Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-17T10:20:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOÃO PAULO PAES DE ARAÚJO SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2016.pdf: 4486747 bytes, checksum: 6130f70f7b461e429f7b944096577d56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T10:20:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOÃO PAULO PAES DE ARAÚJO SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2016.pdf: 4486747 bytes, checksum: 6130f70f7b461e429f7b944096577d56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-16 / CNPq / Nos últimos anos o ciclone vem sendo utilizado como uma tecnologia de secagem moderna. Neste sentido, nesta pesquisa propõe-se estudar numericamente a secagem do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar usando o ciclone como secador. Adotou-se os modelos Euleriano-Lagrangeano no regime permanente e o de turbulência RNG k-epsilon para a fase gás, e um modelo concentrado transiente de transferência de calor e massa para a fase particulada. Considerou-se a partícula de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com forma irregular e constituída somente de água. A solução do modelo proposto foi obtida usando o software comercial Ansys CFX 15.0. Resultados do teor de umidade, temperatura, variações dimensionais e trajetória das partículas, e distribuição de velocidade, pressão e temperatura da fase gás no interior do ciclone são apresentadas e analisadas. Verificou-se que o campo de temperatura e pressão, bem como o campo vetorial no interior do ciclone obtidos numericamente apresentaram boa concordância com dados experimentais disponibilizados na literatura e que as cinéticas de secagem, aquecimento, variações dimensionais e tempo de permanência das partículas (bagaço de cana-de-açúcar) são afetadas pelas condições de entrada do gás de secagem. / In recent years, cyclones have been used as a modern drying technology. In this sense, this research proposes a numerical study to describe drying of sugarcane bagasse, using the cyclone as dryer. To this end, it was adopted the RNG-K epsilon model in steady state. The Reynolds stress model was adopted to describe turbulence of the gas phase, while the lumped model in transient state was adopted to describe heat and mass transfer of the particulate phase (sugarcane bagasse). It was considered the particle sugarcane bagasse with irregular shape and consists of water only, in order to simplify the model. The solution of the model was obtained using commercial software Ansys CFX 15.0. Moisture content results, temperature, dimensional variations and trajectory of the particles, and distribution of velocity, pressure and temperature of the gas phase inside the cyclone are presented and analyzed. It was found that the temperature and pressure field and the vector field within the numerically obtained cyclone showed good agreement with experimental data available in the literature and that the kinetics of drying, heating, dimensional variations and particle residence time (sugarcane bagasse) are affected by the inlet condition of the drying gas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Foram desenvolvidos modelos analíticos que descrevem os elementos básicos para irradiações de alvos metálicos em ciclotrons. Parâmetros importantes como valor máximo de corrente de feixe e potência térmica depositada sobre o alvo foram obtidos e confrontados com situações práticas. De forma totalmente inédita, foram determinados analiticamente as características encontradas em situações de intensos transientes térmicos, quando altas concentrações de prótons em uma pequena região do feixe provocam intensos gradientes de temperatura em pequenas regiões do alvo. A comparação dos resultados obtidos com aqueles encontrados na literatura mostraram que os modelos desenvolvidos são satisfatórios, tendo em vista todas as limitações do modelo proposto. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O desenvolvimento da Medicina Nuclear, aliado à evolução dos equipamentos de diagnóstico e terapia, necessita, cada vez mais, da disponibilidade comercial de radioisótopos. Nesse contexto, o IPEN tem buscado atender e abastecer o mercado nacional. Um dos investimentos nesta área foi a aquisição de um ciclotron de 30 MeV, modelo Cyclone-30, que permitiu a produção dos radioisótopos tais como, o 18F, 67Ga, 201Tl e o 123I, sendo este último o foco do presente trabalho. Através de dados de produções rotineiras de 123I via irradiação com prótons em alvo gasoso de Xenônio com enriquecimento superior a 99,8% em 124Xe, foi realizado um estudo para identificar os fatores relevantes que influenciam diretamente o rendimento de obtenção de 123I com altíssimo grau de pureza. Embora a metodologia seja bem conhecida, quando se trata de produção comercial há uma escassez de dados sobre os parâmetros operacionais utilizados. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: pressão do gás 124Xe, intensidade de corrente de feixe de prótons, tempo de irradiação, temperatura de operação do sistema durante a irradiação, tempo de espera para formação de 123I, tempo de aquecimento do porta-alvo para recuperação do 123I formado, temperatura de aquecimento da solução de lavagem e influência do revestimento interno da câmara de irradiação com Ni. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível alterar as condições operacionais nas produções rotineiras, conduzindo a um aumento de eficiência do processo em torno de 30%. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Orientador: Milton Mori / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T09:36:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vegini_AtilanoAntonio_D.pdf: 28017713 bytes, checksum: b5c4951104b5d515ebe084a6388a6ea2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Neste trabalho é apresentado o código computacional CYCLO, programa desenvolvido especificamente para predizer o escoamento multifásico em ciclones. Os ciclones são equipamentos utilizados na indústria, principalmente, para a separação de material particulado de correntes gasosas. Desde o início da industrialização até a atualidade, os ciclones são investigados cientificamente na tentativa de elucidar o real funcionamento deste complexo sistema de escoamento que ocorre no interior destes equipamentos. Com o avanço computacional, as modernas técnicas da fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD), têm se mostrado capaz de auxiliar nas investigações científicas sobre os ciclones. O código CYCLO, é um destes programas baseado nas técnicas da fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD). Consiste de um modelo multifásico num referencial euleriano, e composto de equações diferenciais parciais que são resolvidas numericamente através da aplicação do método dos volumes finitos, com acoplamento pressão-velocidade e malha numérica deslocada. A hipótese de simetria no eixo é assumida, tornando possível a utilização de um modelo 3DSimétrico em coordenadas cilíndricas. O código CYCLO torna possível à utilização de até três fases sólidas, cada uma caracterizada por seu tamanho de partícula, massa específica e fração volumétrica. O escoamento da fase sólida é considerado invíscido e a transferência de quantidade de movimento interfase predito pela adoção de um modelo de força de arraste. Para representar o comportamento anisotrópico dos tensores de Reynolds na fase gasosa, é utilizado um modelo de turbulência híbrido composto por uma combinação do modelo k-e padrão para os componentes radiais e axiais do tensor de Reynolds, e, para os componentes tangenciais por intermédio da teoria do comprimento de mistura de Prandtl. Os objetivos deste trabalho vão desde a verificação e validação do código CYCLO com seu modelo multifásico euleriano-euleriano e todas suas hipóteses simplificadoras, até a apresentação de aplicações práticas do uso das técnicas de CFD. Para a verificação e validação do código, os resultados obtidos numericamente são comparados com valores experimentais para o escoamento monofásico e para o escoamento multifásico. Como exemplo de aplicação prática das técnicas de CFD, é apresentado a utilização do código na análise e projeto de ciclones industriais / Abstract: In this work it is presented the computational code CYCLO, which is a program developed specifically to predict the dynamic behavior of the gas-solid flow in cyclones. The cyclones have been used extensively in many industries for a long time for separating the particles from gaseous streams. Since the beginning of the industrialization until the present time, the cyclones are investigated scientifically in order to elucidate the real functioning of this complex flow behavior inside of these equipments. With the computational advance, the modern techniques of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), has been capable to assist in the scientific inquiries concerning cyclones. The CYCLO code is one of these programs based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The program consists of a multiphase flow model based on the Eulerian-Eulerian approach and it is composed of several partial differential equations, which are solved using the finite volume method with pressure-velocity coupling and staggered grids. The axial symmetry hypothesis is assumed, which makes possible to apply the 3D symmetric model in cylindrical coordinate. The CYCLO code makes possible the use of up to three solid phases, each one represented by a particle diameter, density and specific volumetric fraction. The solid-phase flow is considered inviscid and drag forces between phases are responsible for the gas-solid interaction. To represent an anisotropic behavior of the Reynolds stress in the gas phase, it is used a hybrid model composed of the combination of the (k-e) standard model for the radial and axial components and Prandt¿s longitudinal mixing model for the tangential components. The purpose of the present study is to verify and validate the model used by the CYCLO code and to show practical applications of the use of CFD techniques. In order to verify and validate the code, numerical results were compared with experimental data for gas and gas-solid flows. As practical examples of application of CFD techniques, the code was used to the analysis and design of industrial cyclones / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Doutor em Engenharia Química

