Introduction A widely distributed commercially available target station for the irradiation of solid targets is the COSTIS system. The system is specified for beams up to 500 W and is equipped with a front side He-cooling and water cooling on the back side. The target itself has a coin shape with a diameter of 24 mm and thickness of 2 mm. This recommends the system for irradiation of thin targets like foils but it is also useable for irradiation of metal and oxide powders. However the irradiation of powders and granulates is limited due to the dimension of the target capsule. A setup of a capped closed target is hardly achievable. The purpose of this work was the modification of the COSTIS target station for the use of thicker target capsules. This shall enable the more easy and safe handling and irradiation of powdery targets and the use of lockable target capsules. Material and Methods The adaption of the COSTIS system for wider targets is easy and fast achievable by the ex-change of the target guiding plate together with the four distance bolts and their bearings. The effort of the replacement of the standard with the modified parts is comparable with COSTIS maintenance including exchange of the window foil and the O-rings. For the target capsule itself different designs were developed and tested. Now various target capsules are available, depending on required energy, handling needs and properties of the target material. Different locking systems can be used, from “click” capsules to screwable systems. Additionally the tightness of the target capsule can be achieved by placement of on O-ring between the lid and capsule body. Results and Conclusion The wider target body allows the capping of the target material. This enables a wide range of applications. One aspect is the nanoparticle research, where radiolabelling is an excellent tool for in situ online investigations. The chosen design of the target capsule allowed the direct activation of TiO2 nanoparticles. Via the nuclear reaction 48Ti(p,n)48V radiolabelled [48V]TiO2 nanoparticles can be obtained. Another example is the use of recoil effects for radiolabelling of nanoparticles. In this case the kinetic energy of the product of the nuclear reaction 7Li(p,n)7Be is used to implant a radioactive tracer in different nanomaterials like Ag0 – nanoparticles and MWCNT (multi wall carbon nano tubes). In general the irradiation of powders and granulates benefits from the modified design that allows the more flexible adaption to experimental needs.

No description available.

