, such as increases in student and faculty bodies, and large-scale economic recovery initiatives. Additionally, I reconceptualize the notion of "borrowed power" to name the impermanence of the authority which Black custodial supervisors, and people of color in general, hold in our racialized society. Finally, the data decidedly point to White male students as primary actors and architects of the overtly hostile work environment within which the women work. The custodial participants negotiate these challenges with facility. They find creative ways to resist and to negotiate the obstacles they face. Unfortunately, they also occasionally internalize negative messages and are complicit in their marginality. Administrators who participated in the study were aware of these conditions, but remained silent on the issue of resolution. Through various intentional (if unconscious) State University policies, practices, rules, norms, behaviors, and structures that sometimes act in insidious, hidden ways, the dominant groups? interests continue to be pursued while the interests, needs, and even the very presence of marginal members is ignored. Thus, systems of domination and subordination are produced, reproduced, validated, and institutionalized in the academy. This process is presented in a Conceptual Map of How Systems of Oppression Flourish and are Re/produced in the Academy. The findings of this study contribute to existing bodies of knowledge that discuss racial, gender, and economic inequality. Yet it opens new lines of inquiry into the overlapping conditions of gender, racial, and economic marginality as they impact the lives of women custodial workers in the academy. The findings issue a clarion call for institutions of higher education, one of our nation?s longstanding and respected foci of social change, to tap into its available expertise to end oppression, beginning in its own "backyard."