Dense medium cyclones are used extensively in the mineral processing industry to beneficiate various minerals including coal, diamonds and iron ore, amongst others. According to Reeves (2002), .the cyclone has been installed in over one-quarter of the coal preparation plants worldwide.. Dense medium cyclones have the ability to achieve high capacities, and simultaneously obtain sharp separations and high separation efficiencies. However, this piece of equipment does have a shortcoming in that its capacity is constrained by the solids carrying capacity of the spigot. This is termed the spigot capacity. There is uncertainty on whether the spigot capacities specified by DSM (Dutch State Mines), the original developers of the dense medium cyclone, can be increased or not, and how these capacities were determined. The purpose of this study is to establish a methodology to determine the spigot capacities of dense medium cyclones, and determine the parameters that influence these capacities. In order to illustrate the significance of increasing the capacity of dense medium cyclones, the following coal example is used: In 2005, South Africa produced about 245Mt of coal valued at R35.86 billion. A significant proportion of this coal is beneficiated through dense medium cyclones. Therefore, an increase in the cyclone capacity, even if relatively small, represents a large number in terms of tonnages of coal produced or monetary gains. It has been established clearly in this investigation that the maximum spigot capacity is reached at the onset of roping. A critical sinks ore concentration at which spigot overloading occurs has been observed. The simplest and best indicator of possible spigot overloading has been established to be the sinks ore concentration, measurement of this parameter could, however, prove challenging on most industrial cyclones. Further, spigot overloading of a dense medium cyclone can be detected visually by observing the discharge type at the sinks and monitoring particle misplacement to the floats stream. A regression model that quantifies the spigot capacity, in terms of ore and slurry, has been developed. Various parameters were considered in the model, these include: cyclone geometry, feed head, medium density, and medium grade. Parameters that influence the spigot capacity of dense medium cyclones have been established, and their effect on the spigot capacity has been quantified. The spigot capacity values obtained in this investigation were compared with those specified by DSM, and it was concluded that there is large potential to increase the .spigot capacities. specified by DSM. / Dissertation (MEng (Metallurgical))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / unrestricted