Ce travail se penche sur l'étude expérimentale et la simulation numérique du GLCC, un séparateur gaz-liquide cyclonique destiné à de l'industrie pétrolière.Les expériences sont menées sur un pilote air-eau. Dans un premier temps, des observations visuelles ont permis de caractériser le fonctionnement du système en fonction des débits d'entrée. L'influence de la géométrie du système ainsi que des propriétés des fluides sont également considérées.Dans un second temps, l'hydrodynamique de l'écoulement tourbillonnaire dans le séparateur est étudiée par vélocimétrie laser Doppler.Cette étude expérimentale, en mettant l'accent sur le rôle important du fillament tourbillonnaire, a permis d'expliquer pour la première fois divers aspects des écoulements tourbillonnaires turbulents. L'analyse des résultats met également en évidence les nombreuses limites du modèle théorique utilisé pour dimensionner les GLCCs.Côté numérique, les écoulements tourbillonnaires en conduite sont étudiés par une approche CFD utilisant le code commercial Fluent 6.3. Les résultats montrent que la CFD peut reproduire correctement les écoulements tourbillonnaires monophasiques. Cependant, en diphasique, les techniques de simulation actuelles ne conviennent pas pour simuler ce type d'écoulement. / This work focuses on the experimental study and numerical simulation of the GLCC, a gas-liquid cyclone separator developed for the oil industry.The experiments are conducted on an air-water pilot. In a first step, visual observations were used to characterize the system operation according to the incoming flow rates. The influence of system's geometry and the fluid's properties are also considered.In a second step, the hydrodynamics of the vortex flow in the separator is studied by laser Doppler velocimetry.This experimental study, focusing on the important role of the vortex filament, allowed to explain for the first time various aspects of turbulent swirling flows. The analysis of the results also highlights the many limitations of the theoretical model used to design the GLCC.On the numerical side, the swirling flows in pipes are studied via the CFD commercial code Fluent 6.3. The results show that CFD can correctly reproduce the single-phase vortex flow.However, for multiphase flow simulations, it is shown that the current simulation techniques are not suitable to simulate this type of flow.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:22:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Emmilyne Christine do Nascimento.pdf: 3101255 bytes, checksum: 57ea0d9a59f61cb186c67d00b101ca0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper analyzes the reasons why Brazil and Ukraine builded the binational company Alcantara Cyclone Space (ACS), which aims at international marketing of satellite launches from Launch Center of Alcantara (LCA). Thus, sought to reflect on the feasibility of this partnership to the expected results by the two States. It is understood that cooperation between Brazil and Ukraine falls within the parameters of Brazilian South-South technical cooperation, where one can already see that this partnership changed the course trodden by the Brazilian space program, considering that Brazil (which does not have a rocket launch itself), joining with Ukraine, might as well join the group of countries that has a complete space program. We conclude that the need to address the limitations and the desire to compete in the space sector are moving to Brazil and Ukraine to join forces to keep the company ACS in activity and to continue in the process of cooperation, which is heading towards a breakthrough both technical (exchange of students and technicians from both countries) and technological (joint construction of the next rocket ACS, Cyclone-5). It is understood that the marketing of space services is the focus of the project ACS and intentions as technology transfer is part of the partnership as a possibility, but not as a reality. / O presente trabalho analisa os motivos que levaram o Brasil e a Ucrânia a construírem a empresa binacional Alcântara Cyclone Space (ACS), visando à comercialização internacional de lançamentos de satélites a partir do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA). Buscou-se assim, refletir sobre a viabilidade dessa parceria e o quanto ela pode proporcionar aos dois Estados na concretização dos interesses esperados com a referida empresa. Entende-se que a cooperação entre o Brasil e a Ucrânia enquadra-se nos parâmetros brasileiros de cooperação técnica sul-sul, de onde já se pode perceber que tal parceria mudou os rumos trilhados pelo programa espacial brasileiro, tendo em vista que o Brasil (que não possui um foguete de lançamento próprio), ao se unir com a Ucrânia, pode assim ingressar no grupo restrito de países que detém um completo programa espacial. Conclui-se que a necessidade de suprir as limitações e o desejo de competir no setor espacial estão movendo o Brasil e a Ucrânia a unir forças para manter a empresa ACS em atividade e a dar continuidade em seu processo de cooperação, que caminha para um avanço tanto no âmbito técnico (intercambio de alunos e técnicos de ambos os países) quanto tecnológico (construção conjunta do próximo foguete da ACS, Cyclone-5). Entende-se que a comercialização de serviços espaciais é o foco do projeto ACS e que intenções como a transferência de tecnologia é parte da parceria como uma possibilidade, mas não como uma realidade atual.

Les données sismologiques enregistrées sur les îles océaniques offrent l'opportunité d'analyser la houle via sa signature dans le "bruit" microsismique. Nous avons d'abord analysé les sources de bruit « secondaires », qui sont générées par l'interaction entre des vagues de même période dans une tempête, un cyclone ou par le phénomène de réflexion des vagues sur la côte. L'analyse des « microséismes secondaires », à l'échelle du bassin océanique, permet d'assurer un suivi spatio-temporel de la source qui les génère, même si elle est distante de plusieurs milliers de km des stations sismiques d'enregistrement. À plus long terme, leur étude permet d'assurer un suivi climatique global de l'activité des vagues dans une région donnée. Nous avons également étudié les sources de bruit « primaires », qui sont générées par l'interaction directe de la houle avec la côte. L'analyse des « microséismes primaires » permet de caractériser la houle localement par son amplitude, sa période et sa direction de propagation. Il est alors possible d'utiliser un capteur sismique comme substitut d'un houlographe. Dans le contexte des îles Éparses et de La Réunion, nous avons étudié plusieurs épisodes de houles extrêmes qui les touchent fréquemment et qui peuvent avoir d'importantes répercutions sociales ou environnementales. Enfin, en utilisant un réseau temporaire de stations sismologiques à La Réunion, nous avons analysé les variations du niveau de bruit microsismique pour caractériser l'impact des houles extrêmes sur les différentes façades de l'île. Cette étude permet d'identifier les sites les plus exposés aux vagues qui présentent un intérêt pour la récupération de cette énergie renouvelable encore trop sous-exploitée. / Seismic data recorded on oceanic islands can be used to analyze the swell through its signature in the microseismic noise. We first analysed the "secondary" noise sources, which are generated by the interaction of ocean waves with similar period within a storm, a cyclone or by the reflection phenomena off the coast. By analyzing secondary microseisms at the scale of the oceanic basin, we first performed a spatio-temporal tracking of the source, even localized thousands km off the recording seismic stations. Secondly, in the long-term, they can be used to follow the global climate change related to the ocean waves activity in a specific region. We also studied the "primary" seismic noise sources, which are created by the direct interaction of ocean waves with the coast. By analyzing these primary microseisms, we succeeded to characterize ocean waves locally in terms of amplitude, period, and, sometimes, direction of propagation. This showed that it is possible to use a seismic station as an ocean waves gauge to get precious swell data, particularly in remote and poorly instrumented areas. In the context of the Iles Éparses and of La Réunion Island, we studied a few extreme swells, which occur there frequently and can have strong social and environmental consequences. Finally, by using a temporary network of seismic stations installed in La Reunion, we studied the spatial variations of the seismic noise level across the island to characterize the swell impact on the different coasts. This study enables us to identify the most exposed spots to the swell, which may be attractive for generating renewable energy with this powerful resource yet underexploited.

No description available.

Master of Science / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering / Don M. Gruenbacher / As semiconductor technologies advance, the smallest feature sizes that can be fabricated get smaller. This has led to the development of high density FPGAs capable of supporting high clock speeds, which allows for the implementation of larger more complex designs on a single chip. Over the past decade the technology market has shifted toward mobile devices with low power consumption at or near the top of design considerations. By reducing power consumption in FPGAs we can achieve greater reliability, lower cooling cost, simpler power supply and delivery, and longer battery life. In this thesis, FPGA technology is discussed for the design and commercial implementation of low power systems as compared to ASICs or microprocessors, and a few techniques are suggested for lowering power consumption in FPGA designs. The objective of this research is to implement some of these approaches and attempt to design a low power signal acquisition module. Designing for low power consumption without compromising performance requires a power-efficient FPGA architecture and good design practices to leverage the architectural features. With various power conservation techniques suggested for every stage of the FPGA design flow, the following approach was used in the design process implementation: the switching activity is addressed in the design entry, and synthesis level and software tools are utilized to get an initial estimate of and optimize the design’s power consumption. Finally, the device choice is made based on its features that will enhance the optimization achieved in the previous stages; it is configured and real time board level power measurements are made to verify the implementation’s efficacy

The tropical cyclone is a majestic, yet violent atmospheric weather system occurring over tropical waters. Their majesty evolves from the significant range of spatial scales they operate over: from the mesoscale, to the larger synoptic-scale. Their associated violent winds and seas, however, are often the cause of damage and destruction for settlements in their path. Between 10/11/07 and 16/11/07, tropical cyclone Sidr formed and intensified into a category 5 hurricane over the southeast tropical waters of the northern Indian Ocean. Sidr tracked west, then north, during the course of its life, and eventually made landfall on 15/11/07, as a category 4 cyclone near the settlement of Barguna, Bangladesh. The storm affected approximately 2.7 million people in Bangladesh, and of that number 4234 were killed. In this study, the dynamics of tropical cyclone Sidr are simulated using version 2.2.1 of Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting — a non-hydrostatic, two-way interactive, triply-nested-grid mesoscale model. Three experiments were developed examining model sensitivity to ocean-atmosphere interaction; initialisation time; and choice of convective parameterisation scheme. All experiments were verified against analysed synoptic data. The ocean-atmosphere experiment involved one simulation of a cold sea surface temperature, fixed at 10 °C; and simulated using a 15 km grid resolution. The initialisation experiment involved three simulations of different model start time: 108-, 72-, and 48-hours before landfall respectively. These were simulated using a 15 km grid resolution. The convective experiment consisted of four simulations, with three of these using a different implicit convective scheme. The three schemes used were, the Kain-Fritsch, Betts-Miller-Janjic, and Grell-Devenyi ensemble. The fourth case simulated convection explicitly. A nested domain of 5km grid spacing was used in the convective experiment, for high resolution modelling. In all experiments, the Eta-Ferrier microphysics scheme, and the Mellor-Yamada-Janjic planetary boundary layer scheme were used. As verified against available observations, the model showed considerable sensitivity in each of the experiments. The model was found to be well suited for combining ocean-atmosphere interactions: a cool sea surface caused cyclone Sidr to dissipate within 24 hours. The initialisation simulations indicated moderate model sensitivity to initialisation time: variations were found for both cyclone track and intensity. Of the three simulations, an initialisation time 108 hours prior to landfall, was found to most accurately represent cyclone Sidr’s track and intensity. Finally, the convective simulations showed that considerable differences were found in cyclone track, intensity, and structure, when using different convective schemes. The Kain-Fritsch scheme produced the most accurate cyclone track and structure, but the rainfall rate was spurious on the sub-grid-scale. The Betts-Miller-Janjic scheme resolved realistic rainfall on both domains, but cyclone intensity was poor. Of particular significance, was that explicit convection produced a similar result to the Grell-Devenyi ensemble for both model domain resolutions. Overall, the results suggest that the modelled cyclone is highly sensitive to changes in initial conditions. In particular, in the context of other studies, it appears that the combination of convective scheme, microphysics scheme, and boundary layer scheme, are most significant for accurate track and intensity prediction.

Lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are major health burdens on the global population. To treat diseases of the lung, topical therapies using dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have been employed. However, a relatively small amount of dose (5.5 - 28 %) reaches the lung during DPI therapy leading to high inter-patient variability in therapy response and oropharyngeal deposition. Strategies were assessed to take patient variability in inhalation performance into account when developing devices to reduce throat deposition and to mitigate flow rate dependency of the emitted aerosol. A cyclone-spacer was manufactured and evaluated with marketed and in-house manufactured formulations. An in vivo study showed that a high resistance inhaler would produce longer inhalation times in lung disease patients and that a spacer with high resistance may prove a suitable approach to address inter-patient variability. Two spacer prototypes were evaluated with cohesively- and adhesively-balanced particle blends. The data suggested that the throat deposition dramatically decreased for the emitted particles when the spacers were used with the inhalers (e.g. 18.44 ± 2.79% for salbutamol sulphate, SS 4 kPa) due to high retention of the formulation within the spacer (87.61 ± 2.96%). Moreover, variation in fine particle fraction and dose was mitigated when increasing the flow rate (82.75 ± 7.34 %, 92.2 ± 7.7 % % and 77.0 ± 10.1 % at 30, 45 and 60 Lmin-1, respectively). The latter was an improvement over previous proposed DPI spacers, where variability in emitted dose due to airflow rate was a major issue. Due to the different physicochemical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients used in the formulation, throat deposition and respirable fraction for adhesively-balanced particles (e.g. SS) were double that of the cohesively- balanced particles (salmeterol xinafoate, SX) (e.g. 65.83 ± 8.99 % vs. 45.83 ± 5.04 % for SS:Coarse Lactose (CL) and SX:CL, respectively). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface-bound agglomerates were more freely removed from the carrier, but subject to decreased impaction-type deagglomeration forces in the spacer than for carrier-bound drug. An ex vivo study using breath profiles from healthy volunteers identified the minimization of differences between adhesively- and cohesively-balanced blends when full breath profiles were studied compared to square-wave airflow. Therefore the use of constant flow for in vitro testing should not be the sole flow regime to study aerosolization when developing new inhalation devices and formulations.

Rapportens syfte är att få reda på om utvändig laserskanning av en byggnad är en lämplig metod att använda för byggbranschen. En laserskanning kommer göras av torpet Furutå, i området Toparängen, som ligger i Växjö. Laserskanningen har gjorts genom att tre uppställningar med skannern har genomförts. Denna data sammanfogas sedan i programmet Leica Cyclone. Sedan bearbetas modellen i Autodesk Recap och AutoCAD. Här skapas sedan 2D-ritningar av fasader och även en 3D-modell. Laserskanningen kommer även georefereras, vilket innebär att modellen flyttas från ett lokalt koordinatsystem till svenska referenssystemet SWEREF99. Studien visar på att laserskanning har ett brett användningsområde och med tillräckligt låg mätosäkerhet.