The climatology of overshooting convection in tropical cyclones (TCs) is examined using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR). The percentage of TC convective systems with overshooting convection is highest over the North Indian Ocean basin, while the northwest Pacific basin contains the highest population of both TC convective systems and convection with overshooting tops. Convective systems in the inner core region are more capable of penetrating 14 km and the associated overshooting convection are featured with much stronger overshooting properties compared with those in the inner rainband and outer rainband regions. In the inner core region of TCs, convection associated with precipitating systems of higher intensity and intensification rates has a larger probability of containing overshooting tops. To identify the relative importance of shallow/moderate versus deep/very deep convection in the rapid intensification (RI) of TCs, four types of precipitation-convection are defined based on the 20 dBZ radar echo height (Z20dBZ). Distributions of four types of precipitation-convection, and their contributions to total volumetric rain and total latent heating are quantified. It is shown that RI is closely associated with increased and widespread shallow precipitation around the storm center, while moderately deep and very deep convection (or overshooting convection) does not increase until in the middle of RI. This is further confirmed by the study of rainfall and convection evolution with respect to the timeline of RI events. Statistically, the onset of RI follows a significant increase in the areal coverage of rainfall, shallow precipitation, and cyan of 37 GHz color composites upshear-left, which in turn could be used as potential parameters to forecast RI. Very deep convection is most frequent 12-24 hours before RI onset and concentrates upshear-left, but it quickly decreases in the following 24 hours. The percent occurrence of very deep convection is less than 1% for RI storms. The tilt of vortex is large prior to, and near the RI onset, but rapidly decreases in the middle of RI, suggesting that the vertical alignment is a result instead of a trigger of RI.

Tropical Cyclones are a continuing threat to life and property. Willoughby (2012) found that a Pareto (power-law) cumulative distribution fitted to the most damaging 10% of US hurricane seasons fit their impacts well. Here, we find that damage follows a Pareto distribution because the assets at hazard follow a Zipf distribution, which can be thought of as a Pareto distribution with exponent 1. The Z-CAT model is an idealized hurricane catastrophe model that represents a coastline where populated places with Zipf- distributed assets are randomly scattered and damaged by virtual hurricanes with sizes and intensities generated through a Monte-Carlo process. Results produce realistic Pareto exponents. The ability of the Z-CAT model to simulate different climate scenarios allowed testing of sensitivities to Maximum Potential Intensity, landfall rates and building structure vulnerability. The Z-CAT model results demonstrate that a statistical significant difference in damage is found when only changes in the parameters create a doubling of damage.

The diploma thesis deals with multitube cyclone changes leading to improve separating efficiency of solid particles. The thesis begins with theoretical part, in which the attributes and types of solid particle separators focusing on cyclones are presented. The practical part begins with separating efficiency and pressure drop calculation of the specific multitube cyclone. Subsequently the separating problem is explained and the changes leading to eliminating this problem are presented and evaluated. In the last and main part of thesis the design project including piping design and fan choice is created.

This thesis is devoted purification of a gas stream with solid and liquid particles. The problem described in the thesis is connected with a real industrial case – problem of operated waste gas incineration plant. Waste gas going to thermal incineration to flame of natural gas combustion contains solid and liquid particles. Presence of particles causes fouling of waste gas preheater. The main objective of thesis is analysis of situation and operating and space limitations and design of a suitable type of particle collector to reliable elimination of particles from waste gas before entering the gas preheater and thus to mitigation of fouling of preheater heat transfer area.